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Total Immunoglobulin (total + immunoglobulin)
Terms modified by Total Immunoglobulin Selected AbstractsGrowth Performance, Immune Response, and Resistance to Streptococcus iniae of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, Fed Diets Containing Various Levels of Vitamins C and EJOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 1 2010Chhorn Lim Growth, immunity, and resistance of Nile tilapia to Streptococcus iniae challenge were evaluated after feeding diets supplemented with vitamin C (0, 100, 2000 mg/kg) and E (0, 50, 500 mg/kg) for 12 wk. Supplementation of 100 mg vitamin C/kg to the basal diet was sufficient to increase growth and feed efficiency. The amount of vitamin E present in the basal diet (23.1 mg/kg) was sufficient to promote good growth and feed efficiency, but adding 50 mg vitamin E/kg was necessary to increase survival. Liver vitamin C and E concentrations increased with increasing dietary concentrations of the corresponding vitamin. Dietary vitamin E concentrations had no effect on liver vitamin C concentration, but increasing dietary vitamin C increased liver vitamin E. Although hematology was generally unaffected by dietary vitamin E, significantly lower red blood cell count and hemoglobin and higher mean corpuscular volume were observed in fish fed the vitamin C-unsupplemented diets. Total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in fish fed 2000 mg/kg vitamin C diets. Vitamin E at 500 mg/kg diet significantly decreased alternative complement activity. Dietary concentrations of vitamin C had no effect on mortality following S. iniae challenge, but mortality significantly decreased in fish fed vitamin E,supplemented diets. [source] Effects of sulfamerazine on selected haematological and immunological parameters in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792)AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 4 2009Naim Saglam Abstract In the present study, effects of sulfamerazine on some haematological and immunological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined. Four groups of rainbow trout were fed experimental diets containing either no sulfamerazine (control) or supplemented with sulfamerazine at 100 mg kg,1 (Exp-A), 200 mg kg,1 (Exp-B) or 400 mg kg,1 (Exp-C) for 21 days. Blood samples were taken for the haematological and immunological parameters from fish on the third, seventh, 14th and 21st days of feeding. Haematological parameters [haematocrit, leucocrit, numbers of erythrocytes (RBC) and leucocytes (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean haemoglobin concentration (MHC) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)] and immunological parameters [phagocytic ratio (PR) and index (PI), glass-adherent NBT-positive cell activation, total plasma protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig)] were evaluated during the experimental trial. It has been observed that MCV (P<0.05), PR and PI (P>0.05) were increased and haematocrit and leucocrit value, numbers of erythrocytes and leucocyte, haemoglobin, MHC and MCHC values and total plasma protein and total Ig levels were decreased in rainbow trout after application of three different doses of sulfamerazine. [source] Influence of ,-hydroxy-,-methylbutyrate on nonspecific humoral defense mechanisms and protection against furunculosis in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca)AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 2 2006Andrzej K Siwicki Abstract Studies have shown that in both in vitro and in vivo tests, ,-hydroxy-,-methylbutyrate (HMB) increases the nonspecific cellular and humoral immune response and protection against diseases in animals. The present study examines the influence of HMB on nonspecific humoral defense mechanisms and protection against furunculosis in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). ,-hydroxy-,-methylbutyrate was fed in a pelleted ration of 50 mg kg,1 feed day,1 for 4 weeks. Blood was drawn from 12 HMB-fed and control-fed pikeperch. The lysozyme and ceruloplasmin activities in the plasma, total immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, and total serum protein were analysed prior to and then after 2 and 4 weeks of HMB ingestion. After 4 weeks of HMB ingestion, a challenge test was performed by injecting the fish with live pathogenic Aeromonas salmonicida bacteria. ,-hydroxy-,-methylbutyrate at a dose of 50 mg kg,1 feed resulted in a statistically significant (P<0.05) increase in the lysozyme activity of the plasma, total Ig, and serum protein levels. Additionally, reduced mortality (40%) after the in vivo challenge with pathogenic A. salmonicida suggested that HMB-activated nonspecific protection against furunculosis in pikeperch. [source] A specific mixture of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides induces a beneficial immunoglobulin profile in infants at high risk for allergyALLERGY, Issue 3 2009E. Van Hoffen Background:, It has been suggested that human breast milk oligosaccharides play a role in the development of the immune system in infants, and may consequently inhibit the onset of allergy. A specific prebiotic mixture of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (GOS/FOS) has been shown to reduce the incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) at 6 months of age in infants at risk for allergy. Aim of the study:, This study was aimed to analyze the effect of GOS/FOS on the immune response in these infants. Methods:, In a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study, infants received a hypoallergenic whey formula with either 8 g/l GOS/FOS in a 9 : 1 ratio (IMMUNOFORTISTM) or 8 g/l maltodextrine (placebo) for 6 months. At 3 months of age, children were vaccinated with Hexavac against a.o. diphteria, tetanus, polio (DTP). At 6 months of age, plasma samples were collected from 84 infants (verum group n = 41, placebo group n = 43). Levels of total immunoglobulins (Ig) and of cow's milk protein (CMP-) and DTP-specific Ig were measured. Results:, GOS/FOS supplementation led to a significant reduction in the plasma level of total IgE, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3, whereas no effect on IgG4 was observed. CMP-specific IgG1 was significantly decreased. DTP-specific Ig levels were not affected. Conclusions:, This study shows that GOS/FOS supplementation induces a beneficial antibody profile. GOS/FOS reduces the total Ig response and modulates the immune response towards CMP, while leaving the response to vaccination intact. This suggests that oral GOS/FOS supplementation is a safe method to restrain the atopic march. [source] Changes of Circulating Antibody Levels Induced by ABO Antibody Adsorption for ABO-Incompatible Kidney TransplantationAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 5 2009P. V. Valli ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation using immunoadsorption to remove anti-A/B antibodies has become a successful clinical practice. Since the data on the specificity of the ABO columns are controversial, the present study assessed the efficiency and specificity of the ABO immunoadsorption, the effect on total immunoglobulins and antibodies previously induced by vaccination. Anti-A/B antibodies were measured by agglutination and ABO flow cytometry, total IgG/IgM, carbohydrate- and protein-specific antibodies by nephelometry and ELISA. The first immunoadsorption not only efficiently reduced donor-specific anti-A/B IgM (81%) and IgG (56%) but also reduced compatible anti-A/B IgM (59%) and IgG (34%). The measurements of antidonor A/B antibodies by direct agglutination (IgM) or flow cytometry better represented the effective antibody levels than the indirect agglutination test (IgG). The median reduction of total IgM and total IgG levels after a single immunoadsorption was 34% and 18%, respectively. Antibodies against pneumococcus and haemophilus polysaccharide antigens were significantly reduced, whereas antitetanus and antidiphtheria protein antibodies were not affected. Intravenous immunoglobulin administration restored the protective anticarbohydrate antibody levels. In summary, immunoadsorption efficiently removed antidonor A/B antibodies, but was not specific for A/B antigens. Anti-A/B antibody levels as determined by ABO flow cytometry are useful to establish the minimal number of immunoadsorptions needed for successful ABO-incompatible transplantation. [source] | |||||||||||||