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To Face (to + face)
Kinds of To Face Terms modified by To Face Selected AbstractsNanostructured Catalysts from the Liquid,Liquid InterfaceCHEMCATCHEM, Issue 4 2009Face to Face: Understanding and utilizing nanoscale materials in catalysis requires control not only over size and shape, but also over surface structuring. A recent study by O,Brien,et al. demonstrated the assembly of nanoscale ceria by growth at liquid,liquid interfaces, which, by alteration of growth times, pH,values, and temperatures, affords a high level of control over ceria particle size. [source] Postgraduate education for doctors in smoking cessationDRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW, Issue 5 2009NICHOLAS A. ZWAR Abstract Introduction and Aims. Smoking cessation advice from doctors helps improve quit rates but the opportunity to provide this advice is often missed. Postgraduate education is one strategy to improve the amount and quality of cessation support provided. This paper describes a sample of postgraduate education programs for doctors in smoking cessation and suggests future directions to improve reach and quality. Design and Methods. Survey of key informants identified through tobacco control listserves supplemented by a review of the published literature on education programs since 2000. Programs and publications from Europe were not included as these are covered in another paper in this Special Issue. Results. Responses were received from only 21 key informants from eight countries. Two further training programs were identified from the literature review. The following components were present in the majority of programs: 5 As (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist and Arrange) approach (72%), stage of change (64%), motivational interviewing (72%), pharmacotherapies (84%). Reference to clinical practice guidelines was very common (84%). The most common model of delivery of training was face to face. Lack of interest from doctors and lack of funding were identified as the main barriers to uptake and sustainability of training programs. Discussion and Conclusions. Identifying programs proved difficult and only a limited number were identified by the methods used. There was a high level of consistency in program content and a strong link to clinical practice guidelines. Key informants identified limited reach into the medical profession as an important issue. New approaches are needed to expand the availability and uptake of postgraduate education in smoking cessation.[Zwar NA, Richmond RL, Davidson D, Hasan I. Postgraduate education for doctors in smoking cessation. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009;28:466,473] [source] Drug use among female sex workers in Hanoi, VietnamADDICTION, Issue 5 2005Trung Nam Tran ABSTRACT Aims To describe the drug use practices among female sex workers (FSWs) in Hanoi and to identify factors associated with their drug injecting. Design, setting and particicipants A two-stage cluster survey of 400 FSWs was conducted from June to September, 2002. Participating FSWs were both establishment- (160) and street-based (240), who were practising in seven urban and one suburban districts of Hanoi. Measurements Subjects were interviewed face to face using a structured questionnaire. Findings Among the middle-class FSWs, 27% used drugs, of whom 79% injected. Among low-class FSWs, 46% used drugs and 85% injected. Among drug-using FSWs, 86% had started using drugs within the past 6 years. Among drug-injecting FSWs, 81% had started injecting within the past 4 years. Cleaning of injecting equipment was not common among those who shared. Having drug-injecting ,love mates', drug-using clients, longer residence in Hanoi, more clients and not currently cohabiting were found to be independently associated with drug injecting among FSWs. Conclusions The high prevalence of injecting drug use among FSWs makes them susceptible to HIV infection, and is a threat to their clients. There is a strong relationship between drug-using FSWs and male drug-using clients and non-client partners. Intervention to prevent drug use initiation among non-drug-using FSWs and harm reduction among drug-using FSWs are urgently needed. [source] Internet networking for pharmacists: an evaluation of a mailing list for UK pharmacistsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, Issue 1 2003Mr. Anthony R. Cox teaching fellow Objective To analyse the content of messages to an internet mailing list for UK pharmacists and to ascertain if the list was performing a continuing professional development (CPD) function. Method For one month all messages to the main list were categorised by topic; details of the gender of the correspondent and their sector of the profession were noted. Members were surveyed using an internet questionnaire. Setting The population of subscribers to the mailing list at http:www.private-rx.com Key findings The top three categories of e-mails posted to the list were clinical pharmacy (20%), pharmacy politics (18%) and non-pharmacy chat (14%). Other subjects included legal issues, the Drug Tariff, government policy, business, risk management and e-mails of a personal and supportive nature. The survey obtained a 46% response rate. Ninety-eight per cent of respondents found the list valuable. Respondents reported increased face to face and Internet contact with other pharmacists after joining the list. Forty-four per cent of respondents said their practice had changed as a result of information gained from the mailing list. Qualitative data self-reported by respondents indicated increased self-perceived competence, confidence, knowledge and skills. Approaches to CPD had also been re-examined. Listening to peers' views and overcoming isolation was seen as important. Conclusion