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Total Fluoride Intake (total + fluoride_intake)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Seasonal Variation in Fluoride Intake: the Iowa Fluoride Study

JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 4 2004
Barbara Broffitt MS;
ABSTRACT Objectives: Although patterns of fluid intake change seasonally, little is known about how fluoride intake varies by season. Since even short-term increases in fluoride intake could potentially lead to more dental fluorosis, it is valuable to assess the degree of seasonal variation to determine if it increases fluoride intake to levels that could be considered a concern in young children. Methods: Questionnaires were mailed periodically to participants in the Iowa Fluoride Study beginning at 6 weeks of age and continuing for a number of years. Parents recorded the date; child's weight; estimates of the amounts of water and other beverages that their child consumed per week; the type and amount of any fluoride supplements used; and the type, amount, and frequency of dentifrice used, with an estimate of the proportion of dentifrice that was swallowed. Documented water fluoride levels from municipal sources and assay of individual sources were linked to water intake amounts. Total fluoride intake per kg body weight was estimated from water, other beverages, fluoride supplements, and ingested dentifrice. Generalized linear models compared temperature-related and seasonal effects after adjusting for the child's age. Results: Separate analyses for ages 0,12 months and 12,72 months showed different results. Children younger than 12 months of age did not exhibit significant seasonal or temperature-related variation in any of the components of fluoride intake. Children aged 12,72 months had higher fluoride intake (mg F/kg bw) from beverages in summer (P <.05), and fluoride intake from beverages increased with monthly temperature (P <.001). Conclusions: Fluoride intake from beverages for children aged 12,72 months is slightly higher in the summer and increases with mean monthly temperature. Fluoride intake from supplements and dentifrice did not change significantly with either season or temperature. [source]

Total fluoride intake in children aged 22,35 months in four Colombian cities

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 1 2005
Ángela M. Franco
Abstract , Objective: To obtain information on the level of total fluoride intake from food, beverages and toothpaste by children at the age of 22,25 months of low and high socioeconomic status (SES) in major Colombian cities. Methods:, Daily fluoride intake was assessed by the duplicate plate method and by recovered toothpaste solution during a 3-day period and afterwards analysed by the microdiffusion method. Results:, Mean daily fluoride intake was 0.11 (±0.10), 0.14 (±0.12), 0.10 (±0.07) and 0.07 (±0.06) mg/kg body weight (bw)/day in Bogotá, Medellín, Manizales and Cartagena, respectively. The total fluoride intake was higher in low-SES subjects in the cities of Medellín and Bogotá. In the high-SES children of the four cities, the average intakes ranged from 0.06 to 0.09 mg F/kg bw, whereas, the low-SES children in three cities had intakes between 0.11 and 0.21 mg F/kg bw (Cartagena, 0.07). Toothpaste (containing 1000,1500 ppm F, with 1500 ppm F being more common) accounted for approximately 70% of total fluoride intake, followed by food (24%) and beverages (<6%). More than half the children had their teeth brushed by an adult, on average twice a day, using 0.22,0.65 g of toothpaste. Conclusion:, Children from three Colombian cities have a mean total daily fluoride intake above the ,optimal range'. Health authorities should promote an appropriate use of fluoridated dentifrices discouraging the use of dentifrices containing 1500 ppm F in children younger than 6 years of age and promoting a campaign of education of parents and oral health professionals on adequate toothbrushing practices. [source]

Sources of Dietary Fluoride Intake in 6,7-Year-Old English Children Receiving Optimally, Sub-optimally, and Non-fluoridated water

JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 4 2006
Fatemeh V. Zohouri BSc, RPHNutr
Abstract Objectives:Due to increased consumption of pre-packaged drinks, tap water may no longer be the principal source of water intake and consequently fluoride intake. Little is known about the importance of solid foods as fluoride sources and how the relative contribution of foods/drinks to fluoride intake is affected by residing in fluoridated or non-fluoridated areas. This study investigated the relative contributions of different dietary sources to dietary fluoride intake and compared this in children residing in optimally artificially fluoridated, sub-optimally artificially fluoridated, and non-fluoridated areas. Methods:Thirty-three healthy children aged 6 years were recruited from fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities and categorised into three groups based on fluoride content of home tap water: optimally fluoridated (<0.7 mgF/L), sub-optimally fluoridated (>0.3 to <0.7 mgF/L) and non-fluoridated (<0.3 mgF/L) drinking water. A 3-day dietary diary collected dietary information. Samples of foods/drinks consumed were collected and analyzed for fluoride content. Results:Drinks provided 59%, 55% and 32% of dietary fluoride intake in optimally, sub-optimally and non-fluoridated areas respectively. Tap water, fruit squashes and cordials (extremely sweet non-alcoholic fruit flavoured drink concentrates) prepared with tap water, as well as cooked rice, pasta and vegetables were important sources of fluoride in optimally and sub-optimally fluoridated areas. Carbonated soft drinks and bread were the most important contributors to dietary fluoride intake in the non-fluoridated area. Conclusion:The main contributory sources to dietary fluoride differ between fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas. Estimating total fluoride intake from levels of fluoride in tap water alone is unlikely to provide a reliable quantitative measure of intake. Studies monitoring dietary fluoride exposure should consider intake from all foods and drinks. [source]

Availability of fluoride from meals given to kindergarten children in Brazil

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 2 2006
Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
Abstract , Objectives:, The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of fluoride supplied daily in the meals given in 44 public kindergarten schools in Bauru, Brazil. In addition, the fluoride concentration of water supplies and its impact on the amount of fluoride found in the meal samples were also investigated. Methods:, Meal samples and water were collected during 2 weeks (10 working days) in public kindergarten schools. Samples of meals were homogenized with known volumes of deionized water. Fluoride present in meal samples was analyzed with the ion-specific electrode (Orion 9609), after hexamethyldisilazane-facilitated diffusion. Fluoride in water samples was analyzed with the same electrode, after buffering with TISAB II. All the analyses were made in duplicate. Results:, Fluoride analyzed (mean ± SD) was 0.50 ± 0.20 ,g/ml, ranging from nondetectable to 1.42 ,g/ml for water samples (n = 424) and 0.067 ± 0.059 mg, ranging from 0.007 to 0.580 mg for meal samples (n = 431). A weak but significant correlation was observed between the amount of fluoride in meals and fluoride concentration in water supplies (r = 0.139, P = 0.0042). Conclusions:, Despite the seemingly small role played by school meals in the total daily fluoride intake, they can contribute to the total fluoride intake of children on a chronic basis, when in association with other fluoride products. Additionally, the impact of fluoridated public water supply on the final fluoride concentration of the school meals analyzed may be regarded as low. [source]