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Tomographic Images (tomographic + image)
Selected AbstractsThe Relationship Between Endocardial Voltage and Regional Volume in Electroanatomical Remodeled Left Atria in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Comparison of Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Images and Voltage MappingJOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 12 2009JAE HYUNG PARK B.Sc. Background: Long-standing atrial fibrillation (AF) changes left atrial (LA) morphology, and the LA size is related to recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). We hypothesize that LA morphology, based on embryological origin, affects the outcome of RFCA. Methods: We analyzed 3D computed tomographic (CT) images of LA in 70 patients with AF (54 males, 55.6 ± 10.5 years old, paroxysmal AF (PAF):persistent AF (PeAF) = 32:38) who underwent RFCA. Each LA image was divided into venous atrium (VA), anterior LA (ALA), LA appendage (LAA), and both antrum. Absolute and relative volumes were calculated, and the lengths of linear ablation sites were measured. Results: (1) In patients with the mean LA voltage , 2.0 mV, LA volume, especially ALA, was larger (P < 0.01) compared to those with LA voltage > 2.0 mV. (2) The total LA volume was significantly larger (P < 0.01) and LAA voltages (P < 0.05) and conduction velocities (P < 0.05) were lower in patients with PeAF than in those with PAF. (3) In patients with recurrence, LA volume was generally larger (P < 0.01) than in those without recurrence. In PAF patients with recurrence, the relative volume of ALA was significantly larger (P < 0.01) than those without recurrence. Conclusions Morphologically remodeled LA has low endocardial voltage, and enlargement of ALA is more significant in electroanatomically remodeled LA. The disproportional enlargement of ALA was observed more often in PAF patients with recurrence after ablation than those without recurrence. [source] Analytical Modelling of the Radiative Properties of Metallic Foams: Contribution of X-Ray TomographyADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 4 2008M. Loretz Two metallic foams exhibiting a similar porosity but different cell sizes have been characterized using X-ray tomography. The images have been processed and analysed to retrieve the morphological properties required for the calculation of the radiative properties such as the extinction coefficient. The multiple possibilities of using the X-ray tomography method rather than conventional optical methods like SEM have been quantified. The extinction coefficient has then been determined from two approaches. First, the resulting morphological properties have been used as the input data of the conventional independent scattering theory. A special emphasis is put on the determination of morphological properties and their influence on the results. In the second approach, an original method is also proposed in order to determine the extinction coefficient of highly porous open cell metal foams, from the tomographic images and without any calculation or hypothesis. Results show a good agreement with the extinction coefficient obtained from experimental measurements. Our novel method enables to reduce uncertainties considerably. [source] Tectonic deformation of the Indochina Peninsula recorded in the Mesozoic palaeomagnetic resultsGEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2009Kazuhiro Takemoto SUMMARY In order to describe features of tectonic deformation in the Indochina Peninsula, Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous red sandstones were sampled at three localities in the Shan-Thai and Indochina blocks. Stepwise thermal treatment of most samples revealed the presence of characteristic remanent magnetization, which is generally unblocked by 680 °C. This component from Phong Saly (21.6°N, 101.9°E) and Borikhanxay (18.5°N, 103.8°E) localities yield positive fold tests with Late Jurassic,Early Cretaceous directions of Dec/Inc = 28.8°/32.1° (ks= 15.4, ,95= 8.8°, N= 22) and Dec/Inc = 42.1°/46.9° (ks= 20.1, ,95= 7.9°, N= 18), respectively. Additionally, a syn-folding mid-Cretaceous characteristic magnetization is observed in the samples of Muang Phin locality (16.5°N, 106.1°E), which gave a mean direction of Dec/Inc = 30.8°/39.9°, k= 102.6, ,95= 3.0°, N= 23. This reliable Late Jurassic to Mid-Cretaceous palaeomagnetic directions from three different localities are incorporated into a palaeomagnetic database for Shan-Thai and Indochina blocks. Based on these compilations, tectonic deformation of the Shan-Thai and Indochina blocks is summarized as follows: (1) the Shan-Thai and Indochina blocks experienced a clockwise rotation of about 10° as a composite unit in the early stage of India,Asia collision and (2) following this, the Shan-Thai Block underwent an internal tectonic deformation, whereas the Indochina Block behaved as a rigid tectonic unit during the same period. Comparison of our palaeomagnetic results with seismic tomographic images