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Basic Procedure (basic + procedure)
Selected AbstractsEnculturated chimpanzees imitate rationallyDEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE, Issue 4 2007David Buttelmann Human infants imitate others' actions ,rationally': they copy a demonstrator's action when that action is freely chosen, but less when it is forced by some constraint (Gergely, Bekkering & Király, 2002). We investigated whether enculturated chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) also imitate rationally. Using Gergely and colleagues' (2002) basic procedure, a human demonstrator operated each of six apparatuses using an unusual body part (he pressed it with his forehead or foot, or sat on it). In the Hands Free condition he used this unusual means even though his hands were free, suggesting a free choice. In the Hands Occupied condition he used the unusual means only because his hands were occupied, suggesting a constrained or forced choice. Like human infants, chimpanzees imitated the modeled action more often in the Hands Free than in the Hands Occupied condition. Enculturated chimpanzees thus have some understanding of the rationality of others' intentional actions, and use this understanding when imitating others. [source] The Brain of the Dog in Section: a Comprehensive View for Veterinary StudentsANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 2005I. Salazar Transversal, horizontal and sagittal sections of the brain were stained by the ancient but efficient Mulligan method, a procedure that establishes a clear macroscopic difference between the white and grey substances. Different structures of each section were studied and most of the details were identified and named according to the NAV. All sections were projected onto the whole brain. By means of this easy and basic procedure the students increase their understanding of (1) the size and/or the form and/or the topography of several prominent structures of the brain, (2) the general distribution of the substancia alba and grisea, and they begin to understand the complexity of the brain. [source] Skin Abscess Model for Incision and DrainageACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 2009Myto Duong Background: Skin and soft tissue infection diagnosis is increasing dramatically across the nation. All healthcare providers need to be trained in adequate incision and drainage of these lesions. The only descriptions of skin and soft tissue models in the literature involve the use of cadavers or chickens. We devised an inexpensive and easily assembled skin abscess model that will be invaluable for the training of this procedure for all healthcare providers. This relatively realistic skin abscess model can be assembled within minutes using materials that can be purchased in your local grocery or home improvement store. The steps required in the creation of this abscess model will be depicted in the exhibit. Supplies for assembly of the model will be available during the exhibition for participants to build their own abscess and practice incising and draining their abscess. Materials: ? Lotion (white) mixed with food coloring (red, blue, yellow) ? Baby oil gel ? 1" Urethane Foam sheeting ? Heavy cardboard or poster board ? Food handler gloves (Textra Cast Poly) ? Glue gun (low temp) ? Low temp glue gun sticks ?"Smooth Top® Easy Liner®" shelf liner ? Abscess incision and drainage kit. Conclusion: This exhibit will provide a detailed description of how to assemble a quick and easy skin abscess model for incision and drainage. This model can be used in the skills lab to demonstrate and practice this basic procedure. [source] Tooth loss in well-maintained patients with chronic periodontitis during long-term supportive therapy in BrazilJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 10 2006Luiz A. Chambrone Abstract Aim: The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the reasons for tooth loss in a sample of patients who underwent periodontal therapy and supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) in a Brazilian private periodontal practice. Material and Methods: A sample of 120 subjects who had been treated and maintained for 10 years or longer was selected from patients attending a periodontal practice. All patients followed a similar treatment: basic procedures, re-evaluation and periodontal surgery where indicated. Reasons for tooth loss were categorized as periodontal, caries, endodontal, root fractures and extraction of retained or partially erupted third molars. Results: Of the 2927 teeth present at the completion of active periodontal treatment, 53 (1.8%) were lost due to periodontal disease, 16 (0.5%) for root fracture, six (0.2%) to caries, five (0.2%) for endodontic reasons and 31 (1.0%) were lost to extraction of retained or partially erupted third molars. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between five independent variables with tooth loss due to periodontitis. Only age (>60 years) and smoking were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this survey were consistent with previous studies. Older subjects and smokers were more susceptible to periodontal tooth loss. In addition, patients with generalized chronic periodontitis were treated and maintained for long-term periods with low rates of tooth loss. [source] Radiation damage in protein crystals examined under various conditions by different methodsJOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, Issue 2 2009Elspeth F. Garman Investigation of radiation damage in protein crystals has progressed in several directions over the past couple of years. There have been improvements in the basic procedures such as calibration of the incident X-ray intensity and calculation of the dose likely to be deposited in a crystal of known size and composition with this intensity. There has been increased emphasis on using additional techniques such as optical, Raman or X-ray spectroscopy to complement X-ray diffraction. Apparent discrepancies between the results of different techniques can be explained by the fact that they are sensitive to different length scales or to changes in the electronic state rather than to movement of atoms. Investigations have been carried out at room temperature as well as cryo-temperatures and, in both cases, with the introduction of potential scavenger molecules. These and other studies are leading to an overall description of the changes which can occur when a protein crystal is irradiated with X-rays at both cryo- and room temperatures. Results from crystallographic and spectroscopic radiation-damage experiments can be reconciled with other studies in the field of radiation physics and chemistry. [source] Multivariate statistical process control charts: an overviewQUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL, Issue 5 2007S. Bersimis Abstract In this paper we discuss the basic procedures for the implementation of multivariate statistical process control via control charting. Furthermore, we review multivariate extensions for all kinds of univariate control charts, such as multivariate Shewhart-type control charts, multivariate CUSUM control charts and multivariate EWMA control charts. In addition, we review unique procedures for the construction of multivariate control charts, based on multivariate statistical techniques such as principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS). Finally, we describe the most significant methods for the interpretation of an out-of-control signal. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||