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Basic Data (basic + data)
Selected AbstractsMAGNIFYING ENDOSCOPY WITH NARROW BAND IMAGING FOR EARLY DIFFERENTIATED GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMADIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 3 2008Kazuyoshi Yagi We have been using magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (NBI) to study early differentiated gastric adenocarcinomas and to assess the relationship between microvessel pattern, pit pattern and histological pattern. The magnified view of the cancerous area showed three types of pattern: (i) a mesh pattern, consisting of mesh-like connected microvessels; (ii) a loop pattern, consisting of loop-like microvessels that were not connected and had tubule-like or villus-like mucosal structures along them; and (iii) an interrupted pattern, consisting of interrupted thick or thin vessels without mucosal structures. The mesh type of microvascular pattern showed a round pit pattern in 88.9% of cases (32/36) and the loop type of microvascular pattern showed a non-round pit pattern in 100% of cases. Among lesions that showed a mesh pattern or a loop pattern, 94.9% (56/59) were mucosal cancer and 5.1% (3/59) were submucosal cancer. However, 92.3% (12/13) of lesions that showed an interrupted pattern were submucosal differentiated adenocarcinoma and 7.7% (1/13) were mucosal differentiated adenocarcinoma. The present findings provide basic data on the characteristics of mucosal differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma revealed by magnifying endoscopy with NBI, as well as invasive changes such as submucosal invasion. [source] A numerical simulation on diffuser-nozzle based piezoelectric micropumps with two different numerical modelsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS, Issue 4 2007Jin Jeong Abstract This study has been conducted to compare two different numerical models for the evaluation of the performance characteristics of a diffuser-nozzle based piezoelectric micropump. Here, the transient displacements of the membrane and the flow characteristics in the piezoelectric micropump have been closely investigated with the FSI model and the prescribed deformation model for two different frequencies. It has been found that the behaviour of the membrane computed with the FSI model is not in accordance with that with the prescribed deformation model, and that the net flow rate with the FSI model is larger than that with the prescribed deformation model. Therefore, the choice of numerical model is very important in conducting numerical analysis for piezoelectric micropumps. The results of this study can be utilized as basic data for the design and analysis of piezoelectric micropumps. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Impacts of a Small Dam on Riverine ZooplanktonINTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF HYDROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2008Shuchan Zhou Abstract In order to explore the temporal impacts of a small dam on riverine zooplankton, monthly samples were conducted from November 2005 to June 2006 in a reach of Xiangxi River, China, which is affected by a small hydropower plant. A total of 56 taxa of zooplankton were recorded during the study and rotifers were the most abundant group, accounting for 97% of total taxa, while the others were copepod nauplii and copepod adults. This study indicated that: (1) the small dam in the Xiangxi River study area created distinct physical and ecological conditions relative to free-flowing lotic reaches despite the constrained channel and small size of the dam; (2) the existence of the plant's small dam had a significant effect on the zooplankton community. In long periods of drought or dry seasons the effect of the dam on potamoplankton was more pronounced (e.g., November, February, March, and May). But the downfall or the connectivity of channel appeared to decrease the effect of small hydropower plants on riverine zooplankton (e.g., April). The present observation underscores the need for additional studies that provide more basic data on riverine zooplankton communities and quantify ecological responses to dam construction over longer time spans. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] The evolution of a campaign: tracking press coverage and party press releases through the 2001 UK General ElectionJOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS, Issue 2 2005Phil Harris This paper builds upon a content analysis of all news articles that appeared in six national daily newspapers and of all national press releases issued by the three main political parties during the UK General Election 2001 campaign. The results were compared with data from two opinion polls conducted at the start and at the end of the campaign. Here, using the same basic data, we track the coverage of issues in party press releases and daily newspapers on a weekly basis to determine how the parties' priorities and press coverage evolved. The results show that the Labour and Liberal Democrat campaign strategies, in terms of relative issue priorities, did not change during the campaign. However, the Conservatives shifted their attention to the public priorities of Health and Education towards the end of the campaign. There is evidence that the Conservative emphasis on Europe and taxation earlier in the campaign may have influenced the volume of press coverage but did not appear to have affected relative party standings. The implications of these results for political marketers are considered. