Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Tradition
Kinds of Tradition Selected AbstractsFROM IDEAS TO CONCEPTS TO METAPHORS: THE GERMAN TRADITION OF INTELLECTUAL HISTORY AND THE COMPLEX FABRIC OF LANGUAGEHISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 2 2010ELÍAS JOSÉ PALTI ABSTRACT Recently, the diffusion of the so-called "new intellectual history" led to the dismissal of the old school of the "history of ideas" on the basis of its ahistorical nature (the view of ideas as eternal entities). This formulation is actually misleading, missing the core of the transformation produced in the field. It is not true that the history of ideas simply ignored the fact that the meaning of ideas changes over time. The issue at stake here is really not how ideas changed (the mere description of the semantic transformation they underwent historically), but rather why they do. The study of the German tradition of intellectual history serves in this essay as a basis to illustrate the meaning and significance of the recent turn from ideas as its object. In the process of trying to account for the source of contingency of conceptual formations, it will open our horizon to the complex nature of the ways by which we invest the world with meaning. That is, it will disclose the presence of different layers of symbolic reality lying beneath the surface level of "ideas," and analyze their differential nature and functions. It will also show the reasons for the ultimate failure of the "history of ideas" approach, why discourses can never achieve their vocation to constitute themselves as self-enclosed, rationally integrated systems, thereby expelling contingency from their realm. In sum, it will show why historicity is not merely something that comes to intellectual history from without (as a by-product of social history or as the result of the action of an external agent), as the history of ideas assumed, but is a constitutive dimension of it. [source] REJECTING THE DEATH PENALTY: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN THE TRADITIONTHE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 3 2008E. CHRISTIAN BRUGGER First page of article [source] THE COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE OF EARLY MEDIEVAL COLOURED WINDOW GLASS FROM SION (VALAIS, SWITZERLAND),A ROMAN GLASS-MAKING TRADITION OR INNOVATIVE CRAFTSMANSHIP?*ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 2 2005S. WOLF Archaeological excavations between 1984 and 2001 at the early Christian cemetery church in Sion, Sous-le-Scex (Rhône Valley, Switzerland), brought to light more than 400 pieces of coloured window glass dating from the fifth or sixth centuries ad. The aims of this paper are threefold: first, to characterize the shape, colour and chemical composition of the glass; secondly, to understand whether the production of the coloured window panes followed traditional Roman glazing techniques or was of a more innovative nature; and, thirdly, to provide some indications as to the overall design of these early ornamental glass windows. Forty samples of coloured glass have been analysed by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The results of the chemical and the technological studies showed that most of the glass was produced using recycled glass, particularly as a colouring agent. Some of the glass was made of essentially unmodified glass of the Levantine I type. The results taken together seem to confirm that raw glass from this region was widely traded and used between the fourth and seventh centuries ad. The artisans at Sion were apparently still making use of the highly developed techniques of Roman glass production. The colour spectrum, manufacture and design of the windows, however, suggest that they represent early examples of ornamental coloured glass windows. [source] A TRIUMPH OF TRADITION by Luke SysonART HISTORY, Issue 3 2009Diana Norman First page of article [source] INTERPRETATIONS OF YANG (?) IN THE YIJING (????) COMMENTARIAL TRADITIONSJOURNAL OF CHINESE PHILOSOPHY, Issue 2 2008DENNIS CHI-HSIUNG CHENG [source] CREATIVITY AND EVOLVING CONFUCIAN TRADITIONS: SOME REFLECTIONS ON EARLIER CENTURIES AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTSJOURNAL OF CHINESE PHILOSOPHY, Issue 2 2006HOYT CLEVELAND TILLMAN [source] HISTORICAL TRADITIONS OF CIVICNESS AND LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT,JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 4 2010Guido De Blasio ABSTRACT The paper investigates the importance of history for local economic performance in Italy by studying the role of social capital, which refers to trust, reciprocity and habits of co-operation that are shared among members of a local community. The paper presents a test based on worker productivity, entrepreneurship, and female labor market participation. Using as instruments regional differences in civic involvement in the late 19th century and local systems of government in the middle ages, it