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Traditional Practices (traditional + practice)
Selected AbstractsGuidelines for treatment of neonatal jaundice.ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 3 2001Is there a place for evidence-based medicine? Treatment of neonatal jaundice continues to be a controversial issue. Arguments that traditional practice results in over-treatment have led to the adoption of more liberal guidelines in some countries. The importation of liberal guidelines from one country to the next, however, is fraught with danger, because differences in epidemiology, sociology and healthcare delivery systems between countries may not be adequately reflected. The unreflected extension of liberalization to non-target groups of patients can expose the latter to significant risk. It is not clear that the evidence on which guidelines for treatment of neonatal jaundice are based satisfy the requirements for evidence-based medicine. Evidence of adequate quality may be hard to obtain. Conclusions: Introduction of more liberal guidelines for the treatment of neonatal jaundice, if at all contemplated, must be adapted to local circumstances, and any available evidence pertaining to local epidemiology, sociology and healthcare organization has to be carefully weighed and incorporated. The time is ripe for a joint international effort to secure adequate funding for basic and applied research within the mechanisms of bilirubin encephalopathy in the newborn. [source] Client-Situated Architectural Practice: Implications for Architectural EducationJOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION, Issue 1 2001Brian Schermer The rising proportion of architects who work as in-house employees of large client organizations represents an important shift in the pattern of architectural employment. Client-situated practice presents new challenges for architects that they do not otherwise face in more traditional work settings. This research attempts to provide, through a case study of one group of in-house architects, a fuller understanding of the nature of this form of work. The study uses a community of practice perspective to shed light on how the architects fit within the client's organizational structure and hierarchy, the practical actions and strategies of the architects and others who are involved in building design, and the material and social context in which the architectural work is situated. After comparison with traditional practice, this article offers suggestions for preparing students for this growing form of architectural employment. [source] The effect of delayed harvest on moisture content, insect damage, moulds and aflatoxin contamination of maize in Mayuge district of UgandaJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 15 2005Archileo N Kaaya Abstract Field drying is a traditional practice carried out by farmers in Uganda and it is one of those practices reported to affect the postharvest quality of maize. A study was therefore conducted to establish the effects of delayed harvest on moisture content, insect damage, moulds and aflatoxin contamination of maize in Mayuge district. Sixteen farmers were selected from Bayitambogwe sub-county, eight from each of the villages of Bugodi and Musita. Maize was sampled from each farmer's field in 2003B and 2004A seasons at harvest stages of physiological maturity and after delayed harvest for 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. Each sample was analysed for mould incidence, moisture content, insect damage and aflatoxin contamination. In each season, mould incidence, insect damage and aflatoxin levels significantly (P < 0.05) increased with delayed time of harvest. Moisture content reduced with delayed harvest time but the maize did not dry to the required safe storage moisture content of ,15%. Seasonal effects were only significant for moisture content: the 2003B crop had consistently lower moisture content than 2004A crop. These results indicate that, for improved harvest quality of maize, farmers should harvest no later than 3 weeks after maize has attained physiological maturity. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Ingestion of multiple veterinary drugs and associated impact on vulture health: implications of livestock carcass elimination practicesANIMAL CONSERVATION, Issue 6 2009G. Blanco Abstract Veterinary drugs present in livestock carcasses may be ingested by scavengers and may cause important declines in their populations, as reported for diclofenac in Asia. Drug content of carcasses may depend on the prevailing livestock operations and legal regulations for carcass elimination. In Spain, the main stronghold of vultures in Europe, legal measures to mitigate the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) have caused the lack or scarcity of unstabled livestock carcasses available for avian scavengers, and the parallel increase in use of dumps of livestock carcasses supplied by farms, especially of intensively medicated pigs and poultry. We evaluated temporal trends in the presence and concentration of antibiotics and other veterinary drugs, and their associated health impacts on three vulture species, due to the ban of abandoning unstabled livestock carcasses in the countryside since the BSE crisis. An increasing presence and