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Tropical Deciduous Forest (tropical + deciduous_forest)

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Life Sciences100%

Selected Abstracts

Dry Season Den Use by Pygmy Spotted Skunk (Spilogale pygmaea) in a Tropical Deciduous Forest of Mexico

BIOTROPICA, Issue 3 2009
Lisette Cantú-Salazar
ABSTRACT Dry season den use by the pygmy spotted skunk Spilogale pygmaea, an endemic and threatened species of western Mexico, was evaluated at the micro and macrohabitat level, in the tropical deciduous forest of Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico. During the dry seasons of 1997, 1998, and 2000, 79 skunk den sites (29 for females and 50 males) were located using Radiotelemetry. Dens were underground excavations with one to five access points, located mostly on open ground or under live or dead trees. Skunks exhibited a continued reuse of dens but evidence of simultaneous occupation by two or more skunks was not found. Microhabitat den-site analysis showed that skunks showed flexibility and individual variation in usage of the microhabitat surrounding den sites inside the forest. Macrohabitat den-site analysis showed that skunks were not selecting either tropical deciduous or tropical semideciduous forest; however, no dens were located outside the forest in transformed habitats, strengthening the hypothesis of the association of this species with the tropical deciduous forests on the Pacific coast of Mexico. The current deforestation rates of the tropical deciduous forest in the coast of Jalisco could be reducing the potential den sites for pygmy spotted skunks and exposing them to adverse environmental conditions and predation. RESUMEN El zorrillo pigmeo (Spilogale pygmaea) es una especie endémica del oeste de México y considerada en peligro de extinción. Estudiamos el uso de madrigueras por parte del zorrillo pigmeo a nivel de micro y macrohabitat durante la época seca en el bosque tropical deciduo de Chamela, Jalisco, México. Durante las época seca de 1997, 1998 y 2000 localizamos un total de 79 madrigueras de zorrillo pigmeo utilizando telemetría (29 pertenecientes a hembras y 50 a machos). Las madrigueras fueron excavaciones subterráneas con uno a cinco accesos localizadas en áreas el suelo o bajo árboles vivos o muertos probablemente construidas por otras especies y ocupadas por los zorrillos pigmeos. Los zorrillos mostraron que los zorrillos en varias ocasiones cada una de las madrigueras, pero no encontramos evidencia de ocupación simultánea de una madriguera por más de un zorrillo pigmeo. El análisis a nivel microhabitat mostró que los zorrillos pigmeos utilizan madrigueras al interior del bosque pero presentaban una gran flexibilidad en cuanto al uso del hábitat a este nivel con un elevado nivel de variación individual. A nivel macrohabitat no encontramos selección por parte de los zorrillos para colocar sus madrigueras en el bosque tropical deciduo o el bosque tropical semideciduo, sin embargo no se encontraron madrigueras en áreas fuera del bosque. Esta observación sugiere que los zorrillos pigmeos presentan una fuerte asociación a las áreas de bosque tropical de la costa del Pacifico mexicano. Las elevadas tasas de deforestación de los bosques tropicales en la costa de Jalisco, podrían reducir la existencia de sitios potenciales para madrigueras de zorrillo pigmeo, exponiéndolos probablemente a condiciones ambientales adversas y depredación. [source]

Response of Dung Beetle Diversity to Human,induced Changes in a Tropical Landscape,

BIOTROPICA, Issue 1 2002
Gonzalo Halffter
ABSTRACT This paper examines dung beetle communities in remnant patches of tropical deciduous forest at Veracruz, Mexico, as a case study of the effects of tropical deforestation on biodiversity. The two study areas have a common biogeographic history and similar macroclimatic conditions and have been modified by human activities to different extents. The main difference between them is that cattle, which provide the dung beetle's food supply, are present in only one of the areas. Comparison of the dung beetle faunas sheds light on the relative importance of forest cover versus food supply as the principal factor determining the structure and diversity of the fauna. This comparison, which we broaden through an examination of data from other localities in central Veracruz, permits us to speculate about what happens to biodiversity when a tropical deciduous forest undergoes modification of varying type and intensity. Where tree cover has been most modified, native forest species undergo local extinction and are replaced by open area species. On the whole, there has not been a net reduction in species richness (gamma diversity) in the fragmented landscape of central Veracruz, although local species richness (alpha diversity) has diminished. RESUMES En este trabajo se presenta una aproximación de lo que ocurre con la biodiversidad estudiada a través de un grupo indicador (los escarabajos del estiércol) en dos remanentes de bosque tropical caducifolio del estado de Veracruz, México. Los dos sitios comparten la misma historia biogeografica, condiciones macroclimaticas semejantes, y ser bosques parcialmente modificados por la actividad humana. La diferencia principal está en la oferta de alimento para los Scarabaeinae, porque solamente en uno de los lugares hay ganado vacuno. La comparación de la fauna de Scara-baeinae de los dos lugares nos permite señalar que la cubierta forestal, y no la oferta de alimento, es el principal elemento conformador de la estructura y diversidad del gremio. Esta comparación, ampliada con datos de otros puntos de Veracruz centra nos permite especular lo que ocurre con la biodiversidad (representada por los Scarabaeinae) al modificarse el bosque tropical caducifolio en distintas formas e intensidades. Es relevante la sobrevivencia de las especies propias del bosque a nivel paisaje (diversidad gama), aunque puedan desaparecer en parte a escala puntual. Asi como su reemplazo por especies heliofilas en los puntos en que la vegetación arborea ha sido mas modificada. En conjunto el paisaje fragmentado y diverse de Veracruz centre no señala una pérdida de especies, aunque puntualmente (diversidad alia) si ocurra. [source]