shows that social capital does have economic effects. [source] TRADITIONS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Issue 3 2009KEVIN ORR This article explores local government traditions in the UK. This task is an important one for scholars who wish to understand and appreciate the rich cultural complexity of local government organizations. In local government settings, traditions can be used in the study and evaluation of political and managerial practices. They provide lenses through which the routines, structures and processes of management and politics may be viewed. The delineation of multiple traditions heightens the sense that local government is not a unified homogeneous organizational entity, but rather a melange of voices, interests and assumptions about how to organize, prioritize and mobilize action. They can be used to engage practitioners with the idea that different traditions inform political and managerial practices and processes in local councils. The approach embraces the significance of participants' constitutive stories about local government rather than the search for essential truths about the politics and management of the public sector. [source] No Going Back to TraditionCONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2004ED GRUMBINE No abstract is available for this article. [source] Breaking from Tradition: Market Research, Consumer Needs, and Design FuturesDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 1 2006Rachel Cooper Professor First page of article [source] Ecological Theology: Roots in Tradition, Liturgical and Ethical Practice for TodayDIALOG, Issue 3 2003Rosemary Radford Ruether Abstract Often it is claimed that themes occasionally present in Christianity such as anthropocentrism, ecological alienation, and redemption as a world-escaping disembodied immortality, translated directly into large-scale abuse of nature and subsequent ecological crisis. Such a view is too simplistic, however. Instead the present environmental and ecological crisis may be primarily traced to cultural, economic, and technological developments of the last 500 years. Indeed, within Christian monasticism, ecofeminism, covenantal ethics, and cosmic christology, one finds ample resources for the transformation of human attitudes towards nature and a brighter ecological future. [source] Tradition as a governing theme in the writings of John CassianEARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE, Issue 2 2008Augustine Casiday John Cassian has been criticized in recent scholarship for historical inaccuracy , but it is not self-evident that his works were intended as histories in the sense that is supposed by that criticism. Instead, Cassian presents himself as the promoter of key traditions. This paper describes of Cassian's own thinking about ,tradition' as a key theme in his works. To that end, it aims to redress scholarly misgivings about the worth of Cassian's writings by taking them as the transmission of identifiable traditions into early to mid-fifth-century Gaul (rather than as documentary evidence for late fourth-century Egyptian monasticism). [source] Mortuary Rituals in Japan: The Hegemony of Tradition and the Motivations of IndividualsETHOS, Issue 3 2006Yohko Tsuji Despite rapid social change, traditional mortuary rituals persist in contemporary Japan, and most Japanese ascribe their continuous compliance with tradition to cultural hegemony. In this article, I explore various other motivational forces behind their actions and illustrates how external pressures and individuals' internal motivations are intricately intertwined to generate human behavior. To do so, I consider the social and personal significance of Japanese funerals, examining rituals not only as an embodiment of sociocultural order but also as a culturally prescribed means to legitimize individuals' actions and define their identity. I also demonstrate the multiplicity and fluidity of cultural discourse and the malleability of tradition as well as individuals' active roles in perpetuating and altering mortuary tradition. Primary data were gathered from participant-observation research in Japan since 1988. [funerals, gift exchange, culture and the individual, motivations, identity, Japan] [source] Sitting in Silence: Self, Emotion, and Tradition in the Genesis of a Charismatic MinistryETHOS, Issue 4 2001Assistant Professor Albert Schrauwers David Willson was the charismatic leader of a small Utopian Quaker sect, the Children of Peace (1812,89), who prophesied a millenarian transformation of the British empire. This article examines the confluence of social forces and historical conditions that made this charismatic ministry possible. Following Csordas, the emphasis is placed on the means by which followership is created, rather than on the personality of the leader. I argue that Willson's charismatic leadership was predicated upon inculcating a distinctive habitus, on shaping and molding