suggests that the strength of continental lithosphere beneath these blocks played an important role in the process of deformation rather than any other tectonic regime. In contrast to the Shan-Thai Block, an existence of continental roots beneath the Indochina Block prevented its internal deformation. [source] Sensitivity of electrical resistivity tomography data to electrode position errorsGEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2005Greg A. Oldenborger SUMMARY Limitations of imaging using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) arise because of the difficulty of quantifying the reliability of tomographic images. A major source of uncertainty in tomographic inversion is data error. Data error due to electrode mislocations is characterized by the sensitivity of electrical potential to both source and receiver positions. This sensitivity is described by a scattering-type equation and, therefore, depends not only on source,receiver separation, but also on the location and magnitude of contrasts in electrical conductivity. At the overlapping scales of near-surface environmental and engineering geophysical surveys, for which electrodes may be close to the target and experiment dimensions may be on the same order as those of the target, errors associated with electrode mislocations can significantly contaminate the ERT data and the reconstructed electrical conductivity. For synthetic experiments, variations in the data due to electrode mislocation are comparable in magnitude to typical experimental noise levels and, in some cases, may overwhelm variations in the data due to changes in material properties. Furthermore, the statistical distribution of electrode mislocation errors can be complicated and multimodal such that bias may be introduced into the ERT data. The resulting perturbations of the reconstructed electrical conductivity field due to electrode mislocations can be significant in magnitude with complex spatial distributions that are dependent both on the model and the experiment. [source] Accounting for velocity anisotropy in seismic traveltime tomography: a case study from the investigation of the foundations of a Byzantine monumental buildingGEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING, Issue 1 2006L. Polymenakos ABSTRACT We estimate velocity anisotropy factors from seismic traveltime tomographic data and apply a correction for anisotropy in the inversion procedure to test possible improvements on the traveltime fit and the quality of the resulting tomographic images. We applied the anisotropy correction on a traveltime data set obtained from the investigation of the foundation structure of a monumental building: a Byzantine church from the 11th century AD, in Athens, Greece. Vertical transverse isotropy is represented by one axis of symmetry and one anisotropy magnitude for the entire tomographic inversion grid. We choose the vertical direction for the symmetry axis by analysing the available data set and taking into account information on the character of the foundations of the church from the literature and past excavations. The anisotropy magnitude is determined by testing a series of values of anisotropy and examining their effect on the tomographic inversion results. The best traveltime fit and image quality are obtained with an anisotropy value (Vmax/Vmin) of 1.6, restricted to the high velocity structures in the subsurface. We believe that this anisotropy value, which is significantly higher than the usual values reported for near-surface geological material, is related to the fabric of the church foundations, due to the shape of the individual stone blocks and the layout of the stonework. Inversion results obtained with the correction for anisotropy indicate that both the traveltime fit and the image quality are improved, providing an enhanced reconstruction of the velocity field, especially for the high-velocity features. Based on this enhanced and more reliable reconstruction of velocity distribution, an improved image of the subsurface material character was made possible. In particular, the pattern and state of the church foundations and possible weak ground material areas were revealed more clearly. This improved subsurface knowledge may assist in a better design of restoration measures for monumental buildings such as Byzantine churches. [source] The highly specialized vocal tract of the male Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa Pallas, 1777 , Mammalia, Bovidae)JOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Issue 5 2003R. Frey Abstract The entire head and neck of a wild adult male Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa) was dissected with special reference to its enlarged larynx. Two additional adult male specimens taken from the wild were analysed by computer tomography. The sternomandibularis, omohyoideus, thyrohyoideus and hyoepiglotticus muscles are particularly enlarged and improve laryngeal suspension and stabilization. The epiglottis is exceptionally large. A