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Basic Framework (basic + framework)
Selected AbstractsInternational Media's Role on U.S.,Small State Relations: The Case of NepalFOREIGN POLICY ANALYSIS, Issue 4 2008Jason Miklian U.S. foreign policy relationships toward states with which it assumes limited geostrategic significance are often simplistic in design and misguided in their calculations because of the disproportionate weight given to the limited information from which policy is synthesized. International media outlets exacerbate this problem by underreporting, improperly framing stories, combining distinct events, piggybacking upon their domestic counterparts, encouraging simplifications, and misrepresenting reality on the ground. Recent U.S.,Nepal policy is a prototypical example, as a complex civil war with multiple actors was reduced in the eyes of U.S. policy makers to a simplistic terrorist uprising and treated as such until additional media attention propagated a substantial re-examination of policy. Although this case is more explanatory than predictive, this basic framework may enlighten a more nuanced overall understanding of U.S.,small state relations. [source] Catchment Classification and Hydrologic SimilarityGEOGRAPHY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 4 2007Thorsten Wagener Hydrology does not yet possess a generally agreed upon catchment classification system. Such a classification framework should provide a mapping of landscape form and hydro-climatic conditions on catchment function (including partition, storage, and release of water), while explicitly accounting for uncertainty and for variability at multiple temporal and spatial scales. This framework would provide an organizing principle, create a common language, guide modeling and measurement efforts, and provide constraints on predictions in ungauged basins, as well as on estimates of environmental change impacts. In this article, we (i) review existing approaches to define hydrologic similarity and to catchment classification; (ii) discuss outstanding components or characteristics that should be included in a classification scheme; and (iii) provide a basic framework for catchment classification as a starting point for further analysis. Possible metrics to describe form, hydro-climate, and function are suggested and discussed. We close the discussion with a list of requirements for the classification framework and open questions that require addressing in order to fully implement it. Open questions include: How can we best represent characteristics of form and hydro-climatic conditions? How does this representation change with spatial and temporal scale? What functions (partition, storage, and release) are relevant at what spatial and temporal scale? At what scale do internal structure and heterogeneity become important and need to be considered? [source] Predictions of large stress reversals in true triaxial tests on cross-anisotropic sandINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS, Issue 8 2009Suresh K. Gutta Abstract A rotational kinematic hardening constitutive model with the capability of predicting the behavior of soil during three-dimensional stress reversals has been developed. An existing elasto-plastic constitutive model, the Single Hardening Model, utilizing isotropic hardening serves as the basic framework in these formulations. The framework of the kinematic hardening model was discussed in a companion paper. The previously proposed cross-anisotropic Single Hardening Model is added to the present kinematic hardening mechanism to capture inherent anisotropy of sands in addition to the stress reversals. This model involves 13 parameters, which can be determined from simple laboratory experiments, such as isotropic compression, drained triaxial compression and triaxial extension tests. The results from a series of true triaxial tests with large three-dimensional stress reversals performed on medium dense cross-anisotropic Santa Monica Beach sand are employed for comparison with predictions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Development, implementation and benefits of a rheumatology-specific electronic medical record application with automated display of outcome measuresINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES, Issue 4 2010Anand N. MALAVIYA Abstract Objectives:, To make a rheumatology-specific electronic medical record (EMR) application for easy clinical data entry, automated display of outcome measures in real-time that generates well laid-out print-outs; and provides an easily retrievable database for clinical analysis and research. Methods:, Highly labour-intensive ,MS-WORD®' template used earlier provided the basic framework for developing rheumatology-EMR applications. The authors, a rheumatologist and a soft tissue surgeon with expertise in developing medical software, successfully created a rheumatology-EMR application over a period of 2½ years using the same basic flow of work as used in the old ,MS-WORD®' template. Results:, The resulting EMR application form has a standard medical record documenting demographic data, complete diagnosis, appropriate dates, visit number, disease status, history, physical examination, investigations, follow-up and prescription page (with automatic updates wherever applicable). Mathematical calculations required for outcome measures (DAS, DAS28, CDAI, SDAI, AS-DAS, BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI, SLE-DAI and others) are embedded in the software, with automated updating as the examination of the musculoskeletal system proceeds in real time. Following implementation of this EMR application, more patients are being seen, patient waiting lists have been reduced; more time is available for academic and teaching work, without compromising the quality of notes, and print-outs for patients. Data retrieval has simplified clinical research with increased numbers of abstracts being presented and research papers being published. Conclusion:, Healthcare workers with understanding of the basic principles of computers and softwares should interact with software engineers who are either themselves medical doctors or are familiar with the workflow and clinical evaluation processes to create an efficient speciality-specific EMR application. [source] Using the PRISM to Compare the Explanatory Value of General and Role-Contextualized Trait RatingsJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 6 2007Dustin Wood ABSTRACT In an earlier work (Wood & Roberts, 2006), the Personality and Role Identity Structural Model (PRISM) was proposed as a model for organizing the relations between diverse self-perceptions, with a person's general identity ("how I am in general") organized above diverse role identities (e.g., "how I am as an employee"), which in turn is organized above role-specific behaviors and experiences (e.g., typical interactions with coworkers). In the present article, I argue that despite the fact that role trait measures are often much more related to role behaviors than general trait measures in cross-sectional analyses, general trait measures better capture the dispositional causes of a person's role behavior. In support of this, a brief study is presented illustrating how general traits may be better predictors than role-contextualized trait ratings of the evolution of an individual's experiences or behaviors within a given context. Finally, I contend that the basic framework of the PRISM, where a person's behaviors and identities within multiple contexts are assessed simultaneously and longitudinally alongside general personality ratings, is necessary to make strong statements concerning the nature of the relationships between personality traits and role experiences. [source] Insights from inside: the duties and activities of nurses at the psychiatric clinic Münsterlingen (CH).JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 7 2009A qualitative study In the German-speaking countries: Austria, Germany and Switzerland, which have a joint annual conference in psychiatric nursing, the process of academization of nursing has led to a discussion about which adaptations to make in psychiatric nursing in order to develop a profile, which is practicable in the future. Therefore, it was necessary to describe the current duties and activities of psychiatric nurses. With this, the knowledge and abilities of the nurses were to be made more explicit and their identity was to be strengthened. Data were generated by using participant observation and group discussions with the involved nurses to validate the observations and the emerging categories of activities. Participant observation took place in a psychiatric clinic in Switzerland over a period of 11 months on 14 psychiatric wards with different specializations. Data analysis followed a qualitative content analysis. Findings show that by means of descriptions of nursing situations the duties and activities of the nurses can be summarized into 12 categories. Many of the described activities can be found in psychiatric nursing textbooks. This concurrence suggests that there is something like a basic framework of psychiatric nursing. In addition, the findings illustrate how wide the variety of tasks are and how challenging psychiatric nursing is. [source] Construction of emergency management system for fatal environmental pollution accidents in ChinaASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 5 2009Weihua Zeng Abstract Currently, China's rapidly developing economy as well as increasingly expanding urbanization and industrialization gives birth to not only prosperity but also many hidden troubles, among which are fatal environmental pollution accidents (FEPAs) caused during the manufacturing process. Frequent FEPAs have seriously threatened the economic development and personal security and restricted the sustainable development in China. To respond to frequent FEPAs in China, the authors analyzed the inducements to FEPAs and identified the responsibilities of environmental protection departments. Furthermore, the authors put forward a basic framework for emergency management system (EMS) by reference to the successful experiences overseas and proposed some suggestions. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||