cultural conceptions of self and of emotion, which create the distinctive disposition to obey infollowers. A "theology of mind" was critical to Willson's ministry, and the culturally and historically distinctive emotions and dispositions it described were inculcated in the communal ritual practice of "sitting in silence." [source] Work and Employment in Small Businesses: Perpetuating and Challenging Gender TraditionsGENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 1 2000Susan Baines More and more women and men are becoming dependent on some form of small business activity for all or part of their livelihoods but there is little research offering insight into gender and working practices in small businesses. In this article we assess some theoretical approaches and discuss these against an empirical investigation of micro-firms run by women, men and mixed sex partnerships. In the ,entrepreneurship' literature, with its emphasis on the individual business owner, we find little guidance. We argue that in the ,modern' micro-business, family and work are brought into proximity as in the ,in between' organizational form described by Weber. The celebrated ,flexibility' of small firms often involves the reproduction within modernity of seemingly pre-modern practices in household organization and gender divisions of labour. This is true in the Britain of the 1990s in a growing business sector normally associated neither with tradition nor with the family. Tradition, however, is never automatic or uncontested in a ,post-traditional society'. A minority of women and men in micro-enterprises actively resist traditional solutions and even traditional imagery of male and female behaviour. For this small group alone new economic conditions seem to bring new freedom. [source] ,,von der Unmöglichkeit der Gegenwart': Geschlecht, Generation und Nation in Petzolds Die Innere Sicherheit und Sanders-Brahms' Deutschland, Bleiche MutterGERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS, Issue 2 2009Stefanie Hofer ABSTRACT Christian Petzold gehört zur Berliner Schule, die sich gern als Gegenbewegung zum deutschen Kommerzkino versteht und der deshalb Parallelen zum Neuen Deutschen Film nachgesagt werden. Ein Vergleich zwischen Petzolds Die innere Sicherheit (2000) und Sanders-Brahms' Deutschland, bleiche Mutter (1980) wird jedoch aufzeigen, dass fundamentale Unterschiede in der Bedeutung bestehen, die der (cineastischen) Erinnerung beigemessen werden. Besonders anschaulich lässt sich dieser Gegensatz am Generationenverständnis ablesen. In Deutschland, bleiche Mutter sorgt , typisch für feministische Filme des Neuen Deutschen Kinos , intergenerationelle Kommunikation und die aktive Aufarbeitung der (konfliktreichen) Vergangenheit für die Subjektwerdung. Gleichzeitig hinterfragt der Film traditionelle Generationenvorstellungen, die die ödipale Rebellion favorisieren, und gesellschaftliche Konventionen, die die Unterdrückung der Frau befürworten. In Petzolds Terroristendrama ist es dagegen der Generationenkonflikt, der gesellschaftlichen Wandel vorantreibt. Nicht die Auseinandersetzung mit der Vergangenheit, sondern der Bruch mit ihr ist für die persönliche und soziale Identitätsentwicklung verantwortlich. Folglich favorisiert Die innere Sicherheit ein psychoanalytisches und soziologisches Generationenverständnis, das , im Gegensatz zur (feministischen) Tradition des Neuen Deutschen Films , eine erstaunlich patriarchalische Prägung aufweist. [source] The English Country House Chapel: Building a Protestant Tradition , By Annabel RickettsHISTORY, Issue 317 2010JEREMY GREGORY No abstract is available for this article. [source] Kabbalah: A Medieval Tradition and Its Contemporary AppealHISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 2 2008Hava Tirosh-Samuelson Popular culture today is suffused with kabbalah, an elitist, intellectual strand of medieval Judaism that claimed to disclose the esoteric meaning of the rabbinic tradition. While rooted in esoteric speculations in late antiquity, kabbalah emerged in the tenth century as an internal debate among Jewish theologians about the ontological status of divine attributes. At the end of the twelfth century speculations about the nature of God emerged among the Pietists of Germany and the ,masters of kabbalah' in Provence. During the thirteenth century kabbalah flourished in Spain where its self-understanding as redemptive activity was expressed in two paradigms , the ,theosophy-theurgic' and the ,ecstatic-prophetic'. Kabbalah continued to evolve in the early modern period, shaping both Jewish and European cultures. The modern period saw the rise of the academic study of kabbalah, but it was employed in two conflicting manners: in the nineteenth century scholars associated with the Enlightenment used historical analysis of kabbalah to debunk Jewish traditionalism, but in the first half of the twentieth century, the academic study of kabbalah was used to generate a