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Tissue Integrity (tissue + integrity)
Selected AbstractsNursing-Sensitive Outcome Implementation and Reliability Testing in a Tertiary Care SettingINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING TERMINOLOGIES AND CLASSIFICATION, Issue 2003Julia G. Behrenbeck PURPOSE To describe the NOC outcomes most relevant for specialty nursing practice and in selected field sites representing the continuum of care; to assess the adequacy of measures (reliability, validity, sensitivity, specificity, practicality); and to describe the linkages among nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes in clinical decision making. METHODS Data were collected on 434 patients during the 12-month data collection period at a tertiary care center: cardiac surgery intensive care (n= 76), cardiac transplant unit (n= 153), and medical unit (n= 205). Medical diagnoses of patients on the two cardiac units were related to cardiac disease. Medical diagnoses of patients on the medical unit were extremely varied (ranging from e.g., gout to pneumonia). Data were collected on 65 separate outcome labels for a total of 633 ratings. FINDINGS In the cardiac transplant ICU, data were collected on 42 outcomes: 30 had an average interrater reliability of ,85%, and 16 had an absolute agreement interrater reliability of ,85%. In the cardiac surgery ICU, data were collected on 30 outcomes: 25 had an average interrater reliabilty of ,85%, 6 had an absolute agreement interrater of ,85%. In the medical unit, data were collected on 45 outcomes: 41 had an average interrater reliability of ,85%, 14 had an absolute agreement interrater reliability of ,85%. Four outcomes have been implemented into the documentation system for all patients: Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membranes, Mobility Level, Knowledge: Disease Process, and Coping. CONCLUSIONS Overall, nursing staff were very positive about having the opportunity to participate in nursing research. Staff were able to think about the relative status of their patient and how nursing care contributes to the patient's recovery. They appreciated the opportunity to discuss this with a colleague during the interrater exercise. Increased familiarity with NOC allows staff members to determine which outcomes comprise core nursing-sensitive outcomes for their clinical setting. [source] Complete replication of human cytomegalovirus in explants of first trimester human placentaJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 4 2001Liliana Gabrielli Abstract Tissue integrity and viability of first trimester placenta explants were obtained in culture for 3 weeks. Explants were infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), several cycles of HCMV replication were obtained and the progression of the infection was observed within a tissue that maintains its normal cellular organization. In agreement with recent clinical data, 3 weeks were necessary for the virus to colonize the placenta fully. Complete HCMV replication was observed in trophoblasts, followed by subsequent transmission of the infection to the stromal fibroblasts and fetal endothelial capillary cells. Viral DNA replication was monitored and the production of infectious viral progeny documented. J. Med. Virol. 64:499,504, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Soluble N-cadherin in human biological fluidsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 12 2006Lara Derycke Abstract Classical cadherins such as E-, P- and N-cadherin are transmembrane proteins that mediate cell,cell adhesion, and are important in embryogenesis, maintenance of tissue integrity and cancer. Proteolytic shedding of the extracellular domain results in the generation of soluble E-, P- or N-cadherin ectodomains. Circulating soluble E- and P-cadherin have been described in the serum, and elevated levels were detected in cancer patients when compared with healthy persons. Here we report the presence of soluble N-cadherin, a 90-kD protein fragment, in the serum of both healthy persons and cancer patients, using a direct ELISA and immunoprecipitation. A correlation was found between prostate specific antigen and soluble N-cadherin, and significantly elevated levels were detected in prostate cancer follow-up patients. The N-cadherin protein is neo-expressed by carcinomas of the prostate, and is responsible for epithelial to fibroblastic transition. This is reflected by the higher concentrations of soluble N-cadherin in prostate cancer patients than in healthy persons. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Lack of oxygen in articular cartilage: consequences for chondrocyte biologyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2010Jérôme E. Lafont Summary Controlling the chondrocytes phenotype remains a major issue for cartilage repair strategies. These cells are crucial for the biomechanical properties and cartilage integrity because they are responsible of the secretion of a specific matrix. But chondrocyte dedifferentiation is frequently observed in cartilage pathology as well as in tissue culture, making their study more difficult. Given that normal articular cartilage is hypoxic, chondrocytes have a specific and adapted response to low oxygen environment. While huge progress has been performed on deciphering intracellular hypoxia signalling the last few years, nothing was known about the particular case of the chondrocyte biology in response to hypoxia. Recent findings in this growing field showed crucial influence of the hypoxia signalling on chondrocytes physiology and raised new potential targets to repair cartilage and maintain tissue integrity. This review will thus focus on describing hypoxia-mediated chondrocyte function in the native articular cartilage. [source] Adhesion molecules in endometrial epithelium: tissue integrity and embryo implantationJOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Issue 1 2009Harmeet Singh Abstract Cell adhesion in endometrial epithelium is regulated to maintain the continuity and protectiveness of the luminal covering cell layer while permitting interstitial implantation of the embryo during a restricted period of about 4 days. Many apparently normal embryos fail to implant, and epithelial-embryo adhesion remains a poorly understood phenomenon. After menstruation, epithelial regeneration occurs by epiboly from the basal residues of glands, an activity that requires migration on extracellular matrix as well as cell,cell cohesion. Here we review current knowledge of adhesion molecules in the epithelium. [source] Pyridinium Cross-Links in Bone of Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Evidence of a Normal Intrafibrillar Collagen PackingJOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 7 2000Ruud A. Bank Ph.D. Abstract The brittleness of bone in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) has been attributed to an aberrant collagen network. However, the role of collagen in the loss of tissue integrity has not been well established. To gain an insight into the biochemistry and structure of the collagen network, the cross-links hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP) and the level of triple helical hydroxylysine (Hyl) were determined in bone of OI patients (types I, III, and IV) as well as controls. The amount of triple helical Hyl was increased in all patients. LP levels in OI were not significantly different; in contrast, the amount of HP (and as a consequence the HP/LP ratio and the total pyridinoline level) was significantly increased. There was no relationship between the sum of pyridinolines and the amount of triple helical Hyl, indicating that lysyl hydroxylation of the triple helix and the telopeptides are under separate control. Cross-linking is the result of a specific three-dimensional arrangement of collagens within the fibril; only molecules that are correctly aligned are able to form cross-links. Inasmuch as the total amount of pyridinoline cross-links in OI bone is similar to control bone, the packing geometry of intrafibrillar collagen molecules is not disturbed in OI. Consequently, the brittleness of bone is not caused by a disorganized intrafibrillar collagen packing and/or loss of cross-links. This is an unexpected finding, because mutant collagen molecules with a random distribution within the fibril are expected to result in disruptions of the alignment of neighboring collagen molecules. Pepsin digestion of OI bone revealed that collagen located at the surface of the fibril had lower cross-link levels compared with collagen located at the inside of the fibril, indicating that mutant molecules are not distributed randomly within the fibril but are located preferentially at the surface of the fibril. [source] Complications and limitations related to periprostatic local anesthesia before TRUS-guided prostate biopsyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 2 2008Ahmet T. Turgut MD Abstract Purpose To assess the frequency of complications specifically related to local anesthetic infiltration prior to transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy. Methods A total of 200 patients receiving 10 cm3 (5 cm3 on each side) of 2% lidocaine injected around the periprostatic nerve plexus under TRUS guidance before prostate biopsy were included. Various complications presumed to be associated with local anesthesia were noted during and after the biopsy procedure. Two weeks later, periprostatic tissue integrity and vascularization were re-examined with TRUS Doppler examination to assess for fibrosis or infection. Results The most common finding was pain due to puncture with the needle used for local anesthesia (27%). Also recorded were the need for repeated injections during the biopsy procedure (4.5%), symptoms associated with systemic lidocaine toxicity (2%), urinary incontinence (1.5%), and degradation of the image resolution due to anesthetic injection (1%). Increased vascularization within the periprostatic region was uncommon (2%) on the 2-week follow-up examination. No TRUS finding consistent with rectal wall hematoma or other periprostatic