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Traditional Understandings (traditional + understanding)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	50%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	37%

Selected Abstracts

To belong or not to belong: the Roma, state violence and the new Europe in the House of Lords

LEGAL STUDIES, Issue 4 2001
David Fraser
Issues of national sovereignty and membership in the body politic are central to many current political and legal debates surrounding ,New Britain' and Europe. Traditional understandings of citizenship and belonging are grounded in the ideal of a territorially limited and defined nation state. In this article, I explore a series of judicial and political decisions surrounding the fate of Roma or Gypsies, both as claimants to refugee status in Britain, or as subjects of domestic legal controls. I argue that these decisions construct this nomadic Other as a fundamental danger and challenge to the coherence of the legally protected body politic of the nation state ,Britain' . I argue that the deconstructive excess found in the construction of the Roma as dangerous nomads, without allegiance to a fixed and geographically delimited nation state, might contain the kernel for a possible re-imagining of the basis of our understandings of citizenship and belonging. [source]

Did Christ have a Fallen Human Nature?

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Issue 3 2004
Oliver Crisp
This seems a difficult thing to say with a traditional understanding of original sin. This article explores this difficulty, proposes a possible solution, and then shows that the solution proposed also faces logical difficulties. The article thus argues that it is not possible to make logical sense of the notion that Christ's humanity was fallen. [source]

The Role of Champions in the External Commercialization of Knowledge,

THE JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2009
Ulrich Lichtenthaler
Besides applying knowledge in their own products or services, firms may externally commercialize their knowledge assets (e.g., by means of outlicensing). The literature on champions, however, has focused on internal innovation. This gap in prior research is particularly remarkable as the potential for promoting external knowledge exploitation is high. Some pioneering firms realize great benefits, whereas most others experience major managerial difficulties. This paper tests five hypotheses regarding the emergence and impact of champions of external knowledge exploitation with data from 152 firms across industries. The results of the questionnaire-based study demonstrate the relevance of champions of external knowledge exploitation. Championing constitutes an essential success factor and has strongly contributed to the recent increase in external knowledge commercialization. These findings help to explain the discrepancies between the few successful and the majority of unsuccessful firms. Beyond existing insights, the emergence of champions is affected by external determinants in addition to internal determinants. There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between championing and the internal determinants, that is, organizational climate and active strategy. Moreover, there is a negative relationship between championing and market imperfection and an inverted U-shaped relationship between championing and competitive intensity, which both constitute external determinants of championing. In contrast to the traditional understanding, champions tend to emerge in supportive environments, in which internal and external barriers are relatively low. This surprising finding calls for rethinking the role and motivation of champions. [source]

THE ECONOMICS OF THE NON-DISTRIBUTION CONSTRAINT: A CRITICAL REAPPRAISAL

ANNALS OF PUBLIC AND COOPERATIVE ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2008
Vladislav VALENTINOV
ABSTRACT,:,This paper re-examines the non-distribution constraint as a key structural feature of non-profit organization. It argues that its traditional understanding as a trustworthiness-enhancing device is incomplete. This paper shows that the non-distribution constraint is also a reflection of the directly utility-enhancing character of involvement in non-profit firms for their key stakeholders. This alternative explanation allows one to solve the central puzzle of trustworthiness theory: why doesn't the non-distribution constraint destroy entrepreneurial motivation? Additionally, it helps one to understand the role of the non-distribution constraint in economic theories of non-profit organization that do not rely on trustworthiness theory. Finally, it enables one to logically integrate the different economic theories of non-profit organization. [source]

Revisiting Politicization: Political Advisers and Public Servants in Westminster Systems

GOVERNANCE, Issue 3 2008
CHRIS EICHBAUM
In recent times much has been made of the threat some argue is posed by political advisers to the impartiality of the Westminster civil service. Drawing on survey of senior New Zealand civil servants, this article examines the degree to which political advisers are perceived as a threat to civil service neutrality and describes the form taken by that threat as variously perceived. On the evidence reported, it is suggested that traditional understandings of "politicization" need to be reconceptualized if they are to fully account for the nature of the relationship between political and civil service advisers. To existing conceptions of politicization, therefore, the article proposes adding another: "administrative politicization," allowing for different gradations of politicization to be identified, and enabling a nuanced assessment of the nature and extent of a risk to civil service neutrality that, the data suggest, is not as great as is sometimes alleged. [source]

Cereals, Cities and the Birth of Europe: R.I. Moore's First European Revolution c.970,1215: A Review

JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS HISTORY, Issue 3 2002
John O. WardArticle first published online: 7 FEB 200
The First European Revolution c.970,1215 by R. I. Moore, Professor of History at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, challenges traditional understandings of the twelfth century, which have accorded perhaps undue significance to religious developments. Placing the period under study in a global chronological and geographical context, the book is very up to date but presents a generally difficult line of argument, an oblique rather than a descriptive reference to key events and developments, and displays a tendency to overemphasise French socioeconomic and political circumstances. Moore's book is nevertheless a landmark contribution, and no one will be able to say anything about European development in the timespan chosen without taking into account everything its author has argued. If convinced, the reader will go away satisfied that the period 970,1215 in European history was a decisive one, if not the most decisive one. [source]

Talking Cop: Discourses of Change and Policing Identities

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Issue 4 2003
Annette Davies
This paper presents empirical and theoretical analysis of the enactment of New Public Management (NPM) within the UK police service. It draws on empirical material gathered in a two-year study that explores the ways in which individual policing professionals have responded to, and received, the NPM discourse. Theoretically informed by a discursive approach to organizational analysis, the paper focuses on the new subject positions promoted within NPM that serve to challenge traditional understandings of policing organization and identities. The paper examines the implications of this for policies that promote community orientated policing (COP) and increased inter-agency partnership. The paper argues that the promotion of a more progressive form of policing, based on community orientation and equality principles, may struggle to gain legitimacy within the current performance regime that legitimizes a competitive masculine subjectivity, with its emphasis on crime fighting. [source]

Settlement history in the eastern Rub al-Khali: Preliminary Report of the Dubai Desert Survey (2006,2007)

ARABIAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND EPIGRAPHY, Issue 1 2009
Jesse Casana
Regional archaeological survey in desert areas of Dubai, U.A.E., has identified numerous archaeological sites in this rapidly changing landscape. Subsurface geophysical surveys have been undertaken in concert with surface collection and test excavation to document the extent and chronology of each site. Contrary to expectations that deserts were permanently abandoned following the end of the mid-Holocene pluvial phase around 4000 BC, two sites, Al-Ashoosh and Saruq al-Hadid, show evidence of substantial occupation during the late third and early first millennia respectively. These findings suggest that the Rub al-Khali supported human settlement much later than is generally thought, challenging traditional understandings of the region's cultural and environmental histories. [source]