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Trade Disputes (trade + dispute)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting57%
Humanities and Social Sciences42%

Selected Abstracts

The Economics of Trade Disputes, the GATT's Article XXIII, and the WTO's Dispute Settlement Understanding

ECONOMICS & POLITICS, Issue 3 2002
Chad P. Bown
Economic theory has yet to provide a convincing argument that can explain why the threat of retaliation under the GATT/WTO dispute settlement procedures is not sufficient to prevent countries from violating the agreement. We consider the question of why countries violate the agreed,upon rules in the face of explicit provisions which allow them to legally adjust their trade policy. Using the GATT/WTO institutional structure and the guiding principle of reciprocity, we provide a theory suggesting when countries will choose to implement protection in violation of GATT/WTO rules, as opposed to under the relevant safeguards provisions, when trade policy adjustments are necessary between "negotiating rounds." [source]

Trade Balance: Numbers Can be Deceiving

CHINA AND WORLD ECONOMY, Issue 3 2006
Yuefen Li
F15; F23; O11 Abstract Trade disputes have become more prevalent and acute in recent years. Almost all center on bilateral trade balance and/or market access of certain merchandise or services. However, since at least the mid 1980s, affiliate sales have become a more direct and more powerful form of market access than the traditional cross-border commercial transactions for developed countries, whereas developing countries still rely predominantly on traditional trade. The importance of the international production supply chain is increasing with a bias against downstream producers. The current data collection and compilation system of trade balance can not reflect these changes in the world economic environment. It overstates exports of developing countries and understates their imports. None of the countries in the world can illustrate the weakness of the conventional system better than China. (Edited by Zhinan Zhang) [source]

European Trade Diplomacy and the Politics of Global Development: Reflections on the EU,China ,Bra Wars' Dispute

GOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION, Issue 2 2007
Tony Heron
The article analyses the so-called ,bra wars' trade dispute that took place between the EU and China in 2005. This dispute raised a number of important questions linked, not only to the textiles and clothing (T&C) trade regime, but to the broader conduct of the EU in relation to the developing world. Over the years, the EU has attempted to construct a discourse towards developing countries that has sought to articulate a distinctively ,European' approach to issues like preferential trade, equitable growth, poverty reduction and so on. This article thus centres on the broader analytical question raised by ,bra wars': namely, the mounting incongruity between the theory and practice of the development policies of the EU. [source]

Sowing the Seeds of Progress: The Agricultural Biotechnology Debate in Africa

HISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 2 2008
Noah Zerbe
Recent innovations in agricultural biotechnology raise a number of questions for the future of farming in both the developed and developing worlds. Conflicting international agreements, particularly tensions between the World Trade Organization's Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity, provoke debates between farmers, plant breeders, and indigenous communities over the extent of ownership rights in genetic resources. Further, trade disputes between the United States and the European Union help to shape the terrain on which biotechnology is developed. The future of agricultural biotechnology in Africa is largely a function of the outcome of these debates. [source]

Invisible Borders: Economic Liberalization and National Identity

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2000
Patricia M. Goff
Various developments in the post,WWII global economy have led many scholars of international relations to contend that borders are eroding. My argument takes issue with this, suggesting that borders are not becoming increasingly meaningless; instead, some states are working to endow them with meaning in innovative ways. Specifically, I examine the trade disputes over culture industries during recent GATT and NAFTA talks to demonstrate that some states are shifting their attention from territorial borders to conceptual or invisible borders. Many governments support the removal of borders that serve as barriers to the movement of goods, services, capital, information, and, in some cases, people. Nevertheless, these same governments resist the increasing permeability of borders that provide the boundaries of political community. [source]

Comparative Advantage in Demand: Experimental Evidence of Preferences for Genetically Modified Food in the United States and European Union

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2006
Jayson L. Lusk
Q130; Q170; Q180; C190 Abstract The United States (US) exports more than US$6 billion in agricultural commodities to the European Union(EU) each year, but one issue carries the potential to diminish this trade: use of biotechnology in food production. The EU has adopted more stringent policies towards biotechnology than the US. Understanding differences in European and American policies towards genetically modified (GM) foods requires a greater understanding of consumers' attitudes and preferences. This paper reports results from the first large-scale, cross-Atlantic study to analyse consumer demand for genetically modified food in a non-hypothetical market environment. We strongly reject the frequent if convenient assumption in trade theory that consumer preferences are identical across countries: the median level of compensation demanded by English and French consumers to consume a GM food is found to be more than twice that in any of the US locations. Results have important implications for trade theory, which typically focuses on differences in specialization, comparative advantage and factor endowments across countries, and for on-going trade disputes at the World Trade Organization. [source]

Market integration and convergence to the law of one price in the North American onion markets

AGRIBUSINESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2008
Dwi Susanto
The North American agricultural markets have become much more integrated; but the level of integration varies across sectors and over time. Differential tariff phasing-out periods and remaining trade disputes are two of many factors contributing to this. This article applies panel data unit root tests to study price convergence and market integration in the North American onion markets. Commodity and variety monthly base price data for the period of 1998 to 2006 are used. Empirical results decisively suggest the existence of price convergence across markets as well as onion varieties. A two-sample period analysis shows an increase in the speed of price convergence over time, suggesting deeper market integration as NAFTA was fully implemented. Further analysis based on a two-country-market basis found that U.S.,Canadian markets have experienced deeper market integration compared with U.S.,Mexican markets as well as Canadian,Mexican markets. [EconLit citations: F150, Q170]. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]