change and no erectile dysfunction associated with the procedure occurred. There was a significant difference in overall pain scores between the subgroups of patients (p < 0.001). Conclusion TRUS-guided periprostatic nerve blockade is an effective method for relieving discomfort from prostate biopsy with very few complications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008 [source] Onion Cells After High Pressure and Thermal Processing: Comparison of Membrane Integrity Changes Using Different Analytical Methods and Impact on Tissue TextureJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 7 2010Maria E. Gonzalez Abstract:, Two different analytical methods were evaluated for their capacity to provide quantitative information on onion cell membrane permeability and integrity after high pressure and thermal processing and to study the impact of these processing treatments on cell compartmentalization and texture quality. To determine changes in cell membrane permeability and/or integrity the methodologies utilized were: (1) measurement of a biochemical product, pyruvate, formed as a result of membrane permeabilization followed by enzymatic activity and (2) leakage of electrolytes into solution. These results were compared to previously determined methods that quantified cell viability and 1H-NMR T2 of onions. These methods allowed for the monitoring of changes in the plasma and tonoplast membranes after high pressure or thermal processing. High pressure treatments consisted of 5 min holding times at 50, 100, 200, 300, or 600 MPa. Thermal treatments consisted of 30 min water bath exposure to 40, 50, 60, 70, or 90 °C. There was strong agreement between the methods in the determination of the ranges of high pressure and temperature that induce changes in the integrity of the plasma and tonoplast membranes. Membrane rupture could clearly be identified at 300 MPa and above in high pressure treatments and at 60 °C and above in the thermal treatments. Membrane destabilization effects could already be visualized following the 200 MPa and 50 °C treatments. The texture of onions was influenced by the state of the membranes and was abruptly modified once membrane integrity was lost. Practical Application:, In this study, we used chemical, biochemical, and histological techniques to obtain information on cell membrane permeability and onion tissue integrity after high pressure and thermal processing. Because there was strong agreement between the various methods used, it is possible to implement something relatively simple, such as ion leakage, into routine quality assurance measurements to determine the severity of preservation methods and the shelf life of processed vegetables. [source] The effect of sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, on acetic acid-induced colonic inflammation in the ratJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 6 2009Sevgin Ozlem Iseri Abstract Background and Aim:, Sildenafil, a selective and potent inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE)5, has a relaxant effect on the smooth muscle cells of the arterioles supplying the human corpus cavernosum acting via nitric oxide (NO)-dependent mechanism. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of sildenafil citrate on the extent of tissue integrity, oxidant-antioxidant status and neutrophil infiltration to the inflamed organ in a rat model of acetic acid-induced colitis. Methods:, Colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of 1 mL of 5% acetic acid to Sprague-Dawley rats (200,250 g; n = 7,8/group). Control rats received an equal volume of saline intrarectally. In treatment groups, the rats were treated with either sildenafil citrate (5 mg/kg/day; subcutaneously) or saline for 3 days. After decapitation, distal colon was weighed and scored macroscopically and microscopically. Tissue samples were used for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and oxidant production. Trunk blood was collected for the assessment of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, and interleukin (IL)-1, levels. Results:, In the colitis group, the colonic tissue was characterized by lesions, increased lipid peroxidation with a concomitant reduction in GSH content, increased MPO activity and oxidant production. Serum TNF-, and IL-1, levels were higher in the colitis group compared to control values. Sildenafil reversed these inflammatory parameters nearly back to control values. Conclusions:, Sildenafil citrate administration to rats with acetic acid-induced colitis seems to be beneficial via prevention of lipid peroxidation, oxidant generation, cytokine production and neutrophil accumulation. [source] Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Intermediate Form of Maple Syrup Urine DiseaseJOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING, Issue 4 2002R. N. Sener ABSTRACT An 8-year-old boy with the intermediate variant of maple syrup urine disease is reported. On b= 1000 s/mm2 (heavily diffusion weighted) images of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, there was symmetric high signal in the globus pallidus, mesencephalon, dorsal pons, and nucleus dentatus, consistent with restriction of the mobility of water molecules. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps revealed low ADC values ranging from 0.42 to 0.56 ?10,3mm2/s in these regions, compared to those of apparently unaffected regions in the brain parenchyma ranging from 0.63 to 0.97 ?10,3 mm 2/s. It is suggested that the areas of increased signal (and low ADC values) are the result of dysmyelination as a reflection of disorganized tissue integrity. [source] Influence of postharvest UV-C treatment on refrigerated storage of minimally processed broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica)JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 6 2007Maria L Lemoine Abstract Minimally processed broccoli was treated with UV-C light (8 kJ m,2) and subsequently stored for 21 days at 4 °C. The UV-C treatment delayed yellowing and chlorophyll degradation during storage. Treated broccoli florets displayed lower electrolyte leakage and respiratory activity, indicating higher tissue integrity. Treated samples showed higher phenolic and ascorbic acid contents as well as higher antioxidant activity than controls. Treated samples also had a higher content of soluble sugars, but no differences in the content of soluble proteins between control and treated samples were detected. The UV-C treatment also affected bacterial and mould populations. After 21 days at 4 °C the number of colony-forming units of both populations was lower in treated than in control broccoli florets. The results suggest that UV-C treatment reduces tissue damage of minimally processed broccoli during storage at 4 °C, thus maintaining nutritional quality and reducing microbial growth. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Minimal Illumination for Direct Laryngoscopy and Intubation in Different Ambient Light SettingsACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 1 2010FRCPC, Ka Wai Cheung MD Abstract Objectives:, This study sought to investigate the minimal laryngoscope illumination required for proper laryngoscopy and intubation in different ambient light settings as determined by paramedics. Methods:, Paramedics qualified to intubate patients in the field were recruited to intubate a cadaver embalmed with a minimal fixation technique designed to maintain tissue integrity. All paramedic participants intubated the cadaver under three different ambient light settings representing possible out-of-hospital settings: an outdoor night setting, an indoor setting, and an outdoor day setting. Paramedics were asked to determine the minimal illumination required for intubation of the cadaver under each of these settings. Results:, Twenty-three paramedics participated in the study. The mean (±SD) minimal illumination required for intubation was 39.1 (±35.4) lux at the night setting, 92.5 (±57.3) lux at the indoor setting, and 209.7 (±117.4) lux at the day setting. There was a statistically significant difference in minimal illumination required between each of the three light settings (p < 0.0001). Conclusions:, Minimal illumination requirements in the out-of-hospital setting may be lower than previously recommended. Ambient light intensity affects this minimal illumination requirement, with brighter ambient light conditions necessitating more laryngoscope light output. Further studies assessing out-of-hospital laryngoscope illumination should consider ambient light conditions. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:103,107 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine [source] Effects of oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria on human dendritic cellsMOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2009T. Chino Background/aims:, The oral cavity harbors a diverse and complex microbial community. Bacteria accumulate on both the hard and soft oral tissues in sessile biofilms and engage the host in an intricate cellular dialog, which normally constrains the bacteria to a state of commensal harmony. Dendritic cells (DCs) are likely to balance tolerance and active immunity to commensal microorganisms as part of chronic inflammatory responses. While the role played by DCs in maintaining intestinal homeostasis has been investigated extensively, relatively little is known about DC responses to oral bacteria. Methods:, In this study, we pulsed human monocyte-derived immature DCs (iDCs) with cell wall extracts from pathogenic and commensal gram-positive or gram-negative oral bacteria. Results:, Although all bacterial extracts tested induced iDCs to mature and produce cytokines/chemokines including interleukin-12p40, tumor necrosis factor-,, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), the most important factor for programming DCs by oral bacteria was whether they were gram-positive or gram-negative, not whether they were commensal or pathogenic. In general, gram-negative oral bacteria, except for periodontopathic Porphyromonas gingivalis, stimulated DC maturation