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Total Haemoglobin (total + haemoglobin)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Haemodynamic changes in the brain after vaginal delivery and caesarean section in healthy term infants

BJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 2 2002
C. Dani
Objective To investigate whether the mode of delivery may affect neonatal cerebral haemodynamics during the first hour of life. Design Prospective study. Sample Healthy infants with gestational age ,37 weeks and birthweight appropriate for gestational age, born after uncomplicated pregnancy by vaginal delivery or elective caesarean section, two to five hours after the delivery. Methods Near infra-red spectroscopy was used to measure changes of oxygenated haemoglobin, deoxygenated haemoglobin, oxidized-reduced cytochrome aa3, and mean cerebral oxygen saturation (mixed cerebral oxygen saturation = oxygenated haemoglobin/total haemoglobin). Changes in cerebral blood volume were calculated. Results Near infra-red spectroscopy data did not show significant differences between infants born by vaginal delivery or by caesarean section. There was a significant decrease of oxygenated haemoglobin and change of cerebral blood volume values at 120 and 180 minutes in both the groups, while deoxygenated haemoglobin and oxidized-reduced cytochrome aa3 were unchanged. Conclusions A decrease of cerebral blood volume occurs after birth and this occurs both in infants born by vaginal delivery and by caesarean section. [source]

D- chiro -Inositol found in Cucurbita ficifolia (Cucurbitaceae) fruit extracts plays the hypoglycaemic role in streptozocin-diabetic rats

JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 11 2006
Tao Xia
Cucurbita ficifolia is commonly used as an antihyperglycaemic agent in Asia. However, the mechanism of its action is unknown. Chemically synthesized D- chiro -inositol (D-CI), a component of an insulin mediator, has been demonstrated to have antihyperglycaemic effects in rats. In this study, we found that C. ficifolia contained fairly high levels of D-CI, thus, C. ficifolia may be a natural source of D-CI for reducing blood glucose concentrations in diabetics. We evaluated C. ficifolia fruit extract, containing D-CI, for its antihyperglycaemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of C. ficifolia fruit extract containing 10 or 20 mg D-CI kg,1 body weight for 30 days resulted in significantly lowered levels of blood glucose, and increased levels of hepatic glycogen, total haemoglobin and plasma insulin. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed in fasted diabetic and normal rats, in which there was a significant improvement in blood glucose tolerance in the diabetic rats treated with C. ficifolia fruit extract. The effects were compared with 20 mg kg,1 body weight chemically synthesized D-CI. Findings from this study demonstrated that C. ficifolia fruit extract was an effective source of D-CI for its hypoglycaemic effects in rats, and therefore may be useful in the treatment of diabetes. [source]

Are there clinical phenotypes of homozygous sickle cell disease?

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2004
Neal Alexander
Summary The distribution of clinical features was examined in subjects with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease in the Jamaican Cohort Study to determine whether there is evidence of distinct clustering of symptoms or clinical phenotypes. A twofold model yielded groups that could be interpreted as painful crisis or leg ulcer phenotypes and 78% of patients were classified with 95% confidence into one of these. The painful crisis phenotype also manifested higher frequencies of dactylitis, meningitis/septicaemia, acute chest syndrome and stroke. Attempts to define a three-group model were less convincing although 43% of patients could be allocated with 95% confidence. The three-group model essentially divided subjects with the leg ulcer phenotype into subgroups with higher and lower frequencies of painful crisis, dactylitis, meningitis/septicaemia and acute chest syndrome. In the three-group model, the painful crisis phenotype had lower total haemoglobin, fetal haemoglobin, mean cell volume and higher reticulocytes but there was no apparent influence of alpha thalassaemia or beta globin haplotype. Both environmental and genetic factors are likely to contribute to most manifestations of SS disease and the evidence for different clinical phenotypes suggests that a search for associated genetic polymorphisms may provide insights into the mechanisms of clinical variability in SS disease. [source]

Dizziness is associated with decreased vasoreactivity in right cerebral hemisphere for head-down manoeuvre , near-infrared spectroscopy study

CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL IMAGING, Issue 1 2005
Nobusada Shinoura
Summary To investigate the vasoreactivity of cerebral hemisphere in patients with dizziness and syncope, we compared changes in total haemoglobin (THbl) and regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) of the right and left frontal lobes in response to head-down manoeuvre. Ninety-six right-handed subjects (aged 59 ± 19 years) were asked to perform a head-down or a standing manoeuvre. Head-down manoeuvre produced a greater increase in right side THbl in subjects under 70 years of age (8·5 ± 3·1) when compared with subjects older than 70 years (0·40 ± 0·08). In contrast, the head-down manoeuvre had no effects on left side THbl, irrespective of patient age. Similarly, the head-down manoeuvre resulted in a greater decrease of right side rSO2 in subjects under 70 years of age (,5·2 ± 2·1%) when compared with subjects older than 70 years (0·31 ± 0·9%). In contrast, the head-down manoeuvre had no effects on left side rSO2, irrespective of patient age. The head-down manoeuvre produced a smaller increase in right side THbl in subjects with dizziness (0·38 ± 0·19) than in those without dizziness (9·4 ± 3·5). A standing manoeuvre produced a smaller increase in right side THbl in subjects with syncope (,0·057 ± 0·047) than in those without syncope (0·063 ± 0·028). The head-down manoeuvre produced a decrease in right side rSO2 in subjects without dizziness (,6·4 ± 2·4%) and a slight increase in right side rSO2 in subjects with dizziness (1·1 ± 0·4%). Subjects with dizziness (67 ± 2·1 years) were significantly older than those without dizziness (53 ± 2·7 years) or those with syncope (44 ± 4·2 years). These data indicate that reduced vasoreactivity to right hemispheric pressure changes is associated with dizziness in older subjects. Further, decreases in right hemispheric THbl during a standing manoeuvre are associated with syncope in relatively younger subjects. [source]