secular, collective Zionist identity. Although scholarship on kabbalah has flourished in the twentieth century, kabbalah has become a variant of New-Age religions, accessible to all, regardless of ethnic identity or spiritual readiness. [source] Radical Orthodoxy and the Reformed Tradition: Creation, Covenant, and Participation , Edited by James K.A. Smith and James H. OlthuisINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Chris Hackett First page of article [source] Revelation, Scripture and Tradition: Some Comments on John Webster's Conception of ,Holy Scripture'INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Issue 4 2004Gavin D'Costa I argue that finally Webster's arguments fall short of what he wants to preserve: that in holy scripture we are confronted by God's Word, interpreted through his Spirit. It falls short precisely because the authoritative role of tradition is underplayed. Internal to Webster's argument the conceptual priority of sanctification to inspiration is called into question. I approach this criticism of Webster from a close inspection of his treatment of the Roman Catholic position on the matter. [source] Tradition and Sacred TextsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Robert Murray It places a particular stress on the central place of liturgy in this relationship. It then compares Catholic views with those of the Eastern Orthodox, noting particularly what Syrian exegesis has to teach Western readers, and with those of Protestant and Anglican Christianity. It then addresses the claims of the heirs of tradition, believers, to be interpreters of scripture vis-à-vis scientific biblical scholarship, concluding that they have great advantages in sympathy and imagination in entering into dialogue with the texts. [source] Tradition and Reason: Two Uses of Reason, Critical and ContemplativeINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Fergus Kerr This twofold appropriation of reason sets the stage for this article, a stage occupied in turn by Newman and by Aquinas. The critical function of theological work is expressed via the 1877 preface which Newman wrote for his Lectures on the Prophetic Office of the Church. The critical office of theology is vital not only to the practice of theology itself but to the liturgical and spiritual life of the church, and to the exercise of church leadership if that leadership is not to descend into tyranny. For the theologian, reason is not antithetical to contemplation; rather, contemplation includes a form of reasoning. Theology is ,a schooling in the discipline of contemplating the self-revealing God', a discipline of ,metaphysical ascesis' which compels both intellectual conversion and moral practice. Such an ascesis was practised well by Aquinas, and Kerr reflects on the Summa Theologiae as ,a training in a form of metaphysical reasoning', being schooled in the knowledge of God which strips away our ,idolatorous inclinations'. [source] John Wesley's Doctrine of Grace in Light of the Christian TraditionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Ralph Del Colle This ecumenically minded article explores Wesley's understanding of grace both in its relation to experience , inward religion , and in relation to his doctrines of justification and sanctification. Wesley's treatments of justification and sanctification are compared to those of Luther, Calvin and Trent. His unique and ecumenical blending of traditions allowed Wesley to develop a doctrine of grace which offers significant resources to contemporary understandings of Christian life and practice. [source] Treading on Tradition: Approaches to Teaching International Relations to the Nontraditional UndergraduateINTERNATIONAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVES, Issue 1 2002Nancy E. Wright Nontraditional undergraduates (NTUs), undergraduates who typically are older than average, work full-time, and/or are entrusted with substantial family responsibilities, pose a special challenge to international relations educators. Severe constraints on time and access to library facilities both impede progress and may give an erroneous impression that NTUs are not as committed to their education as more conventional college undergraduates. The lack of continuity in education that typifies the NTU experience often manifests itself in anxiety, frustration, and gaps in fundamental knowledge. At the same time, the maturity and sophistication that come with life experience often far exceed that of the more conventional college student. Furthermore, typical requirements of international relations and international studies majors, such as second and third language proficiency, internships with international organizations, and overseas study are often not feasible for the working student with family responsibilities. Possibilities for meeting the challenges of teaching NTUs include greater use of open-book examinations, research proposals, case studies, simulations, problem-based