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Trauma Research (trauma + research)
Selected AbstractsTowards an Australian institute of trauma research: learning the lessons of historyANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 12 2001Eric C. Wigglesworth AM Although medical research in Australia in the 20th century has resulted in a reduction of approximately 95% in the death rate from the infectious and parasitic diseases, there has been no such beneficial outcome in road traffic accidents which, it is here suggested, were out of control from 1948 until 1970. In 1970 several concerned community groups (spearheaded by the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons) campaigned for the introduction of mandatory seat belt wearing. As a consequence of that initiative, and the virtual plethora of subsequent research activities, the road traffic accident rate has declined substantially in the last three decades. The death rate from drownings to toddlers (children under 5) was essentially unchanged until the 1970s when research into toddler pool deaths and the implementation of those research findings resulted in a downturn in toddler drownings in the last two decades. These two examples demonstrate the value of accident research and the implementation of research findings. By analogy with the contributions of the large medical research institutes, the creation of an Australian Institute of Trauma Research seems desirable and is here proposed. [source] Latent difference score approach to longitudinal trauma researchJOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS, Issue 6 2006Lynda A. King In this article, the authors introduce a latent difference score (LDS) approach to analyzing longitudinal data in trauma research. The LDS approach accounts for internal sources of change in an outcome variable, including the influence of prior status on subsequent levels of that variable and the tendency for individuals to experience natural change (e.g., a natural decrease in posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptoms over time). Under traditional model assumptions, the LDSs are maximally reliable and therefore less likely to introduce biases into model testing. The authors illustrate the method using a sample of children who experienced significant burns or other injuries to examine potential influences (i.e., age of child,adolescent at time of trauma and ongoing family strains) on PTSD symptom severity over time. [source] Measuring and modeling the social and geographic context of trauma: A multilevel modeling approachJOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS, Issue 2 2006Ichiro Kawachi Increasingly it is recognized that health and illness are products of individual level risk and protective factors, as well as forces operating at contextual levels. In this article, we present the motivation and rationale for understanding trauma within its context. We use the example of the concept of social capital to illustrate the relevance of the contextual approach for trauma research and outline a multilevel modeling approach to examining contextual influences on trauma outcomes. [source] Participation in trauma research: Is there evidence of harm?JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS, Issue 3 2003Michael G. Griffin Abstract Few studies have examined the impact of trauma research participation upon trauma survivors. Empirical data regarding reactions to research participation would be very useful to address the question of whether it is harmful for trauma survivors to participate in trauma studies. We examined participant reactions to different trauma assessment procedures in domestic violence (N = 260), rape (N = 108), and physical assault (N = 62) samples. Results indicated that participation was very well tolerated by the vast majority of the trauma survivors. Participants generally found that the assessment experience was not distressing and was, in fact, viewed as an interesting and valuable experience. The findings suggest that trauma survivors are not too fragile to participate in trauma research even in the acute aftermath of a traumatic experience. [source] Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Part III: Health Effects of Interpersonal Violence Among WomenPERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHIATRIC CARE, Issue 3 2006K. M. Hegadoren RN TOPIC.,The aim of this three-part series is to examine the sufficiency of the posttraumatic stress (PTSD) diagnostic construct to capture the full spectrum of human responses to psychological trauma. Part I (Lasiuk & Hegadoren, 2006a) reviewed the conceptual history of PTSD from the nineteenth century to its inclusion in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1980), while Part II (Lasiuk & Hegadoren, 2006b) described subsequent refinements to the original PTSD diagnostic criteria and highlighted subsequent controversies. PURPOSE.,This paper focuses on interpersonal violence (sexual, physical, and emotional abuse/assault) and its sequelae in women. We argue in support of Judith Herman's (1992) conceptualization of the human trauma response as a spectrum, anchored at one end by an acute stress reaction that resolves on its own without treatment, and on the other by "complex" PTSD, with "classic" or "simple" PTSD somewhere between the two. SOURCES OF INFORMATION.,The existing theoretical, clinical and research literatures related to humans responses to trauma. CONCLUSION.,The paper concludes with a call for the need to increase a gendered perspective in all aspects of trauma research and clinical service delivery. [source] Towards an Australian institute of trauma research: learning the lessons of historyANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 12 2001Eric C. Wigglesworth AM Although medical research in Australia in the 20th century has resulted in a reduction of approximately 95% in the death rate from the infectious and parasitic diseases, there has been no such beneficial outcome in road traffic accidents which, it is here suggested, were out of control from 1948 until 1970. In 1970 several concerned community groups (spearheaded by the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons) campaigned for the introduction of mandatory seat belt wearing. As a consequence of that initiative, and the virtual plethora of subsequent research activities, the road traffic accident rate has declined substantially in the last three decades. The death rate from drownings to toddlers (children under 5) was essentially unchanged until the 1970s when research into toddler pool deaths and the implementation of those research findings resulted in a downturn in toddler drownings in the last two decades. These two examples demonstrate the value of accident research and the implementation of research findings. By analogy with the contributions of the large medical research institutes, the creation of an Australian Institute of Trauma Research seems desirable and is here proposed. [source] | ||||||||||