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Beetle Attack (beetle + attack)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Life Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Factors influencing duiker dung decay in north-east Gabon: are dung beetles hiding duikers?

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 1 2009
Nathalie Van Vliet
Abstract We analysed seasonality of dung decay time and the influence of rainfall, leaf fall, beetle attack and moisture on dung decay. Our study was carried out at the Ipassa Reserve, north-east Gabon. We compared the seasonality of dung decay with the seasonality of dung beetle abundance and guild structure. Dung beetle activity was the main factor influencing dung decay in our study site. Decay time was the highest during the main dry season (3.4 days) and the lowest during the short rainy season (0.7 days). Dung decay time was closely related to dung beetle abundance, especially to the abundance of nocturnal beetles. We discuss the implications of such results for duiker survey methods based on dung pellet counts in areas where decay time is extremely short or unknown. Résumé Nous avons analysé le caractère saisonnier de la durée de décomposition des crottes et l'influence des chutes de pluie, des chutes de feuilles, des attaques de coléoptères et de l'humidité sur la décomposition des crottes. Notre étude s'est déroulée dans la Réserve d'Ipassa, au nord-est du Gabon. Nous avons comparé le caractère saisonnier de la décomposition des crottes avec celui de l'abondance des coléoptères et la structure des guildes. L'activité des bousiers était le principal facteur influençant la décomposition des crottes sur notre site d'étude. La durée de la décomposition était plus longue pendant la grande saison sèche (3,4 jours) et plus courte pendant la petite saison des pluies (0,7 jour). La durée de la décomposition était étroitement liée à l'abondance des bousiers, spécialement celle des coléoptères nocturnes. Nous discutons les implications de ces résultats pour les méthodes de recensement des céphalophes qui se basent sur le comptage des crottes, dans des régions où le temps de décomposition est extrêmement court, ou inconnu. [source]

Pulp handling by vertebrate seed dispersers increases palm seed predation by bruchid beetles in the northern Amazon

JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 6 2002
Kirsten M. Silvius
Abstract 1The simultaneous use of fruits and seeds by invertebrate seed predators and vertebrate seed dispersers produces complex ecological interactions that reduce the predictability of seed fate. 2Cocosoid palm seeds in the Neotropics are subject to high mortality by bruchid beetle infestation and such attack is the major cause of mortality for seeds of the palm Attalea maripa at our study site in the northern Brazilian Amazon. 3The exocarp and mesocarp of 1400 fruits were manipulated in different ways to simulate handling by vertebrates. No eggs of the bruchid beetle, Pachymerus cardo, were laid on intact control fruits, while the highest numbers of eggs were received by fruits whose exocarp and mesocarp had been partially removed, as if by primates and rodents (mean of 15.9 and 18.9 eggs fruit,1, respectively, during the peak fruiting season). Fruits with intact mesocarp but no exocarp, and fruits with all mesocarp and exocarp removed, received low numbers of eggs (mean of 4.6 and 6.6 eggs per fruit, respectively, during the peak fruiting season). Thus both exocarp and mesocarp deter oviposition, and removal of these fruit structures increases fruit susceptibility to infestation. 4Oviposition rates declined as the fruiting season progressed, but oviposition preferences remained the same. Seed mortality was high for any fruit on which eggs were laid. 5Large rodents and primates, which have been considered among the most effective seed dispersers for large-seeded Neotropical trees such as palms, actually increased the susceptibility of seeds to bruchid beetle attack. Removal of (intact) seeds by other dispersers may be necessary to ensure seed survival. 6These results indicate that the reliability of seed dispersers cannot be gauged without a complete understanding of variables that affect seed viability. [source]

Attraction of ambrosia and bark beetles to coast live oaks infected by Phytophthora ramorum

AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 4 2008
Brice A. McPherson
Abstract 1,Sudden oak death is caused by the apparently introduced oomycete, Phytophthora ramorum. We investigated the role of bark and ambrosia beetles in disease progression in coast live oaks Quercus agrifolia. 2,In two Marin County, California sites, 80 trees were inoculated in July 2002 with P. ramorum and 40 were wounded without inoculation. Half of the trees in each group were sprayed with the insecticide permethrin [cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-(3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl ester] to prevent ambrosia and bark beetle attacks, and then were sprayed twice per year thereafter. After each treatment, sticky traps were placed on only the permethrin-treated trees. Beetles were collected periodically in 2003. 3,Inoculated trees accounted for 95% of all beetles trapped. The ambrosia beetles Monarthrum scutellare and Xyleborinus saxeseni and the western oak bark beetle Pseudopityophthorus pubipennis were the most abundant of the seven species trapped. 4,Permethrin treatment delayed initiation of beetle attacks and significantly reduced the mean number of attacks per tree. Beetles did not attack any wounded or noncankered inoculated trees. 5,Trees with larger cankers trapped more beetles early in the disease. Once permethrin lost effectiveness, the number of beetle entrance tunnels was a more reliable predictor of subsequent trap catch than was canker size. 6,Beetles were initially attracted to P. ramorum cankers in response to kairomones generated in the host-pathogen interaction. After beetles attacked the permethrin-treated trees, aggregation pheromones most probably were the principal factor in beetle colonization behaviour. [source]