permanent laryngeal descent is associated with the evolution of an unpaired palatinal pharyngeal pouch. A certain momentary descent seems to occur during vocalization. The high lateral walls of the thyroid cartilage are ventrally connected by a broad keel. The large thyroarytenoid muscle is divided into two portions: a rostral ventricularis and a caudal vocalis muscle. A paired lateral laryngeal ventricle projects between these two muscles. The massive vocal fold is large and lacks any rostrally directed flexible structures. It is supported by a large cymbal-like fibroelastic pad. Vocal tract length was measured in the course of dissection and in computer tomographic images. Two representative spectrograms, one of an adult male and one of a juvenile, recorded in the natural habitat of the Mongolian gazelle are presented. In the spectrograms, the centre frequency of the lowest band is about 500 Hz in the adult male and about 790 Hz in the juvenile. The low pitch of the adult male's call is ascribed to the evolutionary mass increase and elongation of the vocal folds. In the habitat of P. gutturosa a call with a low pitch and, thus, with an almost homogeneous directivity around the head of the vocalizing animal may be optimally suited for multidirectional advertisement calls during the rut. The signal range of an adult male's call in its natural habitat can therefore be expected to be larger than the high-pitched call of a juvenile. [source] Molecular imaging in small animals,roles for micro-CTJOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue S39 2002Erik L. Ritman Abstract X-ray micro-CT is currently used primarily to generate 3D images of micro-architecture (and the function that can be deduced from it) and the regional distribution of administered radiopaque indicators, within intact rodent organs or biopsies from large animals and humans. Current use of X-ray micro-CT can be extended in three ways to increase the quantitative imaging of molecular transport and accumulation within such specimens. (1) By use of heavy elements, other than the usual iodine, attached to molecules of interest or to surrogates for those molecules. The accumulation of the indicator in the physiological compartments, and the transport to and from such compartments, can be quantitated from the imaged spatial distribution of these contrast agents. (2) The high spatial resolution of conventional X-ray attenuation-based CT images can be used to improve the quantitative nature of radionuclide-based tomographic images (SPECT & PET) by providing correction for attenuation of the emitted gamma rays and the accurate delineation of physiological spaces known to selectively accumulate those indicators. Similarly, other imaging modalities which also localize functions in 2D images (such as histological sections subsequently obtained from the same specimen), can provide a synergistic combination with CT-based 3D microstructure. (3) By increasing the sensitivity and specificity of X-ray CT image contrast by use of methods such as: K-edge subtraction imaging, X-ray fluorescence imaging, imaging of the various types of scattered X-ray and the consequences of the change in the speed of X-rays through different tissues, such as refraction and phase shift. These other methods of X-ray imaging can increase contrast by more than an order of magnitude over that due to conventionally-used attenuation of X-ray. To fully exploit their potentials, much development of radiopaque indicators, scanner hardware and image reconstruction and analysis software will be needed. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 39: 116,124, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Analysis of brain activity immediately before conscious teeth clenching using magnetoencephalographic methodJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 7 2007T. IIDA summary, The reasons for unconscious teeth clenching have not been clarified. The long-term goal of our project was the elucidation of processing in the brain immediately before unconscious teeth clenching, in order to clarify its significance in humans. The objective of the present study was to establish a magnetoencephalographic (MEG) method of measuring brain activity immediately before clenching, and to clarify the time-course of brain activity immediately before conscious clenching. We measured the MEG signal in six subjects before, during and after clenching in a protocol that restricted head movement <5 mm. We derived tomographic estimates of brain activity for each time slice of data, as well as time courses for regional brain activations. Analysis of the tomographic images and time courses yielded statistical maps of activity in the motor, pre-motor and somatosensory cortices immediately before clenching in all subjects. Activations were found bilaterally, but with a strong unilateral bias in most subjects. Our results demonstrate that the MEG procedures, we have introduced are capable of measuring brain activity immediately before clenching, and indicate