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Being Normal (being + normal)
Selected AbstractsEarly motor development of premature infants with birthweight less than 2000 gramsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 12 2000SJ Pedersen The aim was to assess motor function during infancy in order to predict later function, mainly cerebral palsy. The neuromotor development of a population-based cohort of 209 of 236 (89%) survivors with a birthweight less than 2000 g was assessed using the Infant Neurological International Battery (INFANIB) and detailed neurological assessment. The infants were classified as being normal, dystonic, hypotonic or having suspected cerebral palsy (CP) at 4, 7, 13 and 18 mo corrected age if birthweight was less than 1500 g (n= 119) and at 7 and 13 mo if birthweight was 1500,1999 g (n= 90). Those with dystonia or suspected CP were followed until diagnosed as normal or as having CP after at least 36 mo of age. Fourteen (7%) finally developed CP. Motor function at 4 mo was inaccurate in predicting function at 7 mo and later. All who were normal at 7 mo remained normal in the follow-up period. Eight of 65 who were dystonic at 7 mo developed suspected CP, and three judged as suspected CP were eventually normal. The 14 who developed CP were judged as suspected CP (n= 5) or dystonic (n= 8) and one as hypotonic at 7 mo of age. Conclusions: The specificity of motor evaluation at 7 mo corrected age regarding CP is unsatisfactory, since dystonia at this age is most often transient. A normal neuromotor assessment at 7 mo is highly predictive of subsequent normal motor function. [source] Anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibody levels are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitusEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 9 2008L. Garrido-Sánchez Abstract Background, Anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) antibodies are associated with the oxidative capacity of plasma, but whether they protect or promote diabetes is unknown. We undertook a prospective study to determine the predictive capacity of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and methods, We selected 391 non-diabetic women aged 18,65 years. The subjects were classified as being normal (oral glucose test tolerance normal, OGTT-N), or having impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or T2DM according to their baseline glucose levels and after an OGTT. The same subjects were studied six years later. The levels of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies were classified as above or below the 50th percentile. Results, Of the women who were OGTT-N at the start of the study and who had anti-oxidized LDL antibody levels below the 50th percentile, only 65·1% were still OGTT-N after 6 years versus 79·5% of those who had anti-oxidized LDL antibody levels above the 50th percentile (P = 0·015). Women who had IGT or IFG at the start of the study whose anti-oxidized LDL antibody levels were below the 50th percentile had a relative risk of 9·79 (95% confidence interval, 1·40,68·45) of developing diabetes (P < 0·001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the variables predicting the development of a carbohydrate metabolism disorder in the women after 6 years were body mass index (P < 0·001) and the levels of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies (P = 0·042). Conclusions, Levels of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies are independent predictors for the development of T2DM in women. [source] Genetic architecture for normal and novel host-plant use in two local populations of the herbivorous ladybird beetle, Epilachna pustulosaJOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2003H. Ueno Abstract Trade-offs in host-plant use are thought to promote the evolution of host specificity. However, usually either positive or no genetic correlations have been found. Whereas factors enhancing variation in overall viability have been claimed to mask negative genetic correlations, alternative hypotheses emphasize the sequential changes in genetic correlation in the course of host-range evolution. In this study, the genetic architectures of performances on different hosts were compared in two populations of the herbivorous ladybird beetle, Epilachna pustulosa, using three host plants, one being normal for both, one novel for only one population, and the other novel for both populations. The genetic correlations between larval periods on normal hosts were significantly positive whereas those between normal and novel hosts were not different from zero. There was no evidence for reduced genetic variation on the normal host-plants. These results suggest that the host-range is not restricted by the antagonistic genetic associations among exploitation abilities on different plant species, but rather that selection of different host-plants may improve the coordination between genes responsible for the use of different plants. [source] A 5-year follow-up study of disease incidence in men with an abnormal hormone patternJOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2003R. Rosmond Abstract Rosmond R, Wallerius S, Wanger P, Martin L, Holm G, Björntorp P (The Cardiovascular Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg; and Huddinge University Hospital, Huddinge; Sweden). A 5-year follow-up study of disease incidence in men with an abnormal hormone pattern. J Intern Med 2003; 254: 386,390. Objectives. Previous studies have suggested that abnormal levels of cortisol and testosterone might increase the risk of serious somatic diseases. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a 5-year follow-up study in middle-aged men. Methods. A population-based cohort study conducted in 1995 amongst 141 Swedish men born in 1944, in whom a clinical examination supplemented by medical history aimed to disclose the presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke), type 2 diabetes and hypertension were performed at baseline and at follow-up in the year 2000. In addition, salivary cortisol levels were measured repeatedly over the day. Serum testosterone concentrations were also determined. Using the baseline data, an algorithm was constructed, which classified the secretion pattern of cortisol and testosterone from each individual as being normal or abnormal. Results. By the end of follow-up, men with an abnormal hormone secretion pattern (n = 73) had elevated mean arterial pressure (P = 0.003), fasting insulin (P = 0.009) and insulin : glucose ratio (P = 0.005) compared with men with a normal secretion pattern (n = 68). Body mass index, waist circumference, and waist : hip ratio were significantly elevated in both groups. However, the 5-year incidence of CVD, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in men with an abnormal neuroendocrine secretory pattern compared to men with a normal pattern. Conclusions. These data suggest that an abnormal neuroendocrine secretory pattern is prospectively associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular-related events and type 2 diabetes. [source] | ||||||||||