learning (PBL), use of the Internet, and the development of short-term intensive overseas study opportunities that accommodate the working student's schedule. [source] The Spiritual Turn and the Decline of Tradition: The Spread of Post-Christian Spirituality in 14 Western Countries, 1981,2000JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION, Issue 3 2007DICK HOUTMAN This article uses data from the World Values Survey to study the spread of post-Christian spirituality ("New Age") in 14 Western countries (1981,2000, N = 61,352). It demonstrates that this type of spirituality, characterized by a sacralization of the self, has become more widespread during the period 1981,2000 in most of these countries. It has advanced farthest in France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Sweden. This spiritual turn proves a byproduct of the decline of traditional moral values and hence driven by cohort replacement. Spirituality's popularity among the well educated also emerges from the latter's low levels of traditionalism. These findings confirm the theory of detraditionalization, according to which a weakening of the grip of tradition on individual selves stimulates a spiritual turn to the deeper layers of the self. [source] Innovative Returns to Tradition: Using Core Teachings as the Foundation for Innovative AccommodationJOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION, Issue 1 2004Roger Finke This article argues that religious groups sustain organizational vitality by preserving core teachings and promoting adaptive innovations. The core teachings guard the sacred beliefs and practices held as timeless, and the innovations adapt these teachings to new cultures and contexts,with the most successful innovations building on the core. Using organizational theory and previous research, I explain how core teachings sustain vitality and I uncover the organizational mechanisms stimulating and blocking innovations. Historical examples are used to illustrate how denominations struggle to preserve the continuity of distinctive core teachings and promote adaptive innovations. Finally, I discuss the implications this thesis holds for the study of American religion, both past and present. [source] Exploring the Concept of Causal Power in a Critical Realist TraditionJOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, Issue 1 2007TUUKKA KAIDESOJA ABSTRACT This article analyses and evaluates the uses of the concept of causal power in the critical realist tradition, which is based on Roy Bhaskar's philosophy of science. The concept of causal power that appears in the early works of Rom Harré and his associates is compared to Bhaskar's account of this concept and its uses in the critical realist social ontology. It is argued that the concept of emergence should be incorporated to any adequate notion of causal power. The concept of emergence used in Bhaskar and other critical realists' works is shown to be ambiguous. It is also pointed out that the concept of causal power should be analysed in an anti-essentialist way. Ontological and methodological problems that vitiate Bhaskar's transcendental account of the concept of causal power are examined. Moreover, it is argued that the applications of the concept of causal power to mental powers, reasons, and social structures in the critical realist social ontology are problematic. The paper shows how these problems might be avoided without giving up the concept of causal power and the notion of structural social causation. [source] Inquiring into the Primary Model: Yi Jing and the Onto-Hermeneutical Tradition*JOURNAL OF CHINESE PHILOSOPHY, Issue 3-4 2003Chung-Ying Cheng [source] On Thanksgiving and Collective Memory: Constructing the American TraditionJOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY, Issue 3 2002Amy Adamczyk Relying on the approach by Maurice Halbwachs who argued that collective memory is based on contemporary interests and concerns, this article shows how Thanksgiving has changed over time in accordance with the ideas of the day. Aspects of the analysis support Barry Schwartz's theory that commemoration reflects the historical past. Similar to the pilgrims' celebration, many people commemorate Thanksgiving by, for example, feasting and praying. But in contrast to Schwartz's thought, this paper also shows that there are other elements of traditions that have minimal connection with the original event. Forms of commemoration like the Macy's Day Parade challenge the idea that commemoration and celebration contain some connection to the initial occasion. In general, the findings lend support to historical research and theories that implement social constructionist approaches. [source] Keeping a Tradition by Looking ForwardJOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING, Issue 2 2007Joseph C. Masdeu M.D., Ph.D. Editor No abstract is available for this article. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||