Private-Rx provided pharmacists with a rapid route for information gain, had perceived benefits and appeared to have brought about changes in practice. Internet discussion enables CPD without the restriction of time or place and reaches pharmacists who are under-represented in formal education programmes. [source] Biological images of geological history: through a glass darkly or brightly face to face?JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY, Issue 2 2003Jeremy D. Holloway Abstract Aim, To explore the implications for historical biogeography of a recent review of island biogeographical theory in three main thematic areas and to suggest ways in which a synthesis between the two approaches might be achieved to the benefit of both. Location, The Indo-Australian tropics. Theme 1, discusses the relationship of species number to area, and how the nestedness of faunas may influence the methodology used for some types of analysis and also the quality of data expected from an archipelago embracing an extreme range of island sizes. Theme 2, examines the way in which the processes of speciation may lead to development of biogeographical patterns through a complex archipelago, illustrated in particular with reference to Sulawesi where biotic enrichment from different lepidopteran groups follows predictions from island biogeographical theory. This also has implications for patterns of endemism in the archipelago, another constraint on the quality of data available for historical biogeography. Theme 3, addresses ecological determinism as an influence in development of biogeographical pattern, focusing on the theme of specificity in insect,plant relationships and the potential for parallel development of pattern in an insect group and its particular plant host group. This theme is developed with particular reference to moth and plant groups that may represent Gondwanan elements in the Oriental fauna, with an analysis of Sarcinodes, a geometrid moth genus associated with Proteaceae. Main conclusions, Prospects are assessed for the synthesis of the two approaches of island biogeography and historical biogeography. Modelling pattern development with the former may complement the methods of analysis of the latter, particularly if some satisfactory method for dating events of pattern development can also be incorporated. [source] Nurse discharge planning in the emergency department: a Toowoomba, Australia, studyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 8 2006Desley Hegney BA Aim., This study aimed to ascertain whether a model of risk screening carried out by an experienced community nurse was effective in decreasing re-presentations and readmissions and the length of stay of older people presenting to an Australian emergency department. Objectives., The objectives of the study were to (i) identify all older people who presented to the emergency department of an Australian regional hospital; (ii) identify the proportion of re-presentations and readmissions within this cohort of patients; and (iii) risk-screen all older patients and provide referrals when necessary to community services. Design., The study involved the application of a risk screening tool to 2139 men and women over 70 years of age from October 2002 to June 2003. Of these, 1102 (51·5%) were admitted and 246 (11·5%) were re-presentations with the same illness. Patients presenting from Monday to Friday from 08:00 to 16:00 hours were risk-screened face to face in the emergency department. Outside of these hours, but within 72 hours of presentation, risk screening was carried out by telephone if the patient was discharged or within the ward if the patient had been admitted. Results., There was a 16% decrease in the re-presentation rate of people over 70 years of age to the emergency department. Additionally during this time there was a 5·5% decrease in the readmission rate (this decrease did not reach significance). There was a decrease in the average length of stay in hospital from 6·17 days per patient in October 2002 to 5·37 days per patient in June 2003. An unexpected finding was the decrease in re-presentations in people who represented to the emergency department three or more times per month (known as ,frequent flyers'). Conclusions., Risk screening of older people in the emergency department by a specialist community nurse resulted in a decrease of re-presentations to the emergency department. There was some evidence of a decreased length of stay. It is suggested that the decrease in re-presentations was the result of increased referral and use of community services. It appears that the use of a specialist community nurse to undertake risk screening rather than the triage nurse may impact on service utilization. Relevance to clinical practice., It is apparent that older people presenting to the emergency department have complex care needs. Undertaking risk screening using an experienced community nurse to ascertain the correct level of community assistance required and ensuring speedy referral to appropriate community services has positive outcomes for both the hospital and the patient. [source] Concordance with community mental health appointments: service users' reasons for discontinuationJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 7 2004Tony Hostick MSc Background., Quality issues are being given renewed emphasis through clinical governance and a drive to ensure service users' views underpin health service development. Aims., To establish service users' reasons for discontinuation of community based mental health appointments in one National Health Service Trust. Method., A two-phase survey of all non-completers over a year. Phase one using a structured postal questionnaire. Phase two using structured interviews with respondents to phase one by post, telephone and face to