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Trophoblastic Cells (trophoblastic + cell)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	54%
Life Sciences	36%

Distribution within Medical Sciences

Immunology	66%
Obstetrics & Gynecology	33%

Selected Abstracts

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Role of Regulatory and Angiogenic Cytokines in Invasion of Trophoblastic Cells

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 3 2010
Valeria Dubinsky
Citation Dubinsky V, Poehlmann TG, Suman P, Gentile T, Markert UR, Gutierrez G. Role of regulatory and angiogenic cytokines in invasion of trophoblastic cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63: 193,199 Problem, Trophoblast invasion is a temporally and locally restricted process, which regulates implantation and oxygen arrival to the embryo through the dialog with spiral artery endothelium. Trophoblast factors with angiogenic potential are activated by hypoxia. Their capacities to induce proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblastic cells have been investigated. Method of study, The expression of interleukin (IL)-6, CD126, CD130, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hypoxia inducible factor-1, (HIF-1,) has been silenced in JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells by using siRNA. Silencing efficacy has been assessed by ELISA, PCR or Western blotting. Proliferation has been measured by flow cytometry, migration by a transwell assay, and invasion by a Matrigel assay. Results, Proliferation was significantly reduced by silencing of CD126 or CD130, migration by silencing of IL-6, VEGF, or HIF-1,, and invasion by silencing of IL-6 and HIF-1,. Conclusion, The expression of IL-6, VEGF, and HIF-1, in trophoblastic cells is involved in the control of trophoblast invasion and migration. [source]

The presence of trophoblastic cells in intrauterine lavage samples: lack of correlation with maternal and obstetric characteristics

PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS, Issue 11 2008
Riccardo Cioni
Abstract Objectives To investigate the correlation between maternal, obstetric and sample characteristics and the quality (i.e. yield of trophoblastic cells) of intrauterine lavage (IUL) samples. Methods We collected 202 IUL samples from women scheduled for first trimester termination of pregnancy (TOP). Trophoblastic cells were isolated from IUL samples and used for DNA analysis by a multiplex quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) assay. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed, and a p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The presence of trophoblastic cells in IUL samples was documented in 151/202 cases (74.7%). Blood contamination of IULs was the only characteristic to positively correlate with the presence of trophoblasts (p = 0.039; OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.03,3.82). Conclusions The correlation between the presence of contaminating blood and trophoblastic cells would indirectly confirm the hypothesis that IUL might act as a mini-CVS. The high yield rate of trophoblasts irrespective of maternal characteristics and past obstetric history would support the clinical use of this sampling technique, provided that its safety is clearly defined. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Binucleate trophoblast giant cells in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) placenta

JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY, Issue 1 2006
A.F. Carvalho
Abstract The binucleate trophoblast giant cells (BNC) of the water buffalo, Bubalus bubalis, placenta were studied, with emphasis on the synthesis of BNC-specific proteins. Placentomal tissues of 27 water buffalos (2,10 months of pregnancy) were processed for light and electron microscopy. The frequency of BNCs was 20% of the trophoblastic cells in 2,3-month placentas and increased to 27% in the later stages. Ultrastructurally, binucleate cells displayed a prominent granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, typical of cells involved with protein synthesis and exportation. The buffalo BNCs contained periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive granules and reacted with antisera against bovine placental lactogen, prolactin-related protein-I, and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins. Lectin histochemistry with Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, Vicia villosa agglutinin, and Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin showed specific staining of BNCs. Different stages of BNC migration and fusion with uterine epithelial cells were observed. Trinucleate feto-maternal hybrid cells were the typical outcome of cell fusions. These cells underwent degeneration, with typical morphological features of apoptosis. The results revealed a strong homology between water buffalo and cattle BNCs concerning cell morphology, protein expression, glycosylation pattern, and characteristics of cell migration and fusion. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

TNF-, from monocyte of patients with pre-eclampsia-induced apoptosis in human trophoblast cell line

JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH (ELECTRONIC), Issue 4 2007
Hiroyuki Seki
Abstract Objective:, In pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction is frequently observed, and the possible involvement of inhibitory substances on trophoblast cell proliferation and differentiation has been suggested. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects humoral factors, such as cytokines, produced in immune cells on proliferation of an immortalized trophoblastic cell line (TCL) that we established. Methods:, Serum and lymphocyte layers were isolated from the blood of normal pregnant and preeclamptic women. The lymphocyte layer was further fractionated into different immune cell populations by the Stem Sep method. Immortalized trophoblastic cells were cultured with the sera diluted. The cytokine concentrations in the supernatants of lymphocyte cultures were compared between normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. The number, DNA content and induced apoptosis were examined on the immortalized trophoblastic cells at the end of culture. Results:, The sera from preeclamptic women significantly inhibited the immortalized trophoblastic cell proliferation in comparison with those from normal pregnancy. Among the lymphocyte fractions, monocytes significantly inhibited the immortalized trophoblastic cell proliferation. The monocytes from preeclamptic women were found to produce higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-, (TNF-,) in the culture supernatant than those from normal pregnant women. The coculture with the monocytes from preeclamptic women increased the frequency of TUNEL-positive TCL cells. TNF-, inhibited immortalized trophoblastic cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis. Conclusion:, The present results suggest that monocytes are activated and that cytokines, such as TNF-,, which is produced by monocytes, induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of trophoblast cells in pre-eclampsia. [source]