concentration of antibiotics since the BSE crisis, and residues of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) and four anti-parasitics were found in the vultures. Quinolones were associated with infection by opportunistic pathogens in the three species and with generalized damage to internal organs in the cinereous vulture, but no clear health impacts of NSAIDs and anti-parasitics were found. Given that there is no evidence of BSE transmission risk due to the abandonment of unstabled livestock carcasses in the countryside, this traditional practice in the Mediterranean region should be legalized in order to increase the availability, dispersion and quality of food for threatened scavengers. Once legalized, this practice should be prioritized over the spatially concentrated disposal of large amounts of carcasses from medicated stabled livestock to reduce the risk and effects of drug ingestion and acquisition and transmission of pathogens by vultures. [source] Governance and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa: rethinking best practices in migration managementINTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 190 2006Thanh-Dam Truong This article explores the interface between migration and human trafficking in sub-Saharan Africa fromthe two angles of governance and poverty. A salient feature in the emerging frameworks of migration management is its implicit bifurcated vision of mobility. Trade-connected mobility is well protected by government rules whereas mobility to sustain livelihoods is subject to a punitive regime with a limited scope for resolving the discrepancy between the legal and social interpretations of human rights and well-being. The rise of migration by women, children and young people within and outside traditional practices under risky conditions may reflect deeper structural transformations than are commonly acknowledged by policy-makers. Reactions based on human rights concerns have contributed to new international, regional and national legislative frameworks for preventing abusive and exploitative practices in migration. The prevalence of glaring differences of interests in the variant policy approaches to all these issues , migration management, crime control, labour standards, poverty reduction and the particular needs of communities at risk , requires the concept of best practices to address the relationship between dominant forms of social knowledge and the policy field to situate and tackle issues of rights violation in different scales of governance and their interrelationships. [source] Conservation of forage resources for increasing livestock production in traditional forage reserves in TanzaniaAFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 2008A. J. Mwilawa Abstract Traditional reserved pastures namely ,Olopololi/Alalili' for Maasai, ,Ngitili' for Sukuma and ,Milaga' for Gogo have been in use among the pastoral and agropastoral communities for many years. These reserves provide dry season feed for ruminant livestock especially cattle, sheep and goats. Apart from the provision of forage materials, these reserves provide fuel wood, construction material and medicinal plants. These traditional forage conservation practices also contribute to soil conservation and forage species biodiversity. However, studies conducted in these traditional forage reserves at Tingatinga (Maasai), Makang'wa (Gogo) and in Mwamishali/Mwanyanhina (Sukuma) in Tanzania show limitations of the reserves especially, in providing adequate dry matter and proteins for both maintenance and production of livestock. Nevertheless, there are opportunities for improvement on these traditional practices through introduction of improved grasses, legumes and tree/shrub species as well as proper maintenance of the superior local species and cultivars. [source] Maternity waiting homes in Southern Lao PDR: The unique ,silk home'JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH (ELECTRONIC), Issue 5 2008Elizabeth Eckermann Abstract The concept of maternity waiting homes (MWH) has a long history spanning over 100 years. The research reported here was conducted in the Thateng District of Sekong Province in southern Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) to establish whether the MWH concept would be affordable, accessible, and most importantly acceptable, as a strategy to improve maternal outcomes in the remote communities of Thateng with a high proportion of the population from ethnic minority groups. The research suggested that there were major barriers to minority ethnic groups using existing maternal health services (reflected in very low usage of trained birth attendants and hospitals and clinics) in Thateng. Unless MWH are adapted to overcome these potential barriers, such initiatives will suffer the same fate as existing maternal facilities. Consequently, the Lao iteration of the concept, as operationalized in the Silk Homes project in southern Lao PDR is unique in combining maternal and infant health services with opportunities for micro credit and income generating activities and allowing non-harmful traditional practices to co-exist alongside modern medical protocols. These innovative approaches to the MWH concept address the major economic, social and cultural barriers to usage of safe birthing options in remote communities of southern Lao PDR. [source] Front and Back Covers, Volume 25, Number 3.ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY, Issue 3 2009June 200 Front & back cover caption, volume 25 issue 3 Front & back cover HERITAGE PROTECTION Created in the aftermath of World War II, UNESCO was mandated to engage in a worldwide educational campaign aimed at establishing the conditions for lasting peace. This involved working out and disseminating a new world view based on a revised conception of human diversity. The founders of UNESCO argued that prejudice relating to human diversity is the main cause of war, and hoped that a radical modification of the existing vision of that diversity would help to guarantee of peace. Over the 60 years of its history UNESCO's doctrine has been subject to numerous modifications. Initially, cultural diversity was often described in terms of unequal economic progress and presented as an obstacle to be overcome. But in the 1960s ,progress', and the resulting cultural homogenization, began to be considered a major threat to human diversity, particularly diversity of culture. Co-ordinated by UNESCO, the international salvage of the Abu Simbel temples, threatened with submersion in Lake Nasser, became a symbol of a new moral obligation, incumbent upon all humans, to safeguard a common ,world heritage' (exemplified in the images on the back and front covers of this issue). Over the last decade, the notion of common heritage of humanity has been extended to all expressions of cultural traditions, thought to be endangered by the deleterious effects of globalization. UNESCO has chosen to put its support behind local identities and the right of the minorities to conserve their traditional differences. Alongside the principle of the equality of individuals, UNESCO now also upholds the equality of cultures, suggesting that the charter of human rights needs to be supplemented by a charter of cultural rights. The major challenge to UNESCO's current ideology is the compatibility of universal human rights with particular cultural rights. If all traditions deserve to be protected, should this privilege be bestowed equally on masterpieces of the past as on traditional practices. Wearing the burqa need not be controversial, but what about practices like genital mutilation or ,honour killings'? As Wiktor Stoczkowski argues in his article, such issues are intensely anthropological challenges deserving our attention. [source] Cultural health beliefs in a rural family practice: A Malaysian perspectiveAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 1 2006Kamil M. Ariff Abstract Background:, Understanding the sociocultural dimension of a patient's health beliefs is critical to a successful clinical encounter. Malaysia with its multi-ethnic population of Malay, Chinese and Indian still uses many forms of traditional health care in spite of a remarkably modern rural health service. Objective:, The objective of this paper is discuss traditional health care in the context of some of the cultural aspects of health beliefs, perceptions and practices in the different ethnic groups of the author's rural family practices. This helps to promote communication and cooperation between doctors and patients, improves clinical diagnosis and management, avoids cultural blind spots and unnecessary medical testing and leads to better adherence to treatment by patients. Discussion:, Includes traditional practices of ,hot and cold', notions of Yin-Yang and Ayurveda, cultural healing, alternative medicine, cultural perception of body structures and cultural practices in the context of women's health. Modern and traditional medical systems are potentially complementary rather than antagonistic. Ethnic and cultural considerations can be integrated further into the modern health delivery system to improve care and health outcomes. [source] Reformulating tradition and modernity: Moroccan migrant women and the transnational division of ritual spaceGLOBAL NETWORKS, Issue 3 2002Ruba Salih In this article I analyse the rituals that transnational migrants who live and work in Europe (mainly Italy) perform in Morocco during their return there for summer holidays. The transnational dimension of rituals and ceremonies reveals the diverse ways in which Moroccan families gain social recognition across transnational space. I explore how migrants construct and display their identities contextually and in opposition to multiple Others. By performing the traditional rituals associated with important turning points in their lives in Morocco, migrants seek to reintegrate themselves and maintain their membership of their community of origin. At the same time, however, these performances bring to the surface a hidden agenda: the assertion and exhibition of migrants' differences with respect to those who have stayed behind. These rituals, which provide a perspective through which to analyse the intersection of global and local interconnections, also reveal complex and shifting interpretations of ,tradition' and ,modernity', and the practices in which these are embedded. I conclude by suggesting that, in this process, migrants develop a creative interplay with ,traditional practices' by subverting, reformulating and giving new creative shape to their meaning and content. [source] | ||||||||||||||||