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Behavioral Component (behavioral + component)
Selected AbstractsA Behavioral Component Analysis of Route Guidance Systems Using Neural NetworksCOMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING, Issue 6 2003Khaled Hamad This article focuses on the behavioral component, one of the three components (the other two being dynamic traffic component and information supply strategy component) of a practical RGS developed through a 4-year project at the University of Delaware. Development of the behavioral model is based on the premise that different drivers perceive and behave differently in response to the information provided. Understanding the behavior of RGS-equipped drivers' acceptance or nonacceptance of provided information is essential for understanding the reliability of the system. Backpropagation neural network with its ability to map complex input,output relationships has been used to structure the model. This model was tested on two networks under both recurring and nonrecurring congestion. A comparative analysis of the measures of effectiveness revealed that the performance of the developed RGS is significantly better than the performance under existing non-RGS conditions. [source] Demographics, personality, contact, and universal-diverse orientation: An exploratory examinationHUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2003Judy P. Strauss This study explores relationships between race, gender, agreeableness, openness to experience, contact, and a measure of attitudes toward diversity,universal-diverse orientation (UDO). UDO consists of three attitudinal components: realistic appreciation (a cognition), comfort with difference (a feeling), and diversity of contact (a behavior). Results suggest that race, agreeableness, and openness relate to UDO attitudes, primarily due to the relationships of these variables with the behavioral component,diversity of contact. Identifying characteristics of tolerant people (e.g., agreeableness) and training managers in skills related to those characteristics may improve contextual performance and make managers better role models within the organizational context. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Transnational Competence in an Emergent EpochINTERNATIONAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVES, Issue 2 2002Peter H. Koehn The article elaborates a framework for understanding the relevance of transnational competence to the dynamics that mark the transformations of our time. Nongovernmental stakeholders interacting through dense civil-society networks that permeate domestic-foreign frontiers bear increasing responsibility for the course of events. Based on linked interests, interorganizational knowledge generation and aggregation, partnerships, and interpersonal/intercultural interactions, they are deeply involved in addressing the many challenges posed by an ever more interdependent world. Transnational competence lubricates transterritorial networks and projects. Here, the authors extend earlier work that posited a worldwide skill revolution both by developing explicit dimensions of transnational competence and by introducing a behavioral component. The new framework provides analytical groundwork for explaining why some people, groups, and networks are more effective than others in forging meaningful transnational solidarities, negotiating and benefiting from the intensifying experience of globalization, and waging successful transnational campaigns. The article also probes how the spread of transnational competence is being facilitated by global migration and transmigration trends. The final section explores the governance implications of expanding transnational competency for the emergent epoch. [source] Behind the Third-Person Effect: Differentiating Perceptual Processes for Self and OtherJOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, Issue 4 2001Douglas M. McLeod This study investigated factors related to two types of judgments that make up the third-person perception: media effects on others and effects on self. Specifically, separate regression path models revealed that estimates of effects on others are based on a relatively naive schema for media effects that is similar to the "magic bullet" model of media effects (i.e., more exposure leads to greater effects). On the other hand, assessing effects on self involves a more complex, conditional effects model. The different pattern of results for the self and other models reflect the "fundamental attribution error" from attribution theory. The path models also extend results from the perceptual component to the behavioral component of the third-person effect by linking the explanatory variables to support for censorship. Both models showed that paternalistic attitudes were the strongest predictor of support for censorship. [source] Psychological Intervention Following Implantation of an Implantable Defibrillator: A Review and Future RecommendationsPACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 12 2007SUSANNE S. PEDERSEN Ph.D. Background:The medical benefits of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) are unequivocal, but a subgroup of patients experiences emotional difficulties following implantation. For this subgroup, some form of psychological intervention may be warranted. This review provides an overview of current evidence on the efficacy of psychological intervention in ICD patients and recommendations for future research. Methods:We searched the PubMed and PsycInfo databases in the period between January 1980 and April 2007, using a set of a priori determined keywords. Based on the search and a hand search of the reference lists of the included articles, we identified nine studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results:The majority of studies used a randomized controlled trial design, but studies varied considerably in sample size, response, attrition rate, and type of intervention. However, most interventions were multifactorial, using cognitive behavioral therapy as one of the mainstays of treatment. Overall, psychological interventions seem to have little impact on shocks and heart rate variability. Some studies found a decrease in depressive symptoms and gains in quality of life, but the most notable effects are seen in improved exercise capacity and reductions in anxiety. Effect sizes for changes in anxiety in the intervention group ranged from small to large compared to small in the usual care group, using Cohen's effect size index. Conclusions:Preliminary evidence from small-scale intervention trials suggests that psychological intervention is worthwhile in ICD patients. Nevertheless, large-scale, well-designed trials are warranted to substantiate these findings. A multifactorial approach using a cognitive behavioral component paired with exercise training is likely to be the most successful. [source] Linking trust to use intention for technology-enabled bank channels: The role of trusting intentions,PSYCHOLOGY & MARKETING, Issue 8 2010Sergios Dimitriadis The present research is an attempt to better understand the role of trust in the adoption of technology-based service channels, namely Internet and phone banking. The study conceptualizes and measures trust, distinguishing the cognitive and affective component of trust (the trusting beliefs), the behavioral component of trust (trusting intentions), and the purchase behavior (intention to use), suggesting a mediating role of trusting intentions. Then it tests a model that combines the effect of trusting beliefs and trusting intentions together with the Technology Acceptance Model variables, privacy, and