and cytokine production at lower concentrations than gram-positive oral bacteria. The threshold of bacteria needed to stimulate chemokine production was 100-fold to 1000-fold lower than that needed to induce cytokines. In addition, very low doses of oral commensal bacteria triggered monocytes to migrate toward DC-derived MCP-1. Conclusion:, Oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria do not differ qualitatively in how they program DCs. DC-derived MCP-1 induced in response to oral commensal bacteria may play a role, at least in part, in the maintenance of oral tissue integrity by attracting monocytes. [source] ,-Catenin dysregulation in cancer: interactions with E-cadherin and beyond,THE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2010Qun Lu Abstract Stable E-cadherin-based adherens junctions are pivotal in maintaining epithelial tissue integrity and are the major barrier for epithelial cancer metastasis. Proteins of the p120ctn subfamily have emerged recently as critical players for supporting this stability. The identification of the unique juxtamembrane domain (JMD) in E-cadherin that binds directly to ,-catenin/NPRAP/neurojungin (CTNND2) and p120ctn (CTNND1) provides a common motif for their interactions. Recently, crystallographic resolution of the JMD of p120ctn further highlighted possibilities of intervening between interactions of p120ctn subfamily proteins and E-cadherin for designing anti-cancer therapeutics. For most epithelial cancers, studies have demonstrated a reduction of p120ctn expression or alteration of its subcellular distribution. On the other hand, ,-catenin, a primarily neural-enriched protein in the brain of healthy individuals, is up-regulated in all cancer types that have been studied to date. Two research articles in the September 2010 issue of The Journal of Pathology increase our understanding of the involvement of these proteins in lung cancer. One reports the identification of rare p120ctn (CTNND1) gene amplification in lung cancer. One mechanism by which ,-catenin and p120ctn may play a role in carcinogenesis is their competitive binding to E-cadherin through the JMD. The other presents the first vigorous characterization of ,-catenin overexpression in lung cancer. Unexpectedly, the authors observed that ,-catenin promotes malignant phenotypes of non-small cell lung cancer by non-competitive binding to E-cadherin with p120ctn in the cytoplasm. Looking towards the future, the understanding of ,-catenin and p120ctn with and beyond their localization at the cell,cell junction should provide further insight into their roles in cancer pathogenesis. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Invited Commentary for Castillo et al. Gene amplification of the transcription factor DP1 and CTNND1 in human lung cancer, Journal of Pathology, 2010; 222: 89,98. And for Zhang et al. ,-Catenin promotes malignant phenotype of non-small cell lung cancer by non-competative binding to E-cadherin with p120ctn in cytoplasm. Journal of Pathology, 2010; 222: 76,88. [source] Modified immunohistological staining allows detection of Ziehl,Neelsen-negative Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms and their precise localization in human tissueTHE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2005Timo Ulrichs Abstract The diagnosis of mycobacterial infection depends on the Ziehl,Neelsen (ZN) stain, which detects mycobacteria because of their characteristic acid-fast cell wall composition and structure. The histological diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) comprises various aspects: (1) sensitive detection of mycobacteria; (2) precise localization of mycobacteria in the context of granulomatous lesions; (3) ,staging' of disease according to mycobacterial spread and granulomatous tissue integrity. Thus, detection of minute numbers of acid-fast bacteria in tissue specimens is critical. The conventional ZN stain fails to identify mycobacteria in numbers less than 104 per ml. Hence many infections evade diagnosis. PCR is highly sensitive, but allows neither localization within tissues nor staging of mycobacterial disease, and positive findings frequently do not correlate with disease. In this study, an anti- Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette,Guérin polyclonal antiserum (pAbBCG) was used to improve immunostaining, which was compared to the ZN stain in histological samples. Screening of tissue samples including lungs, pleural lesions, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and skin for mycobacterial infection revealed that pAbBCG staining detects infected macrophages harbouring intracellular mycobacteria or mycobacterial material as well as free mycobacteria that are present at low abundance and not detected by the ZN stain. The positive pAbBCG staining results were confirmed either by PCR analysis of microdissected stained tissue or by culture from tissue. This immunostaining approach allows precise localization of the pathogen in infected tissue. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||||||||