face. Results., A total of 243 discharges because of non-completion were identified by local services over the 12 months of the study and followed up by initial questionnaire. This represents 8.19% of all discharges (2967) within the same period. Forty-four users were engaged and followed up within phase two of the survey. Data were subject to both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Conclusions., Analysis of responses suggests that the main reasons for non-completion are because of dissatisfaction although the reasons are varied and the interplay between variables is complex. Whilst this user group are not apparently suffering from ,severe mental illness', there is clear, expressed need for a service. Relevance to clinical practice., Whoever provides such a service should be responsive to expressed need and a non-medical approach seems to be favoured. If these needs are appropriately met then users are more likely to be engaged and satisfaction is likely to be improved. Although this in itself does not necessarily mean improved clinical outcomes, users are more likely to stay in touch until an agreed discharge. Practical problems of applied health service research are discussed and recommendations are made for a review of referral systems, service delivery and organization with suggestions for further research. [source] How and what university students learn through online and face-to-face discussion: conceptions, intentions and approachesJOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING, Issue 4 2006R. A. Ellis Abstract This paper reports a phenomenographic investigation into students' experiences of learning through discussion , both online and face to face (F2F). The study context was a second-year undergraduate course in psychology for social work in which the teacher had designed discussion tasks to begin in F2F mode and to continue online. A combination of open-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews was used to investigate students' conceptions of what they were learning, their intentions and their approaches to learning through discussion. Analysis of the interview and open-ended questionnaire data identified a number of qualitatively different conceptions, intentions and approaches to learning through discussion. Associations were found between what students thought they were learning through discussions, their approaches to learning through discussion and their course grade. Students with a cohesive conception and students adopting a deep approach (to learning through online discussion) got better course grades. There was no significant difference between deep and surface approaches to F2F discussion and course grade. The outcomes of this study have implications for the design of online and F2F discussion tasks and in particular for helping students adopt richer conceptions of what they stand to gain through discussion. [source] MULTIPLE TIME-INTENSITY ANALYSIS AND ACCEPTANCE OF RASPBERRY-FLAVORED GELATINJOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 5 2009ALESSANDRA B. PALAZZO ABSTRACT Face to face with the scenario of current human nutrition, there is an ever-growing preoccupation with the provision of healthy and rapidly prepared diets, gelatin being an important product, taking into consideration its properties, such as muscular regeneration and bone strengthening. The objective of this work is to evaluate different brands of raspberry-flavored gelatin, both traditional and diet, by multiple time-intensity analysis for sweet, acid and raspberry flavor, as well as an acceptance test with 120 consumers. The statistical analysis included variance analysis, Tukey tests and Internal Preference Map. The results showed that there was no significant difference between all the samples to the time in which the maximum intensity of sweetness and acidity occurs. The results indicated a greater acceptance of the traditional samples, which were preferred by the majority (85% regarding intention to purchase). The aspartame/acessulfame-potassium edulcorants were those that recorded behavior most distant from sucrose, compared with sodium saccharine and sodium cyclamate edulcorants. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The time-intensity analysis is important to provide how the flavor behavior is for the consumers during the food ingestion and is used in order to obtain the temporal profile of an attribute in a certain product. This analysis is different from the conventional descriptive analysis because it allows the verification of changes in the perception of a product's attribute over time. The sensory results showed in this study should be useful to researchers and product developers who are working with different edulcorants in food, especially in gelatin products. Observing both multiple time-intensity curves and affective data at the same time, it is possible to determine which intensity and duration of sensory characteristics have influenced the consumer's preference. [source] Primates face to face: The conservation implications of human-nonhuman primate interconnectionsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2003Janette Wallis No abstract is available for this article. [source] Why Bother With Hebrews?THE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 1 2002Marie E. Isaacs Few, if any, present-day undergraduate degree courses in Theology include in their syllabus a study of the Epistle to the Hebrews or other New Testament writings other than the Gospels and the Pauline epistles. The result is in effect that we create a canon within a canon. This paper, originally read at a postgraduate seminar, gives reasons why Hebrews in particular should not be neglected. Hebrews provides evidence of the diversity of early Christian tradition, for example, with its teaching that it is impossible to