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Tissue Matrix (tissue + matrix)
Selected AbstractsBorrelia burgdorferi adhesins identified using in vivo phage displayMOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2007Styliani Antonara Summary Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, disseminates from the site of deposition by Ixodes ticks to cause systemic infection. Dissemination occurs through the circulation and through tissue matrices, but the B. burgdorferi molecules that mediate interactions with the endothelium in vivo have not yet been identified. In vivo selection of filamentous phage expressing B. burgdorferi protein fragments on the phage surface identified several new candidate adhesins, and verified the activity of one adhesin that had been previously characterized in vitro. P66, a B. burgdorferi ligand for ,3 -chain integrins, OspC, a protein that is essential for the establishment of infection in mammals, and Vls, a protein that undergoes antigenic variation in the mammal, were all selected for binding to the murine endothelium in vivo. Additional B. burgdorferi proteins for which no functions have been identified, including all four members of the OspF family and BmpD, were identified as candidate adhesins. The use of in vivo phage display is one approach to the identification of adhesins in pathogenic bacteria that are not easily grown in the laboratory, or for which genetic manipulations are not straightforward. [source] The use of an acellular dermal regenerative tissue matrix in the treatment of lower extremity wounds: a prospective 16-week pilot studyINTERNATIONAL WOUND JOURNAL, Issue 3 2006Stephen A BrigidoArticle first published online: 19 SEP 200 Abstract A prospective, single-centre, randomized controlled study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of Graftjacket, a human acellular regenerative tissue matrix as a treatment option for chronic non healing lower extremity wounds. Twenty-eight diabetic patients with full-thickness wounds that had been present for at least 6 weeks were treated with sharp debridement and randomized to a single application of Graftjacket tissue matrix plus mineral oil-soaked fluff compression dressing or to a control treatment of wound gel with gauze dressings. All patients were seen weekly. By week 16, 12 of 14 patients treated with Graftjacket tissue matrix demonstrated complete wound closure compared with 4 of 14 patients in the control group. Patients treated with Graftjacket tissue matrix showed a statistically significant higher percentage of wound healing with respect to wound area, and clinically significant differences in wound depth and wound volume. This comparison is not performed to demonstrate that the application of the Grafjacket is more effective than sharp debridement. This study is done to help assign a role to the use of Graftjacket matrix in lower extremity wound care. [source] Identification, physiological actions, and distribution of TPSGFLGMRamide: a novel tachykinin-related peptide from the midgut and stomatogastric nervous system of Cancer crabsJOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, Issue 5 2007Elizabeth A. Stemmler Abstract In most invertebrates, multiple species-specific isoforms of tachykinin-related peptide (TRP) are common. In contrast, only a single conserved TRP isoform, APSGFLGMRamide, has been documented in decapod crustaceans, leading to the hypothesis that it is the sole TRP present in this arthropod order. Previous studies of crustacean TRPs have focused on neuronal tissue, but the recent demonstration of TRPs in midgut epithelial cells in Cancer species led us to question whether other TRPs are present in the gut, as is the case in insects. Using direct tissue matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry, in combination with sustained off-resonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation, we found that at least one additional TRP is present in Cancer irroratus, Cancer borealis, Cancer magister, and Cancer productus. The novel TRP isoform, TPSGFLGMRamide, was present not only in the midgut, but also in the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS). In addition, we identified an unprocessed TRP precursor APSGFLGMRG, which was detected in midgut tissues only. TRP immunohistochemistry, in combination with preadsorption studies, suggests that APSGFLGMRamide and TPSGFLGMRamide are co-localized in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG), which is contained within the STNS. Exogenous application of TPSGFLGMRamide to the STG elicited a pyloric motor pattern that was identical to that elicited by APSGFLGMRamide, whereas APSGFLGMRG did not alter the pyloric motor pattern. [source] Carbonate extraction process for the metabolic, isozymic and proteomic profiling of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.), a hyper-acidic plantPHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, Issue 2 2008Rajender Singh Sangwan Abstract Rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) is a valuable monoterpene-yielding plant. It has been well characterised phytochemically through the isolation of >270 secondary metabolites, however, there is hardly any biochemical or metabolic information concerning this plant. Initial attempts to investigate its metabolism failed to produce any enzyme activity in the tissue extracts prepared in routine extraction buffers owing to the intrinsic properties of the tissue matrix. It was recognised that cellular hyper-acidity (cell sap pH ,3.0) gave rise to very low protein levels in the extracts, thus prohibiting detection of activities of even primary metabolic enzymes that are usually abundantly present in plants. Tissue extraction in Tris solution without pH adjustment (as used for studies involving citrus and banana) led to little or no improvement. Therefore, a novel approach using sodium carbonate solution as an efficient extraction system for enzymes and proteins from the plant was studied. Functionality of the carbonate extraction has been demonstrated through its effectiveness, a several-fold superior performance, in yielding protein, monitoring primary metabolism and secondary metabolic enzymes, and isozymic and polypeptide profiling. The process may also be helpful in the reliable analysis of other acidic plant tissues. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Penile Enhancement Using Autologous Tissue Engineering with Biodegradable Scaffold: A Clinical and Histomorphometric StudyTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 9 2010Sava V. Perovic PhD ABSTRACT Introduction., Autologous tissue engineering with biodegradable scaffolds is a new treatment option for real penile girth enhancement. Aim., The aim of this article is to evaluate tissue remodeling after penile girth enhancement using this technique. Methods., Between June 2005 and May 2007, a group of 12 patients underwent repeated penile widening using biodegradable scaffolds enriched with expanded autologous scrotal dartos cells. Clinical monitoring was parallel to histological investigation of tissue remodeling. During second surgical procedure, biopsies were obtained 10,14 months after first surgery (mean 12 months, N = 6) and compared with those obtained after 22,24 months (mean 23 months, N = 6), and control biopsies from patients who underwent circumcision (N = 5). Blind evaluation of histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical finding was performed in paraffin sections. Main Outcome Measurements., Penile girth gain in a flaccid state ranged between 1.5 and 3.8 cm (mean 2.1 ± 0.28 cm) and in full erection between 1.2 and 4 cm (mean 1.9 ± 0.28 cm). Patients' satisfaction, defined by a questionnaire, was good (25%) and very good (75%). Results., In biopsies obtained 10,14 months after first surgery, highly vascularized loose tissue with collagen deposition associated with small foci of mild chronic and granulomatous inflammation surrounding residual amorphous material was observed. Fibroblast-like hyperplasia and small vessel neoangiogenesis occurred intimately associated with the progressive growth of vascular-like structures from accumulation of CD34 and alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells surrounding residual scaffold-like amorphous material. Capillary neoangiogenesis occurred inside residual amorphous material. In biopsies obtained after 22,24 months, inflammation almost disappeared and tissue closely resembled that of the dartos fascia of control group. Conclusions., Autologous tissue engineering using expanded scrotal dartos cells with biodegradable scaffolds is a new and promising method for penile widening that generates progressive accumulation of stable collagen-rich, highly vascularized tissue matrix that closely resemble deep dartos fascia. Perovic SV, Sansalone S, Djinovic R, Ferlosio A, Vespasiani G, and Orlandi A. Penile enhancement using autologous tissue engineering with biodegradable scaffold: A clinical and histomorphometric study. J Sex Med 2010;7:3206,3215. [source] | |||||||||||||