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Basic Services (basic + services)
Selected AbstractsHurricane Katrina and the Burdens of HistoryHISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 2 2006Adam Rothman Almost three months after Hurricane Katrina made landfall on the Gulf Coast, a New York Times editorial mourns, "We are about to lose New Orleans." The city remains crippled. Whole neighborhoods have been reduced to rubble. The federal, state, and local governments dither. Basic services are yet to be fully restored. Only a fraction of its residents have returned, and many never will. By the last count, more than a thousand New Orleanians died in the disaster. The sad truth is that we have already lost New Orleans. Whatever replaces it will not be the same. The city is history.1 [source] Poverty and Neo-Liberal Bias in the Middle East and North AfricaDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 4 2004Ray Bush This article examines the definition of poverty and the evidential base for the claims that the region of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has historically low levels of poverty and relatively good levels of income distribution. It argues that the dominant trend in the literature on poverty in the global south in general, and in MENA in particular, has a neo-classical bias. Amongst other things, that bias fails to understand that poverty does not emerge because of exclusion but because of poor people's ,differential incorporation' into economic and political processes. It also raises the question: if the MENA has indeed had relatively low levels of poverty and good income distribution, does this complicate the issue of autocracy and the western drive to remove political ,backwardness' in the region? In particular, the characterization of autocracy and the west's attempt to promote political liberalization is likely to impact adversely on the social contract that autocratic rulers have enforced regarding the delivery of basic services. [source] Promoting Stability and Development in Fragile and Failed StatesDEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 2 2006Monika François There is a growing recognition of the threat to international security posed by failed and fragile states, often marred by serious internal conflict that also has the potential of destabilising neighbouring states and providing ungoverned territory that can provide safe haven for terrorists. The inability of their governments to provide basic services is considered a significant contributory factor. Considerable donor efforts have been mobilised in recent years to help with the post-conflict reconstruction of states emerging from failure, and to halt the slide of fragile states towards failure, but with mixed effect. The international community needs to focus much more squarely on strengthening the emerging state and increasing its domestic legitimacy, rather than on promoting democracy. [source] Social Capital, Networks, and Community Environments in Bangkok, ThailandGROWTH AND CHANGE, Issue 4 2002Amrita Daniere This paper considers the case of Bangkok where, as in many Asian cities, the expansion of urban areas has outpaced the ability of public entities to manage and provide basic services. One potential way to improve the capacity of neighborhoods to assist in provision or improvement in environmental services is to enhance the positive contributions provided by local social networks and social capital. A conceptual framework is presented to explore the role of social networks in environmental management in polluted urban environments. This is followed by a brief description of the methodology and survey instrument used to collect information from a sample of community households in Bangkok and an analysis of the results from this survey regarding environmental practices, community action, and social networks. Some of the results suggest that increasing the number of social interactions that residents of a community experience is associated with increased community participation as, apparently, is increasing knowledge about what happens to waste or waste water after it leaves the community. Local public education efforts that focus on useful knowledge about environmental impacts may well be an effective way to encourage community participation. [source] The benefit,incidence of public spending: the Caribbean experienceJOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2006John Gafar This paper shows that public spending on basic services, to wit, primary and secondary education and basic health care benefit the poor; while the non-poor are the principal beneficiaries of tertiary and education subsidies and hospital spending. The evidence also shows that expenditures on infrastructure spending in the Caribbean benefit the non-poor disproportionately more than the poor. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Community-specific, preventive oral health policies: preventive measures on dental cariesJOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE AND CLINICAL DENTISTRY, Issue 1 2010Shahrokh Esfandiari Abstract In all health fields, limited infrastructure and resources hinder the provision of basic services to low-income populations. Subsequently, oral health is often neglected, as over 90% of caries remains untreated in developing communities. In order to deliver the most cost-effective prevention methods, public health officials must assess each available strategy on an individual community basis. In this paper, examples from oral health will demonstrate the importance of community-specific determinants in the formation of preventive public health policies. These determinants include economical, cultural, social, and political elements that can assist policy makers in generating effective functional public health policies. [source] Child Malnutrition and Mortality in Developing Countries: Evidence from a Cross-Country AnalysisANALYSES OF SOCIAL ISSUES & PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 1 2008Alberto Gabriele In this article, after having identified the main clusters of food-insecure households worldwide, and summarily analyzed their livelihood profiles, we discuss the interaction and relevance of the most relevant key economic and social factors causing child malnutrition and mortality. On the basis of an essential but consistent World Bank database, covering all developing and transition countries, we also carry out a cross-country econometric analysis on relations of income and non-income factors with child malnutrition and mortality. Our main findings are threefold. First, among income factors, each country's overall level of economic development is paramount, but income distribution also plays an important role. Second, taking into account that public provision of basic services tends to increase with economic growth, each country's relative propensity to spend on basic services is significantly and negatively correlated with child malnutrition and mortality. Third, gender-related cultural factors also play a large role. [source] | ||||||||||