be re-admitted to the community of faith, having once abandoned it, and with its unique use of Israel's day of Atonement rites in its presentation of Christ. Moreover, the very genre of Hebrews merits particular interest. Hebrews also evidences a Christian community which has yet to break with Judaism. Its thoroughly Jewish background illustrates for students of the New Testament the necessity of knowing the Jewish Scriptures as well as the writings of the New Testament. Moreover, a study of the Epistle could make a constructive contribution to present-day Jewish,Christian dialogue, even if in the past it has been enlisted on the side of a thinly-disguised anti-Semitism. Finally, Hebrews (e.g., with its depiction of Jesus as sacrificial victim and as High Priest) brings the student face to face with the metaphorical character of much of the language of the New Testament , a form of language which is not to be taken less seriously than other kinds of language; and in this case, Hebrews' Day of Atonement metaphors issue in new insights , in an innovative theology of access to God. For this and other reasons, the study of Hebrews has an important contribution to make to theology degree syllabuses. [source] POSTNATAL REPRODUCTIVE AUTONOMY: PROMOTING RELATIONAL AUTONOMY AND SELF-TRUST IN NEW PARENTSBIOETHICS, Issue 1 2009SARA GOERING ABSTRACT New parents suddenly come face to face with myriad issues that demand careful attention but appear in a context unlikely to provide opportunities for extended or clear-headed critical reflection, whether at home with a new baby or in the neonatal intensive care unit. As such, their capacity for autonomy may be compromised. Attending to new parental autonomy as an extension of reproductive autonomy, and as a complicated phenomenon in its own right rather than simply as a matter to be balanced against other autonomy rights, can help us to see how new parents might be aided in their quest for competency and good decision making. In this paper I show how a relational view of autonomy , attentive to the coercive effects of oppressive social norms and to the importance of developing autonomy competency, especially as related to self-trust , can improve our understanding of the situation of new parents and signal ways to cultivate and to better respect their autonomy. [source] A conceptual framework based on Activity Theory for mobile CSCLBRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2 2007Gustavo Zurita There is a need for collaborative group activities that promote student social interaction in the classroom. Handheld computers interconnected by a wireless network allow people who work on a common task to interact face to face while maintaining the mediation afforded by a technology-based system. Wirelessly interconnected handhelds open up new opportunities for introducing collaboration and thereby changing classroom pedagogical practices. We present a conceptual framework and a method for the design of a mobile computer-supported collaborative learning system based on Activity Theory. An instance of the framework for teaching basic mathematics skills was evaluated with 24 6- and 7-year-old children in a month-long study. Positive effects were observed on student social interaction, motivation and learning. [source] Evaluation of a screening interview for restless legs syndromeACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 1 2009C. C. Bourguet Objectives,,, We evaluated a fully structured interview for restless legs syndrome (RLS) for potential use in primary care settings and in epidemiological research. Methods,,, Seventy-four veterans were recruited at Veterans Affairs outpatient clinics. The interview was administered telephonically by trained non-clinicians (time 1) and readministered face to face (time 2). A physician conducted gold standard examinations. We calculated sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility. Results,,, Reproducibility was low (, = 0.34, P < 0.01), but was higher for interviews repeated within 1 year (, = 0.55, P < 0.01). Including those reporting ,3 symptoms as cases, sensitivity ranged from 63% (time 1) to 75% (time 2). Specificity ranged from 88% to 71%. Conclusions,,, The sensitivity and specificity reported here are lower than previously reported in specialty care. This interview for RLS might be useful for preliminary screening of patients with related complaints if followed by additional diagnostic maneuvers or might be used in observational epidemiological research. [source] Adolescent life events and adult mental health 5,9 years after referral for acute psychiatric outpatient treatmentCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY (AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY & PRACTICE), Issue 6 2004T. Skarbø Knowledge is needed of mental health in relation to life events of former acute child and adolescent outpatients at risk of suicide. The present study describes the long-term mental health outcome of young adults who as children or adolescents were referred to outpatient psychiatry for mental health problems, and identifies putative mental health statistical outcome predictors at follow-up, with focus on life events. One hundred patients referred to treatment at child and adolescent outpatient clinics in Nordland County, Norway, during 1990,1994 were interviewed face to face, 5,9 years after referral. At follow-up, life events at young age were associated with the mental health status in spite of referral and acute psychotherapeutic intervention. There was a general effect of life events at young age, affecting a large number of mental health variables. Childhood and adolescence difficulties were highly correlated, indicating a possible continuation of effects from childhood to adolescence.,Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||