that analysis should begin from at least 200 ms before electromyogram onset. [source] Effects of distal radius malunion on distal radioulnar joint mechanics,an in vivo studyJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 4 2007Joseph J. Crisco Abstract Patients with a malunited distal radius often have painful and limited forearm rotation, and may progress to arthritis of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). The purpose of this study was to determine if DRUJ congruency and mechanics were altered in patients with malunited distal radius fractures. In nine subjects with unilateral malunions, interbone distances and dorsal and palmar radioulnar ligament lengths were computed from tomographic images of both forearms in multiple forearm positions using markerless bone registration (MBR) techniques. The significance of the changes were assessed using a generalized linear model, which controlled for forearm rotation angle (,60° to 60°). In the malunited forearm, compared to the contralateral uninjured arm, we found that ulnar joint space area significantly decreased by approximately 25%, the centroid of this area moved an average of 1.3 mm proximally, and the dorsal radioulnar ligament elongated. Despite our previous findings of insignificant changes in the pattern of radioulnar kinematics in patients with malunited fractures, we found significant changes in DRUJ joint area and ligament lengthening. These findings suggest that alterations in joint mechanics and soft tissues may play an important role in the dysfunction associated with these injuries. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:547,555, 2007 [source] A case of Tessier number 7 cleft with severe micrognathia: prenatal sonographic and three-dimensional helical computed tomographic images,PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS, Issue 2 2010Satoshi Asai No abstract is available for this article. [source] Imaging of amyloid burden and distribution in cerebral amyloid angiopathyANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 3 2007Keith A. Johnson MD Objective Cerebrovascular deposition of ,-amyloid (cerebral amyloid angiopathy [CAA]) is a major cause of hemorrhagic stroke and a likely contributor to vascular cognitive impairment. We evaluated positron emission tomographic imaging with the ,-amyloid,binding compound Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) as a potential noninvasive method for detection of CAA. We hypothesized that amyloid deposition would be observed with PiB in CAA, and based on the occipital predilection of CAA pathology and associated hemorrhages, that specific PiB retention would be disproportionately greater in occipital lobes. Methods We compared specific cortical PiB retention in 6 nondemented subjects diagnosed with probable CAA with 15 healthy control subjects and 9 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). Results All CAA and AD subjects were PiB-positive, both by distribution volume ratio measurements and by visual inspection of positron emission tomographic images. Global cortical PiB retention was significantly increased in CAA (distribution volume ratio 1.18 ± 0.06) relative to healthy control subjects (1.04 ± 0.10; p = 0.0009), but was lower in CAA than in AD subjects (1.41 ± 0.17; p = 0.002). The occipital-to-global PiB ratio, however, was significantly greater in CAA than in AD subjects (0.99 ± 0.07 vs 0.86 ± 0.05; p = 0.003). Interpretation We conclude that PiB-positron emission tomography can detect cerebrovascular ,-amyloid and may serve as a method for identifying the extent of CAA in living subjects. Ann Neurol 2007 [source] Tectonic Framework and Deep Structure of South China and Their Constraint to Oil-Gas Field DistributionACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA (ENGLISH EDITION), Issue 1 2009Qingchen WANG Abstract: South China could be divided into one stable craton, the Yangtze Craton (YzC), and several orogenic belts in the surrounding region, that is the Triassic Qinling-Dabie Orogenic Belt (QDOB) in the north, the Songpan-Garzê Orogenic Belt (SGOB) in the northwest, the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Three-river Orogenic Belt (TOB) in the west, the Youjiang Orogenic Belt (YOB) in the southwest, the Middle Paleozoic Huanan Orogenic Belt (HOB) in the southeast, and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Maritime Orogenic Belt (MOB) along the coast. Seismic tomographic images reveal that the Moho depth is deeper than 40 km and the lithosphere is about 210 km thick beneath the YzC. The SGOB is characterized by thick crust (>40 km) and thin lithosphere (<150 km). The HOB, YOB and MOB have a thin crust (<40 km) and thin lithosphere (<150 km). Terrestrial heat flow survey revealed a distribution pattern with a low heat flow region in the eastern YzC and western HOB and two high heat flow regions in the TOB and MOB respectively. Such a "high-low-high" heat flow distribution pattern could have resulted from Cenozoic asthenosphere upwelling. All