The presence of trophoblastic cells in intrauterine lavage samples: lack of correlation with maternal and obstetric characteristics

Glucose-regulated protein 78: A new partner of p53 in trophoblast

PROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 23 2009
Serge Arnaudeau
Abstract Although wild-type p53 protein is overexpressed in first trimester trophoblast, it is inactive towards its target genes Metalloproteinase 2 and 9. This seems to be due to a complex mechanism of inactivation and stabilization of p53 relying on the formation of protein complexes involving the N-terminus of p53. To detect the proteins associated with this sequence, we incubated biotinylated p53 N-terminal peptide in cytotrophoblastic cell medium 24,h before lysis of cells. We purified the proteins retained on biotinylated peptide using a neutravidin affinity column. Proteins were then identified by peptide mass finger printing followed or not by peptide fragmentation sequencing. Among these proteins, we identified glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and verified its interaction with p53 in trophoblastic cells by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. Moreover, the decreased expression of GRP78 induced by GRP78siRNA or versipelostatin decreased the formation of high molecular weight p53 complexes and p53 monomer and increased trophoblastic invasion. These results suggest that GRP78 is involved in inactivation and stabilization of p53 and in the regulation of trophoblastic invasion. [source]

REVIEW ARTICLE: Governing the Invasive Trophoblast: Current Aspects on Intra- and Extracellular Regulation

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 6 2010
Justine S. Fitzgerald
Citation Fitzgerald JS, Germeyer A, Huppertz B, Jeschke U, Knöfler M, Moser G, Scholz C, Sonderegger S, Toth B, Markert UR. Governing the invasive trophoblast: current aspects on intra- and extracellular regulation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010 This review summarizes several aspects especially of regulating factors governing trophoblast invasion. Those include the composition of the extracellular matrix containing a variety of matrix metalloproeinases and their inhibitors, but also intracellular signals. Furthermore, a newly described trophoblast subtype, the endoglandular trophoblast, is presented. Its presence may provide a possible mechanism for opening and connecting uterine glands into the intervillous space. Amongst others, two intracellular signalling pathways are crucial for regulation of trophoblast functions and development: Wnt- and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signalling. Wnt signalling promotes implantation, placentation and trophoblast differentiation. Several Wnt-dependent cascades and regulatory mechanisms display different functions in trophoblast cells. The STAT3 signalling system is fundamental for induction and regulation of invasiveness in physiological trophoblastic cells, but also in tumours. The role of galectins (Gal) in trophoblast regulation and placenta development comes increasingly into focus. The Gal- 1,4, 7,10 and 12,14 have been detected in humans. Detailed information is only available for Gal-1, -2, -3, -4, -9 and -12 in endometrium and decidua. Gal-1, -3 and -13 (-14) have been detected and studied in trophoblast cells. [source]

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Role of Regulatory and Angiogenic Cytokines in Invasion of Trophoblastic Cells

Current concepts on human papillomavirus infections in children

APMIS, Issue 6-7 2010
STINA SYRJÄNEN
Syrjänen S. Current concepts on human papillomavirus infections in children. APMIS 2010; 118: 494,509. Current evidence is strong enough to conclude that human papillomavirus (HPV) can be transmitted both sexually and non-sexually. The debate on HPV infections in children still continues but it is more focused on HPV prevalence than on transmission modes. HPV DNA detection in amniotic fluid, foetal membranes, cord blood and placental trophoblastic cells all suggest HPV infection in utero, i.e. prenatal transmission. Based on recent meta-analysis, vertical transmission occurs in approximately 20% of cases. Most of the mucosal HPV infections in infants are incident, persistent infections in oral and genital mucosa being found in less than 10% and 2% respectively. The mother seems to be the main transmitter of HPV to her newborn, but subsequent HPV infections are acquired horizontally via saliva or other contacts. Bimodal peak prevalence is seen for skin warts, oral papillomas and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) in younger and older age groups, suggesting similar epidemiology. Of the clinical HPV diseases, juvenile-onset-RRP and genital condylomata are problematic; the former because of its life-threatening potential and the latter because of possible sexual abuse. HPV6 and 11 are the most common genotypes in both the lesions. Early in life, infections by the high-risk HPV genotypes may also remain persistent for a considerable period, and should be of considerable importance for HPV vaccination strategies. [source]

Folate affects apoptosis in human trophoblastic cells

BJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 12 2000
R. P. M. Steegers-Theunissen Clinical Epidemiologist
Effects of folate deficiency on the rate of apoptosis in human cytotrophoblastic cells has been investigated. Apoptosis was determined in cytotrophoblastic cells after culture in 1. control medium, 2. folate-free medium and 3. folate-free medium plus 10% fetal calf serum. Apoptosis rates in cells cultured in mediums 2 and 3 were significantly higher than those cultured in the control medium (P < 0.02 and P < 0.03, respectively). In conclusion, human cytotrophoblastic cells show a significantly increased rate of apoptosis in vitro after culture in a folate-free medium. Possible explanations for the association between folate deficiency and pregnancy complications are suggested. [source]