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Three-stage Model (three-stage + model)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Nurses' experiences with telephone triage and advice: a meta-ethnography

JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 3 2010
Rebecca J. Purc-Stephenson
purc-stephenson r.j. & thrasher c. (2010) Nurses' experiences with telephone triage and advice: a meta-ethnography. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(3), 482,494. Abstract Aims., This study is a meta-ethnography of nurses' experiences with telephone triage and advice and factors that facilitate or impede their decision-making process. Background., Telephone triage and advice services are a rapidly expanding development in health care. Unlike traditional forms of nursing practice, telenurses offer triage recommendations and advice to the general public without visual cues. Data sources., Published qualitative research on telephone triage and advice were sought from interdisciplinary research databases (1980,2008) and bibliographical reviews of retrieved studies. Review methods., Our systematic search identified 16 relevant studies. Two researchers independently reviewed, critically appraised, and extracted key themes and concepts from each study. We followed techniques of meta-ethnography to synthesize the findings, using both reciprocal and refutational translation to compare similar or contradictory findings, and a line-of-arguments synthesis. Results., We identified five major themes that highlight common issues and concerns experienced by telenurses: gaining and maintaining skills, autonomy, new work environment, holistic assessment, and stress and pressure. A line-of-arguments synthesis produced a three-stage model that describes the decision-making process used by telenurses and highlights how assessments largely depend on the ability to ,build a picture' of the patient and the presenting health issue. Conclusion., Telenurses experience a range of common concerns and issues which either impede or facilitate the decision-making process. Although ,building a picture' of the patient is key to making assessments over the telephone, final triage decisions are influenced by balancing the conflicting demands of being both carer and gatekeeper to limited healthcare services. [source]

Online Journalism and the War in Cyberspace: A Comparison Between U.S. and International Newspapers

JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, Issue 1 2006
Daniela V. Dimitrova
The 2003 Iraq War was the first military conflict in which online media played a significant role. Traditional news organizations from around the world provided extensive coverage of the conflict on their websites, reaching global audiences and adding new dimensions to traditional war reporting. This study explores how the Internet disseminated news about the war by comparing 26 international newspaper sites (N = 791) and their use of Web-specific features such as hyperlinks, animations, multimedia content, and interactive elements. By proposing a three-stage model of online journalism and applying it to the online war coverage, the analysis suggests that online journalism has not yet reached the state of convergence. The differences in online news coverage between the United States and international websites and their implications are also discussed. [source]

Bilayer to micelle transition of DMPC and alcohol ethoxylate surfactants as studied by isoperibol calorimetry

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 8 2005
Leticia Barriocanal
Abstract The interaction of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) with non-ionic surfactants has been studied using isoperibol calorimetry. Phospholipid-surfactant systems were formed in the isoperibol calorimeter with varying amounts of surfactant and the change in enthalpy on formation was measured. Solubilization of the phospholipid lamellae was assessed as a decrease in the enthalpy of reaction of co-films containing DMPC and increasing amounts of three linear alcohol ethoxylate surfactants: C10H21(OCH2CH2)3OH, C10H21(OCH2CH2)5OH, or C12H25(OCH2CH2)7OH. The isoperibol calorimetry data for DMPC/surfactant/water systems were consistent with a theoretical three-stage model for the solubilization of phospholipids by surfactants, whereby phospholipid bilayers are transformed into mixed micelles with increasing amounts of surfactant. The results indicate that: (i) the interaction between phospholipid and surfactants results in a non-linear correlation between the enthalpy of reaction and the surfactant concentration; (ii) the structural stage of the lamellar to micelle transition (mixed bilayers, mixed micelles, or both) can be determined from calorimetric data; (iii) phase boundaries in the solubilization process (bilayer saturation, micelle saturation) can be identified as break points in the enthalpy-concentration curve; and (iv) increasing the hydrophilicity of the surfactant results in a decrease of the surfactant concentration producing the onset of solubilization. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 94:1747,1755, 2005 [source]

Psychosocial Differences Between High-Risk Acute vs.

PAIN PRACTICE, Issue 2 2008
Chronic Low Back Pain Patients
,,Abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate the relative degree and type of emotional distress in high-risk acute low back pain (ALBP) subjects (defined as less than 3 months since initial injury) vs. high-risk chronic low back pain (CLBP) subjects (defined as greater than 3 months since initial injury). It is an extension of earlier findings that demonstrated the significant role that such emotional distress may play in the development of CLBP disability if not appropriately treated in the acute phase. This work stems from a conceptual three-stage model, which characterizes the progression from acute to chronic pain. Several psychosocial measures were administered that included information allowing for the classification of subjects as high-risk based upon an earlier developed screening algorithm. The ancova procedure in SPSS was used to compare groups, controlling for gender, ethnicity, and age. Results revealed that CLBP subjects had higher rates of certain measures of emotional distress and depression relative to ALBP subjects. These findings further support the importance of effectively managing emotional distress factors early, when treating musculoskeletal disorders such as low back pain.,, [source]