oil-gas fields are concentrated in the central part of the YzC. Remnant oil pools have been discovered along the southern margin of the YzC and its adjacent orogenic belts. From a viewpoint of geological and geophysical structure, regions in South China with thick lithosphere and low heat flow value, as well as weak deformation, might be the ideal region for further petroleum exploration. [source] Comparing the anatomical consistency of the posterior superior iliac spine to the iliac crest as reference landmarks for the lumbopelvic spine: A retrospective radiological studyCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 7 2007J.M. McGaugh Abstract A palpation reference line coursing between the superior-most aspect of the iliac crests has been reported to cross the L4 spinous process or L4/L5 intervertebral space in ,80% of the population. Comparable data have not been defined for the line coursing between the posterior superior iliac spines (PSIS). The purpose of this study was to compare the anatomical consistency of the PSIS to the iliac crest as landmarks used for spinal palpation. One hundred computerized tomographic images were reviewed in a three-dimensional setting. Two horizontal lines were constructed on each image: Line 1 representing the superior-most aspect of the iliac crest and Line 2 representing the inferior margin of the PSIS. The vertical distance between each horizontal line and the inferior edge of its respective spinous process were measured. The PSIS corresponded to the S2 spinous process in 81% of subjects and the iliac crest to the L4 spinous process in 59% of subjects. Distance measures suggest that the PSIS was closer to S2 versus the iliac crest to L4 (t = 6.998; P < 0.01). The PSIS crossed S2 more frequently than the iliac crest crossed L4 (,2 = 12.719, P , 0.01). The study findings support the relationship between the PSIS, and the spinous process of S2 is more consistent when compared to the iliac crest and the spinous process of L4. The PSIS reference line may be used to find S2 as a reference standard in validity and reliability palpation studies in the lower lumbar spine. Clin. Anat. 20:819,825, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Radiologic measurements of the mandible: a comparison between CT-reformatted and conventional tomographic imagesCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 2 2004Hanazawa Tomomi Abstract: This study was carried out to compare the accuracy of determination of the mandibular contour and the position of the mandibular canal in cadaver mandibles by the multiplanar reconstruction method (MPR-CT), which has recently come to be used widely for preoperative examinations, with those by tomographic techniques and to evaluate the usefulness of MPR-CT. Using three imaging systems, i.e. Quantum CT scanner, Scanora, and OP-100, a total of 6 sites were scanned in the molar regions of 3 cadaver mandibles. The images obtained were measured twice each by 4 radiologists. The anatomic structures measured were the height and thickness of the mandible, distance from the alveolar crest to the mandibular canal, and distance from the buccal cortical bone to the mandibular canal. After scanning, the scanned areas of the mandibles were sliced at a thickness of 2 mm, and soft X-ray images of these slices were obtained. The values of the above 4 anatomic structures obtained by measurements in the soft X-ray radiograms using digital-display calipers were regarded as true values. When compared with the true values, the errors in the distance from the alveolar crest to the mandibular canal were within 1 mm (±1 mm) in 93.7% of the measurements by Direct-CT, 89.6% of the measurements by MPR-CT, 87.5% of the measurements by Scanora, and 47.9% of the measurements by OP-100, and the accuracy of the 4 methods ranked in the order of Direct-CT, MPR-CT, Scanora, and OP-100. A similar tendency was observed in the measurements of other anatomic structures, and statistically significant differences were observed among the methods. Thus, MPR-CT allows more accurate measurements than by the other 2 tomographic techniques,and to be useful as a preoperative examination for implant surgery. Résumé Cette étude a été menée afin de comparer la précision de la détermination du contour de la mandibule et de la position du canal mandibulaire dans des mandiblules de cadavres par la méthode de reconstruction par multi-plans (MPR-CT), qui a récemment été très utilisée pour les examens préopératoires, avec celle des techniques de tomographie et d'évaluer l'utilité de MPR-CT en utilisant trois systèmes d'image; c.