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Training Effects (training + effects)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	28%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	28%

Selected Abstracts

TRAINING EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE OF DESCRIPTIVE PANELISTS

JOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 6 2004
DELORES H. CHAMBERS
ABSTRACT The amount of training necessary to adequately "train" a descriptive panel is a matter of contention. The objectives of this research were to compare the performance of descriptive panelists after short-term (4 h), moderate (60 h) and extensive training (120 h). Seven screened panelists were chosen to evaluate three commercial tomato pasta sauces after each training period. Panelist performance improved with increased training. Sample differences were observed in all texture attributes and some flavor attributes, even after the shortest training time (4 h). However, more differences were found with at least 60 h of product training. After 120 h of training, product differences for all texture attributes and most of the flavor attributes studied could be ascertained by the trained panelists. These results suggested that only limited training may be necessary to find differences among products for many texture attributes and some flavor attributes. However, extensive training may be required to reduce variation among panelists and increase the discriminant abilities of panelists. [source]

Conjugate limb coordination after experience with an interlimb yoke: Evidence for motor learning in the rat fetus

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2005
Scott R. Robinson
Abstract This study investigated the capacity of the E20 rat fetus to adaptively alter patterns of interlimb coordination in a prenatal model of motor learning. Fetal limb movement was manipulated with an interlimb yoke, consisting of a fine thread attached at the ankles, which created a physical linkage between two limbs. Exposure to the yoke resulted in a gradual increase in conjugate movements of the yoked limbs during a 30-min training period, which persisted after removal of the yoke. Training effects were evident when the yoke was applied to two hindlimbs, two forelimbs, or a homolateral forelimb,hindlimb pair. A savings in the rate of acquisition also was observed when fetuses experienced yoke training in a second session. These data argue that the rat fetus can respond to kinesthetic feedback resulting from variation in motor performance, which suggests that experience contributes to the development of coordinated motor behavior before birth. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 47: 328,344, 2005. [source]

Measuring change in work behavior by means of multisource feedback

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2 2006
Froukje Jellema
Evaluating the effects of interventions is among the most critical issues faced by the field of human resource development today. This study addresses the potential of multisource feedback for training evaluation. The central research question is whether or not it is possible to measure change in work behavior, as a result of training, with multisource feedback in a reliable and valid way. A procedure for training evaluation was developed and three quasi-experimental studies were carried out. The psychometric properties of the multisource feedback instruments used are discussed as well as the training effects that were found. Our conclusion is that in most cases coworkers do not perceive positive changes in the work behavior of training participants. Whenever a training effect is observed, this is observed by the ratee's peers, rather than by the ratee's superiors or subordinates. Overall, the results do not support multisource feedback as an efficient method for training evaluation. However, this does not mean that multisource feedback cannot be used in a training context at all. Two alternative applications are presented. [source]

The Effects of Trainee Characteristics on Training Effectiveness in Improving Organizational Performance

PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2002
Eul-Kyoo Bae
ABSTRACT Despite the existence of many comprehensive and user-friendly guides to evaluate training programs, most practitioners have had difficulty assessing training effects on corporate outcomes. Research revealed that trainees, organizational, and training-related factors might influence the effectiveness of training in terms of organizational performance. The current study examines the effects of trainee characteristics among those factors, specifically what kind of trainee characteristics could affect training effectiveness in terms of job performance in a company. In addition, telephone surveys were conducted to aid in understanding of the reasons for leaving and high turnover of company personnel. The current and terminated employees who went through training programs in the company differed when considering previous sales experience in years and type of sales experience as trainee characteristics factors, with those still employed having a statistically higher average number of years and a higher rated type of sales experience. The current employees demonstrated higher job performance. The implications of these results on the attainment of training effectiveness as well as the selection decisions in the organization are discussed. [source]

Effective Interaction With Patients With Schizophrenia: Qualitative Evaluation of the Interaction Skills Training Programme

PERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHIATRIC CARE, Issue 4 2009
Berno Van Meijel RN
PURPOSE., The purpose of this study was to describe experiences of caregivers with the Interaction Skills Training Programme, and to evaluate the training effects observed by caregivers. DESIGN AND METHODS., A qualitative research design was applied. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 17 caregivers who had followed the training program. FINDINGS., The research findings clearly confirm the value of the program. Positive effects of the training were reported in terms of: (a) awareness and insightfulness; (b) the attitude of caregivers; (c) the quality of the therapeutic alliance; and (d) job perception. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS., Training interactive skills may contribute to a better quality of care for chronic psychiatric patients. Based on the qualitative study, implementation of the skills training program can be recommended. [source]

Does the addition of non-invasive ventilation during pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease augment patient outcome in exercise tolerance?

PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2010
A literature review
Abstract Background.,Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been shown to increase exercise time and intensity. Feasibly then, NIV during pulmonary rehabilitation will enhance post-rehabilitation training effects. The purpose of this review is to systematically consider and critique the literature concerning the effects of NIV, when used during an exercise programme in COPD patients on exercise tolerance.,Method.,An electronic literature search was completed and the reference lists of the articles that fitted the following inclusion criteria were screened. Studies that used any mode of NIV during an exercise programme with a primary outcome measure focusing on exercise tolerance and were written after the year 2000 to reflect current practice. Studies that were not written in English or had been included in previous literature reviews were excluded. The studies were then critically appraised and assigned a level of evidence based upon Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network.,Results.,Twenty-eight articles were screened, of which six fitted the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality ranged from level 1, to 1+. All but one study by Bianchi et al. (2002) demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in exercise tolerance with the addition of some form of NIV during pulmonary rehabilitation. The benefits may be greater in patients with more severe airway obstruction as determined by Forced Expiration Volume (FEV), (%pred).,Conclusion.,This review would suggest that NIV may allow an increased exercise intensity and duration during pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with moderate to very severe COPD, (according to the American Thoracic Society guidelines), resulting in a greater training effect and a prolonged exercise capacity. Further research looking at long-term follow-up is recommended. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Annotation: Neurofeedback , train your brain to train behaviour

THE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 1 2007
Hartmut Heinrich
Background:, Neurofeedback (NF) is a form of behavioural training aimed at developing skills for self-regulation of brain activity. Within the past decade, several NF studies have been published that tend to overcome the methodological shortcomings of earlier studies. This annotation describes the methodical basis of NF and reviews the evidence base for its clinical efficacy and effectiveness in neuropsychiatric disorders. Methods:, In NF training, self-regulation of specific aspects of electrical brain activity is acquired by means of immediate feedback and positive reinforcement. In frequency training, activity in different EEG frequency bands has to be decreased or increased. Training of slow cortical potentials (SCPs) addresses the regulation of cortical excitability. Results:, NF studies revealed paradigm-specific effects on, e.g., attention and memory processes and performance improvements in real-life conditions, in healthy subjects as well as in patients. In several studies it was shown that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) improved behavioural and cognitive variables after frequency (e.g., theta/beta) training or SCP training. Neurophysiological effects could also be measured. However, specific and unspecific training effects could not be disentangled in these studies. For drug-resistant patients with epilepsy, significant and long-lasting decreases of seizure frequency and intensity through SCP training were documented in a series of studies. For other child psychiatric disorders (e.g., tic disorders, anxiety, and autism) only preliminary investigations are available. Conclusions:, There is growing evidence for NF as a valuable treatment module in neuropsychiatric disorders. Further, controlled studies are necessary to establish clinical efficacy and effectiveness and to learn more about the mechanisms underlying successful training. [source]