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Assignments and hydrogen bond sensitivities of UV resonance Raman bands of the C8-deuterated guanine ringJOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY, Issue 9 2002Akira Toyama Isotope-edited Raman spectroscopy, a combination of site-selective isotopic labeling and Raman difference spectroscopy, is a useful method for studying the structure and interaction of individual nucleic acid residues in oligonucleotides. To obtain basic data for applying isotope-edited Raman spectroscopy to guanine residues, we studied the vibrational modes of UV resonance Raman bands of the C8-deuterated guanine ring by examining the wavenumber shifts upon seven isotopic substitutions (2- 13C, 2- 15N, 6- 18O, 7- 15N, 8- 13C, 9- 15N and 1,- 13C). The hydrogen bond sensitivities of the Raman bands were also investigated by comparing the Raman spectra recorded in several solvents of different hydrogen bonding properties. Some of the Raman bands were found to be markers of hydrogen bonding at specific donor or acceptor sites on the guanine ring. The Raman bands, which shift on C8-deuteration, remain in the difference spectrum between the unlabeled and C8-deuterated guanine rings. Among them, a negative peak around 1525 cm,1 and a strong positive/negative peak pair around 1485/1465 cm,1 serve as markers of hydrogen bonding at N7 and C6O, respectively. Another weak positive/negative peak pair around 1025/1040 cm,1 is sensitive to hydrogen bonding at the proton donor sites (N1,H and N2,H2). The applicability of the hydrogen bond markers has been tested by using a 22-mer oligonucleotide duplex containing eight guanine residues and its analog in which a single guanine residue is C8-deuterated. The difference spectrum shows that the hydrogen bonding state of the guanine residue at the labeled position is consistent with the Watson,Crick base pair structure of DNA. Isotope-edited Raman spectroscopy is a useful tool for studying the hydrogen bonding state of selected guanine residues in oligonucleotides. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Ethical Attitudes in Small Businesses and Large Corporations: Theory and Empirical Findings from a Tracking Study Spanning Three DecadesJOURNAL OF SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2006Justin G. Longenecker This study offers a theoretical framework of ethical behavior and a comparative analysis of ethical perceptions of managers of large, mostly publicly traded corporations (those with 1,000 or more employees) and the owners and managers of smaller companies (those with fewer than 100 employees) across 17 years. The primary research provides basic data on the changing standards of ethics as perceived by leaders of large and small businesses where the cultures frequently fall into sharp contrast. Our findings reveal the extent to which the message of business integrity is gaining or losing ground within large and small companies. It does this by means of respondents' judgments of acceptable responses to 16 scenarios profiling common business situations with questionable ethical dimensions. Based on responses from over 5,000 managers and employees (from firms of all sizes) to our scenarios at three points in time (1985, 1993, 2001), we tested two research questions. First, for firms of all sizes, have business ethics improved or declined between the years 1985 and 2001? Second, comparing responses of large and small firm executives across the 1985,2001 time frame, is there a discernible difference in their ethical standards? Our results suggest that business leaders are making somewhat more ethical decisions in recent years. We also found that small business owner,managers offered less ethical responses to scenarios in 1993 but that no significant differences existed with large firm managers in 1985 and 2001. Implications of our findings are discussed. [source] Study of Gerontological Nursing CurriculumNURSING & HEALTH SCIENCES, Issue 3 2002S.J. Chon The purpose of this study was: (i) to survey the present status of the gerontological nursing course in 3-year diploma programs, baccalaureate degree programs (BSN), and graduate programs in Korea; and (ii) to analyze the contents of the syllabus, credits, clinical practise, and gerontological nursing textbooks used within these programs, so as to provide basic data for developing a standard model for a gerontological nursing curriculum. Primary data were collected from all the nursing programs in Korea, from November 2000 to February 2001, by way of mail and fax. Data on the detailed contents of the gerontological nursing curriculum were collected from those programs that had a gerontological nursing course. The results of the study revealed that 36 diploma programs (58%), 40 BSN (80%), and 17 graduate programs (63%) offered gerontological nursing courses. The credits of the gerontological nursing course offered, by program, were found to be: one credit (10 diploma programs, eight BSN programs), two credits (22 diploma programs, 29 BSN programs) and three credits (one BSN program). The gerontological nursing courses were found to be taught mostly by adult health nursing professors. The contents of gerontological nursing curricula were analyzed by comparison with the core curriculum of NGNA. The majority of the nursing schools were found to include the following: gerontological nursing in general; theory of aging; aging processes; care plan options; and common health problems. Legal/ethical issues; evaluation; regulatory and reimbursement issues; education issues; nursing research in gerontology; and environment issues of older adults were not covered in most of the programs. Differences