-à-d. le scanner CT Quantum, le Scanora et l'OP-100, Six sites ont été balayés dans la région molaire de trois mandibules de cadavres. Les images obtenues ont été mesurées deux fois par quatre radiologues. Les structures anatomiques mesurées étaient la hauteur et l'épaisseur de la mandibule, la distance du rebord alvéolaire jusqu'au canal mandibulaire et la distance de l'os cortical vestibulaire au canal mandibulaire. Après balayage, les zones balayées des mandibules ont été coupées en tranches d'une épaisseur de 2 mm et des images radiographiques de ces tranches ont été obtenues. Les valeurs des quatre structures anatomiques mentionnées précédemment obtenues par les mesures des radiogrammes utilisant les compas digitaux étaient considérées comme valeurs correctes. Lorsqu'elles étaient comparées aux valeurs correctes, les erreurs dans la distance du rebord alvéolaire jusqu'au canal mandibulaire étaient inférieures à 1±1 mm dans 94 % des mesures par CT-Direct, 90% dans les mesures par MPR-CT, 88% des mesures par Scanora et 48% des mesures par OP-100, et la précision des quatre méthodes était dans l'ordre CT-Direct, MPR-CT, Scanora et OP-100. Une tendance semblable a été observée dans les mesures d'autres structures anatomiques et des différences statistiquement significatives ont été observées parmi les méthodes. Le CT-PMR apporte donc plus de mesures précises que les deux autres techniques de tomographie et devrait être utilisé pourl'examen préopératoire lors de la chirurgie implantaire. Zusammenfassung Radiologische Messungen im Unterkiefer: Ein Vergleich zwischen reformatierten CTs und konventionellen tomographischen Bildern Diese Studie wurde durchgeführt, um die Genauigkeit bei der Bestimmung der Kontur des Unterkiefers und bei der Lokalisation des Mandibularkanals in Kadaverunterkiefern durch die multiplanare Rekonstruktionsmethode (MPR-CT) mit konventionellen tomographischen Techniken zu vergleichen. Die MPR-CT wird seit kurzem oft für präoperative Untersuchungen angewendet. Zudem sollte die Anwendbarkeit der MPR-CT untersucht werden. Bei 3 Kadaverunterkiefern wurden je 6 Stellen in der Molarenregion mit 3 verschiedenen Systemen, Quantum CT Scanner, Scanora und OP-100, untersucht. Die erhaltenen Bilder wurden zweimal durch 4 Radiologen ausgewertet. Die folgenden anatomischen Strukturen wurden ausgemessen: Höhe und Dicke des Unterkiefers, Distanz vom Alveolarkamm zum Mandibularkanal und Distanz vom bukkalen kortikalen Knochen zum Mandibularkanal. Nach den Aufnahmen wurden die untersuchten Stellen auf eine Dicke von 2 mm geschnitten und es wurden Röntgenaufnahmen mit weichen Strahlen von den Schnitten angefertigt. Die Werte der obenerwähnten 4 anatomischen Strukturen, welche durch Messungen in den Röntgen mit weicher Strahlung mittels Zirkel mit Digitalanzeige ermittelt worden waren, wurden als wahre Werte angenommen. Im Vergleich zu den wahren Werten lag der Fehler bei der Distanz vom Alveolarkamm zum Mandibularkanal bei 93.7% der Messungen mit direktem CT, bei 89.6% der Messungen mit MPR-CT, bei 87.5% der Messungen mit Scanora und bei 47.9% der Messungen mit dem OP-100 innerhalb von 1mm (±1mm). Die Genauigkeit der 4 Methoden nahm in folgender Reihenfolge ab: direkte CT, MPR-CT, Scanora und OP-100. Eine ähnliche Tendenz konnte bei den Messungen der anderen anatomischen Strukturen beobachtet werden und zwischen den Methoden bestanden statistisch signifikante Unterschiede. Die MPR-CT ergaben genauere Messungen als die zwei anderen tomographischen Techniken. Die Methode ist daher hilfreich bei der präoperativen Untersuchung vor Implantatchirurgie. Resumen Este estudio se llevó a cabo para comparar la exactitud de la determinación del contorno mandibular y la posición del canal mandibular en mandíbulas de cadáver por medio del método de reconstrucción multiplanar (MPR-CT), que recientemente se ha convertido de uso extendido para exámenes preoperatorios, con aquellas técnicas tomográficas y para evaluar la utilidad de MPR-CT. Se escanearon un total de 6 lugares en la región molar de 3 mandíbulas de cadáver usando tres sistemas de imágenes, i.e. escáner Quantum CT, Scanora y OP-100. Las imágenes obtenidas se midieron dos veces cada una por 4 radiólogos. Las estructuras anatómicas medidas fueron altura y grosor de la mandíbula, distancia de la cresta alveolar al canal mandibular, y distancia desde el hueso cortical vestibular al canal mandibular. Tras realizar el escáner, las áreas escaneadas de las mandíbulas se cortaron en lonchas de 2 mm de grosor, y se obtuvieron imágenes radiológicas blandas de estos cortes. Los valores de las ya mencionadas 4 estructuras anatómicas obtenidas por mediciones en los radiogramas radiográficos usando calibres de visualización digital se consideraron como valores reales, los errores en la distancia desde la cresta alveolar al canal mandibular estaban dentro de 1 mm (±1 mm) en 93.7% de las mediciones por CT-directa, 89.6% de las mediciones por MPR_CT, 87.5% de las mediciones por Scanora, y el 47.9% de las mediciones por OP-100, y la exactitud de los 4 métodos se clasificaron en orden de CT-directa, MPR-CT, MPR-CT, Scanora, y OP-100. Se observó una tendencia similar en las mediciones de otras estructuras anatómicas, y se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los métodos. De este modo, MPR-CT permite unas mediciones mas exactas que las de las otras 2 técnicas tomográficas, y ser útil como examen preoperatorio para cirugía de implantes. [source] | ||||||||||||||||