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Being Incorporated (being + incorporated)
Selected AbstractsRole of the general practitioner in smoking cessationDRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW, Issue 1 2006NICHOLAS A. ZWAR Abstract This paper reflects on the role of general practitioners in smoking cessation and suggests initiatives to enhance general practice as a setting for effective smoking cessation services. This paper is one of a series of reflections on key issues in smoking cessation. In this article we highlight the extent that general practitioners (GPs) have contact with the population, evidence for effectiveness of GP advice, barriers to greater involvement and suggested future directions. General practice has an extensive population reach, with the majority of smokers seeing a GP at least once per year. Although there is level 1 evidence of the effectiveness of smoking cessation advice from general practitioners, there are substantial barriers to this advice being incorporated routinely into primary care consultations. Initiatives to overcome these barriers are education in smoking cessation for GPs and other key practice staff; teaching of medical students about tobacco and cessation techniques, clinical practice guidelines; support for guideline implementation; access to pharmacotherapies; and development of referral models. We believe the way forward for the role of the GPs is to develop the practice as a primary care service for providing smoking cessation advice. This will require education relevant to the needs of a range of health professionals, provision of and support for the implementation of clinical practice guidelines, access for patients to smoking cessation pharmacotherapies and integration with other cessation services such as quitlines [source] Three-dimensional numerical modelling of free surface flows with non-hydrostatic pressureINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS, Issue 9 2002Musteyde B. Koçyigit Abstract A three-dimensional numerical model is developed for incompressible free surface flows. The model is based on the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier,Stokes equations with a non-hydrostatic pressure distribution being incorporated in the model. The governing equations are solved in the conventional sigma co-ordinate system, with a semi-implicit time discretization. A fractional step method is used to enable the pressure to be decomposed into its hydrostatic and hydrodynamic components. At every time step one five-diagonal system of equations is solved to compute the water elevations and then the hydrodynamic pressure is determined from a pressure Poisson equation. The model is applied to three examples to simulate unsteady free surface flows where non-hydrostatic pressures have a considerable effect on the velocity field. Emphasis is focused on applying the model to wave problems. Two of the examples are about modelling small amplitude waves where the hydrostatic approximation and long wave theory are not valid. The other example is the wind-induced circulation in a closed basin. The numerical solutions are compared with the available analytical solutions for small amplitude wave theory and very good agreement is obtained. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Engineered 5S ribosomal RNAs displaying aptamers recognizing vascular endothelial growth factor and malachite greenJOURNAL OF MOLECULAR RECOGNITION, Issue 2 2009Xing Zhang Abstract In previous work, Vibrio proteolyticus 5S rRNA was shown to stabilize 13,50 nucleotide "guest" RNA sequences for expression in Escherichia coli. The expressed chimeric RNAs accumulated to high levels in E. coli without being incorporated into ribosomes and without obvious effects on the host cells. In this work, we inserted sequences encoding known aptamers recognizing a protein and an organic dye into the 5S rRNA carrier and showed that aptamer function is preserved in the chimeras. A surface plasmon resonance competitive binding assay demonstrated that a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) aptamer/5S rRNA chimera produced in vitro by transcriptional runoff could compete with a DNA aptamer for VEGF, implying binding of the growth factor by the VEGF "ribosomal RNA aptamer." Separately, a 5S rRNA chimera displaying an aptamer known to increase the fluorescence of malachite green (MG) also enhanced MG fluorescence. Closely related control rRNA molecules showed neither activity. The MG aptamer/5S rRNA chimera, like the original MG aptamer, also increased the fluorescence of other triphenyl methane (TPM) dyes such as crystal violet, methyl violet, and brilliant green, although less effectively than with MG. These results indicate that the molecular recognition properties of aptamers are not lost when they are expressed in the context of a stable 5S rRNA carrier. Inclusion of the aptamer in a carrier may facilitate production of large quantities of RNA aptamers, and may open an approach to screening aptamer libraries in vivo. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Influence of cylinder-on-plate or block-on-ring sliding configurations on friction and wear of pure and filled engineering polymersLUBRICATION SCIENCE, Issue 2 2007P. Samyn Abstract Polyamides, polyesters and polyacetals are often used in line contacts under reciprocating or continuous sliding. These contacts are simulated on cylinder-on-plate (COP) or block-on-ring (BOR) tribotests. Comparative tests for pure, oil-filled and solid lubricated polymers at 100N and 0.3m/s are presented for relative material classification. Differences are discussed according to the sliding geometries. Thermal effects dominate friction and wear behaviour: the polymer glass transition temperature is exceeded in COP tests while the temperature is lower in BOR tests. Thick and brittle films are observed for pure polymers in BOR tests, promoting higher friction. The test configuration is mainly important for evaluation of internal lubricants. The efficiency of oil-lubricated polymers is not demonstrated in COP tests, while solid lubricants are not efficient in BOR tests. Deformation restricts the diffusion of oil lubricants in COP tests while solid lubricants are deposited on the polymer surface rather than being incorporated in the transfer film in BOR tests. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] How to diagnose multiple system atrophyMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue S12 2005Niall P. Quinn MD Abstract The diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA) in life remains entirely clinical. Consensus diagnostic criteria have been developed, but their use does not particularly render a diagnosis of MSA more accurate than are clinicians' diagnoses. Some patients may not fulfill the stipulated core diagnostic criteria, yet display many so-called red flags pointing toward MSA. The additional usefulness of these red flags and of a variety of investigations currently is being investigated, with a view to some of them being incorporated in future sets of diagnostic criteria. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society [source] Comparison of dietary phospholipids and neutral lipids: effects on gut, liver and pancreas histology in Atlantic cod (Gadus morha L.) larvaeAQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 1 2009P.-A. WOLD Abstract The aim of the present study was to compare effects of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) being incorporated in the phospholipid (PL) or in the neutral lipid (NL) fraction of the larval feed, on larval growth and histology of digestive organs in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) larvae. Three isoproteic and isolipidic diets, labelled according to the percentage of n-3 docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid contained in NL1 or in PL1 and PL3 of the diets, were fed to cod larvae from 17 days post hatching (dph) to 45 dph. In the liver, hepatocytes and their nuclei were smaller in NL1 larvae compared with the PL larvae; the mitochondrial membrane structures were less dense and the amount of lipids observed in the liver was significantly higher in NL1 larvae compared with the PL3 larvae. The liver and gut size was related to larval size, with no differences between the larval groups. The results demonstrated that the essential fatty acids were more beneficial for cod larvae when they were incorporated in the dietary polar PL rather than in the NL, and that the n-3 HUFA requirements in cod larvae is possibly higher than that in the PL1 diet. [source] | ||||||||||