security as well as individual characteristics. Results from 762 retail bank customers revealed a strong mediating role of trusting intention on the intention to use and similar patterns of relationship for the two technology-based bank channels. Several implications for managers and further research are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] EXPLAINING THE EDUCATIONAL DEFICITS OF DELINQUENT YOUTHS,CRIMINOLOGY, Issue 3 2008SONJA E. SIENNICK Why do delinquent youths complete less education than do their conventional peers? Theory and research in criminology and in the sociology of education suggest that two aspects of youths' commitment to education, their future goals and their behavioral investments in those goals, may explain the delinquency-education relationship, but only when considered jointly. Using panel data from the National Education Longitudinal Study, we find that educational expectations and school effort together explain delinquents' lower rates of college attendance and graduation, but of these two factors, effort provides the more powerful explanation. We also find that transcript grades explain more of the delinquency-education relationship than do self-reported grades, which indicates that delinquent youths may not know exactly how they are performing in school. Our findings suggest that the aspirational and behavioral components of commitment to education are only loosely coupled, and that delinquent youths may not understand how their behavior can jeopardize their goals. [source] A methodology for systemic-structural analysis and design of manual-based manufacturing operationsHUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS IN MANUFACTURING & SERVICE INDUSTRIES, Issue 3 2001Gregory Bedny The main objective of this study was to develop a method for systemic-structural analysis and design of manufacturing assembly operations based on the activity theory. The "activity" was defined as behavior distinctively specific to workers, associated with mobilizations and realization of conscious manufacturing goals. The fundamental units of analysis of activity are actions that are both motor and mental. Activity is considered as a complicated structure of actions that are logically ordered in space and time. Each action is comprised of different operations. The building blocks of motor actions are motions. The building blocks of cognitive actions are mental operations. Activity integrates not merely cognitive and behavioral components, but the energy components as well. The proposed methodology is illustrated using an example of two manufacturing assembly operations. © 2001 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. [source] The anatomy of interprofessional leadership: An investigation of leadership behaviors in team-based health careJOURNAL OF LEADERSHIP STUDIES, Issue 3 2009June M. S. Anonson Increasing specialization among health care professions has heightened the need for proficient interprofessional teamwork. Within the team context for practice, leadership becomes a competency expected of all practitioners who must recognize the necessity of situational leadership dependent on patient needs and the professional competencies to meet those needs. Although this need for leadership within interprofessional practice is recognized, the behavioral components of that leadership competency have not been delineated. In this article, the authors report on a study to identify the behavioral components of interprofessional practice and highlight the indicators of leadership competency in interprofessional patient-centered care. This qualitative study involved in-depth interviews with 24 participants from nine professions engaged in collaborative team care of clients or patients in a variety of community and acute-based health care facilities. Interprofessional competencies were explored using grounded theory, with coding of participants' responses. In this article, the authors have highlighted leadership in interprofessional practice, and discussed the behavioral indicators of leadership that could be used in preparation of students, faculty, and practitioners for interprofessional practice, as well as in evaluation of that practice for purposes of professional growth. [source] Fatigue and Relatedness Experiences of Inordinately Tired WomenJOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP, Issue 4 2000Laura Cox Dzurec Purpose: To examine the association of fatigue and interpersonal relatedness of fatigued women. Design: Hermeneutics. Methods: Seventeen fatigued American women, recruited through purposive sampling, were interviewed. Questions were based on data from previous research of women's fatigue and on characteristics of the theory of relatedness. Findings: Relatedness was significantly linked to fatigue. Participants moved toward disconnectedness, parallelism, comfortable noninvolvement, or through enmeshment and then toward parallelism. A spiral of intrapersonal and interpersonal changes, sense of emotional absence, lack of energy and motivation, and depression-like symptoms were reported by fatigued participants, particularly those whose state of relatedness shifted toward disconnectedness. Depression-like symptoms were associated with fatigue, but were differentiated from diagnosed depression. Participants noted that physical movement was helpful to them in mediating their fatigue. Conclusions: Findings from this study indicate the need for a database to describe the interplay among biological, psychosocial, and behavioral components of fatigue and to clarify its association with medical diagnoses, particularly depression. [source] Scream,embrace displays in wild black-horned capuchin monkeysAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2008Jessica Lynch Alfaro Abstract Reintroduction of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) into their social group in captivity can elicit sirena screams and embraces. Captive scream,embrace displays are male biased, and females never perform sirena screams. One hypothesis is that scream,embrace displays serve a tension-reduction or reconciliatory function between males with conflicting interests. Alternatively, these displays may function to maintain strong affiliative bonds between friendly male dyads. Scream and/or embrace displays in wild Brazilian black-horned capuchins were analyzed for social and ecological contexts, behavioral components, and individuals involved. Seventy-two displays were observed during the 199-day study period. Among the 66 displays for which both members could be identified by sex, there were 42 occurrences of male,male dyads, 17 of male,female dyads, and seven of female,female dyads. Scream,embrace dyads were male,male pairs significantly more often than expected from group membership, and the , male was the only male to engage in scream,embrace displays with females. Female,female pairs did embrace, but never emitted sirena screams. Displays most commonly occurred in "reunion" contexts, primarily the reuniting of subgroups after hours or days out of contact, but also after intergroup encounters, and across groups in "intergroup" displays. Displays were rare, but socially contagious, and subgroup reunions could elicit multiple displays in rapid succession. Although the occurrence of screams and embraces was positively correlated, both behaviors also occurred independently, and their functions may be different. Male sirena screams may be honest advertisements of united alliances, directed toward a third party, whereas the embrace may be a risky affiliative signal, directed primarily within the dyad. Am. J. Primatol. 70:551,559, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||