Trends and methodological impacts in soil CO2 efflux partitioning: A metaanalytical review

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2006
JENS-ARNE SUBKE
Abstract Partitioning soil carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux (RS) into autotrophic (RA; including plant roots and closely associated organisms) and heterotrophic (RH) components has received considerable attention, as differential responses of these components to environmental change have profound implications for the soil and ecosystem C balance. The increasing number of partitioning studies allows a more detailed analysis of experimental constraints than was previously possible. We present results of an exhaustive literature search of partitioning studies and analyse global trends in flux partitioning between biomes and ecosystem types by means of a metaanalysis. Across all data, an overall decline in the RH/RS ratio for increasing annual RS fluxes emerged. For forest ecosystems, boreal coniferous sites showed significantly higher (P<0.05) RH/RS ratios than temperate sites, while both temperate or tropical deciduous forests did not differ in ratios from any of the other forest types. While chronosequence studies report consistent declines in the RH/RS ratio with age, no difference could be detected for different age groups in the global data set. Different methodologies showed generally good agreement if the range of RS under which they had been measured was considered, with the exception of studies estimating RH by means of root mass regressions against RS, which resulted in consistently lower RH/RS estimates out of all methods included. Additionally, the time step over which fluxes were partitioned did not affect RH/RS ratios consistently. To put results into context, we review the most common techniques and point out the likely sources of errors associated with them. In order to improve soil CO2 efflux partitioning in future experiments, we include methodological recommendations, and also highlight the potential interactions between soil components that may be overlooked as a consequence of the partitioning process itself. [source]

Dry Season Den Use by Pygmy Spotted Skunk (Spilogale pygmaea) in a Tropical Deciduous Forest of Mexico

BIOTROPICA, Issue 3 2009
Lisette Cantú-Salazar
ABSTRACT Dry season den use by the pygmy spotted skunk Spilogale pygmaea, an endemic and threatened species of western Mexico, was evaluated at the micro and macrohabitat level, in the tropical deciduous forest of Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico. During the dry seasons of 1997, 1998, and 2000, 79 skunk den sites (29 for females and 50 males) were located using Radiotelemetry. Dens were underground excavations with one to five access points, located mostly on open ground or under live or dead trees. Skunks exhibited a continued reuse of dens but evidence of simultaneous occupation by two or more skunks was not found. Microhabitat den-site analysis showed that skunks showed flexibility and individual variation in usage of the microhabitat surrounding den sites inside the forest. Macrohabitat den-site analysis showed that skunks were not selecting either tropical deciduous or tropical semideciduous forest; however, no dens were located outside the forest in transformed habitats, strengthening the hypothesis of the association of this species with the tropical deciduous forests on the Pacific coast of Mexico. The current deforestation rates of the tropical deciduous forest in the coast of Jalisco could be reducing the potential den sites for pygmy spotted skunks and exposing them to adverse environmental conditions and predation. RESUMEN El zorrillo pigmeo (Spilogale pygmaea) es una especie endémica del oeste de México y considerada en peligro de extinción. Estudiamos el uso de madrigueras por parte del zorrillo pigmeo a nivel de micro y macrohabitat durante la época seca en el bosque tropical deciduo de Chamela, Jalisco, México. Durante las época seca de 1997, 1998 y 2000 localizamos un total de 79 madrigueras de zorrillo pigmeo utilizando telemetría (29 pertenecientes a hembras y 50 a machos). Las madrigueras fueron excavaciones subterráneas con uno a cinco accesos localizadas en áreas el suelo o bajo árboles vivos o muertos probablemente construidas por otras especies y ocupadas por los zorrillos pigmeos. Los zorrillos mostraron que los zorrillos en varias ocasiones cada una de las madrigueras, pero no encontramos evidencia de ocupación simultánea de una madriguera por más de un zorrillo pigmeo. El análisis a nivel microhabitat mostró que los zorrillos pigmeos utilizan madrigueras al interior del bosque pero presentaban una gran flexibilidad en cuanto al uso del hábitat a este nivel con un elevado nivel de variación individual. A nivel macrohabitat no encontramos selección por parte de los zorrillos para colocar sus madrigueras en el bosque tropical deciduo o el bosque tropical semideciduo, sin embargo no se encontraron madrigueras en áreas fuera del bosque. Esta observación sugiere que los zorrillos pigmeos presentan una fuerte asociación a las áreas de bosque tropical de la costa del Pacifico mexicano. Las elevadas tasas de deforestación de los bosques tropicales en la costa de Jalisco, podrían reducir la existencia de sitios potenciales para madrigueras de zorrillo pigmeo, exponiéndolos probablemente a condiciones ambientales adversas y depredación. [source]