were noted between ADN, BSN, and graduate school curricula. However, similar curriculum contents were found among the undergraduate programs, suggesting that these curricula used gerontological nursing textbooks as references. [source] Parthenogenetic Induction of Canine Oocytes by Electrical Stimulation and Ca-EDTAREPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, Issue 5 2009SR Lee Contents In this study, we investigated parthenogenetic induction of canine oocytes by electrical stimulation following Ca-EDTA treatment. Oocyte maturation, parthenogenetic development, and cleavage rate in canine after various electrical stimulations (1.5, 1.8, 2.1 kV/cm) for 50 ,s with single DC pulse following 1 mM Ca-EDTA treatment were investigated. In oocyte activated electrically at the voltage of 1.5 kV/cm after 1 mM Ca-EDTA treatment, the rate of pronucleus and two-cell was 4.1% and 2.7%, respectively. Although electrical stimulation could parthenogenetically induce immature oocyte to cleavage stage, degeneration rate in all experimental groups was more than 60%. This means that electrical stimulation after Ca-EDTA treatment could cause canine oocytes to be degenerated. However, two-cell in canine oocyte by parthenogenesis was for the first time induced. Therefore, we suggested that electrical stimulation for canine oocytes could induce parthenogenetically early embryonic cleavage. This result can be used as a basic data for parthenogenesis study in canine. Also, to perform more developed embryonic development, further study to parthenogenesis in canine need to be developed. [source] Distribution and underground habitats of cave-dwelling bats in ChinaANIMAL CONSERVATION, Issue 4 2007H. Niu Abstract To understand the distribution and relative abundance of cave-dwelling bats and to identify those sites that would be important for conservation of bat species, 25 underground sites that had not been previously surveyed were investigated in this 3-year study (from December 2003 to April 2006) in Funiu Mountain of Henan province, China. Approximately 80 000 bats were recorded, representing 12 species. The most abundant species were Rhinolophus affinis, Miniopterus schreibersi and Hipposideros pratti. The roosts were evaluated for their conservation importance. The most important sites in the area are Yunhua and Nanzhao caves, which serve as hibernaculums and nursery roosts to c. 13 740 and 11 803 bats, respectively, representing seven species. By means of cluster and correspondence analysis, the distribution of bat species was different between the two sides of the mountain and was highly dependent on the size of the cave. The underground sites in the south region hosted c. 80% of the total bats, representing 11 species. The sites in the north region hosted 20% of the total bats, representing seven species. Presently, none of the caves in the region has adequate protection and some bat populations are under serious threat. Many large caves that contained large bat populations and several species of concern had been developed as tourist sites, and so some advice on protecting the most important local habitats was sought based on the assessment of the conservation status of underground sites. This paper presents basic data concerning the distribution of cave-dwelling bats and the patterns of cave use on Funiu Mountain. The data will help local governments and policy-makers develop suitable strategies to promote local tourisms while protecting important habitats of animal species. [source] Analytische Herleitung von Anforderungen an den Luftschallschutz zwischen RäumenBAUPHYSIK, Issue 4 2009Beratender Ingenieur VBI Wolfgang Moll Prof. Ing. Schall; Technische Regelwerke; sound protection and acoustics; technical recommendations Abstract Vor dem Hintergrund der Auseinandersetzungen um die Höhe des Schallschutzes der zurzeit überarbeiteten DIN 4109 "Schallschutz im Hochbau" befasst sich der Autor kritisch mit der bisherigen Art der Festlegung bauakustischer Anforderungen. In Anbetracht der fehlenden physikalischen Legitimation dieser Anforderungen , früher an die Schalldämmwerte, jetzt an die Schallschutzwerte , schlägt der Verfasser die gezielte Berechnung der nachhallzeitbezogenen Schallschutzanforderungen vor, und zwar auf der Basis allgemein bekannter Ausgangsdaten, wie z. B. der Schallleistung der einzelnen Quellen, der Verdeckung durch den Grundpegel etc. Das Verfahren wird ausführlich erläutert und beispielhaft erklärt. Für die Abstufungen Mindestschallschutz, erhöhter Schallschutz, hoher Schallschutz werden Basiswerte vorgeschlagen, die dann in die gezielte Bestimmung der Anforderungsgrößen einfließen. Analytical derivation of requirements for airborne sound insulation between rooms. Against the background of the debate about sound protection levels in the current revision of DIN 4109 "Sound insulation in buildings" the author critically examines the existing methodology for determining acoustic requirements. In view of the lack of physical legitimation of these requirements , previously sound insulation values, now sound protection values , the author proposes targeted calculation of reverberation-related sound protection requirements based on generally known basic data, including the sound power levels of individual sources, masking through background noise, etc. The technique is explained in detail and illustrated by means of examples. Basic values are proposed for minimum sound protection, increased sound protection and high sound protection, which are then used for determining the requirements for individual parameters. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||