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This Research (this + research)
Selected AbstractsNovel Approach to the Treatment of Hyperpigmented Photodamaged Skin: 4% Hydroquinone/0.3% Retinol versus Tretinoin 0.05% Emollient CreamDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 2005Zoe Diana Draelos MD Background. Mild to moderately photodamaged skin is characterized by dyspigmentation, fine wrinkles, and tactile roughness. An optimal approach to the topical treatment of photoaging would simultaneously address all appearance issues. Objective. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of 4% hydroquinone and 0.3% retinol in photoaging. Materials and Methods. A 16-week study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of a single cream containing prescription topical 4% hydroquinone for dyspigmentation and the cosmeceutical 0.3% retinol for fine wrinkles in an emollient vehicle for tactile roughness. This novel formulation was compared with 0.05% tretinoin emollient cream, the standard against which all other topical photoaging treatments are compared. Investigator assessments, subject assessments, and photography represented the evaluation end points. Results. The cosmeceutical emollient 4% hydroquinone/0.3% retinol cream more effectively diminished the collective signs of photodamage than 0.05% tretinoin emollient cream in terms of dyspigmentation, fine wrinkles, and tactile roughness in 16 weeks. Conclusion. Combination therapy of hydroquinone and retinol may improve photoaging-associated hyperpigmentation. THIS STUDY WAS CONDUCTED AS PART OF A RESEARCH GRANT FROM MEDICIS THE DERMATOLOGY COMPANY, PHOENIX, ARIZONA. DR. DRAELOS HAS NO FINANCIAL INTEREST IN ANY OF THE MEDICATIONS DISCUSSED IN THIS RESEARCH. [source] The impact on parents of developments in the care of children with bleeding disordersHAEMOPHILIA, Issue 1 2008D. SHAW Summary., This research considered the impact on parents of children with bleeding disorders of the increased use of home-based treatment and greater parental responsibility for management of the condition. Although they have undoubted advantages, these changes also present parents with new challenges. Some found administration of the treatment difficult, and decisions about treatment and the everyday management of the condition can also prove problematic. Services should be aware of these issues and help parents access appropriate support. [source] Fatigue in multiple sclerosis patientsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 9 2009Mukadder Mollao Aim., This study aimed to describe fatigue and the factors that affect fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis. Background., Fatigue is the most common symptom and has the greatest effect on multiple sclerosis patients' activities of daily living. There is limited understanding of the level of fatigue experienced by people with multiple sclerosis, with research currently limited to other symptoms and problems related to multiple sclerosis. Design., This research was conducted as a descriptive survey. Methods., The study involved 120 people with multiple sclerosis. The data were collected with a Patient Questionnaire and a Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue (VAS-F). Variance analysis, Mann,Whitney U -test and Kruskal,Wallis test were used in the data analysis. Results., All of the individuals in the sample experienced fatigue. Their fatigue was also affected by factors such as age, gender, education, marital status, number of children, occupation and duration of illness. In addition, the situations with the greatest effect on their fatigue were taking a hot bath/shower, hot/humid weather, stress, infection and other illnesses causing fever, disturbance in sleep pattern, increase in daily activities and exercise. Conclusions., Fatigue is a symptom that has a significant effect on the daily lives of people with multiple sclerosis. Accordingly, it is recommended that factors affecting fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis be evaluated and that education programmes directed at how to control these factors. Relevance to clinical practice., The determination of factors affecting fatigue is important for multiple sclerosis individuals' ability to cope with fatigue and keep it under control. To be able to accomplish this it is necessary for health care personnel, the family and friends to work together. [source] From competence to capability: a study of nurse practitioners in clinical practiceJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 2 2008Anne Gardner BA, MRCNA Aims and objectives., This research aimed to understand the level and scope of practice of the nurse practitioner in Australia and New Zealand further using a capability framework. Background., The original study, from which the present paper was developed, sought to identify competency standards for the extended role of the nurse practitioner in Australia and New Zealand. In doing so the researchers became aware that while competencies described many of the characteristics of the nurse practitioner they did not manage to tell the whole story. In a search of the literature, the concept of capability appeared to provide a potentially useful construct to describe the attributes of the nurse practitioner that went beyond competence. Design., A secondary analysis of data obtained from interviews with nurse practitioners working in Australia and New Zealand was undertaken. These data had previously been obtained in a study to identify nurse practitioner competencies. The analysis described in this paper investigated whether or not the components of capability would adequately explain the characteristics of the nurse practitioner. Methods., Fifteen nurse practitioners were interviewed from Australia and New Zealand. A secondary (deductive) analysis of interview data using capability as a theoretical framework was conducted. Results., The analysis showed that capability and its dimensions is a useful model for describing the advanced level attributes of nurse practitioners. Thus, nurse practitioners described elements of their practice that involved: using their competences in novel and complex situations as well as the familiar; being creative and innovative; knowing how to learn; having a high level of self-efficacy; and working well in teams. Conclusions., This study suggests that both competence and capability need to be considered in understanding the complex role of the nurse practitioner. Relevance to clinical practice., The dimensions of capability need to be considered in the education and evaluation of nurse practitioners. [source] Isolation and Characterization of Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds by HPLC/UV and GC-MSJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 4 2001M. Tasioula-margari ABSTRACT This research examined the phenolic fraction of extra virgin olive oil samples from Lianolia variety olives grown in the region of Preveza, Greece. Phenolic compounds were extracted from oil samples, separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Both simple and complex phenols were detected with the latter being the most abundant. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl ethanol (hydroxytyrosol) and p-hydroxyphenylethanol (tyrosol) predominated among the simple phenols. Complex phenolic compounds were further separated by preparative HPLC and analyzed by GC-MS before and after hydrolysis. The presence of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol derivatives was confirmed. Both derivatives were always present in greater quantities and made up an average exceeding 70% in all samples analyzed. [source] The Relationship Between Acculturation, Individualism/Collectivism, and Job Attribute Preferences for Hispanic MBAs*JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Issue 5 2003Carolina Gomez ABSTRACT This research studied the influence of acculturation on the values of Hispanic MBAs in the USA and the effect these values have on job attribute preferences. As predicted, the less acculturated Hispanic MBAs had significantly higher collectivist values than either highly acculturated Hispanic or Anglo-American MBAs. Surprisingly, acculturation was not related to individualism. As theorized, collectivistic, and not individualistic, values were significantly related to a preference for contextual job attributes. In contrast, individualistic, and not collectivistic, values were related to a preference for task-related job attributes. The findings point to the importance of understanding an individual's level of acculturation and his/her specific values, rather than assuming differences based on ethnicity. In addition, the findings indicate that managers dealing with diversity within the USA or globally must understand their employees' individualistic/collectivistic values before implementing any job design initiatives. [source] Approach and Avoidance Temperament as Basic Dimensions of PersonalityJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 3 2010Andrew J. Elliot ABSTRACT This research comprises 6 studies designed to examine approach and avoidance temperament as basic dimensions of personality. In Study 1, we developed direct measures of approach and avoidance temperament. In Study 2, we demonstrated that the approach and avoidance temperament variables are not epiphenomena of response biases. In Study 3, we documented the test-retest stability of the temperament variables. In Study 4, we documented that approach and avoidance temperament are separate from other like-valenced variables and may be construed as the core of these variables. In Study 5, we documented that approach and avoidance temperament are separate from chronic promotion and prevention foci. In Study 6, we distinguished the temperament variables from achievement goal variables and documented the temperament variables as antecedents of achievement goals and achievement goals as proximal predictors of performance. Approach and avoidance temperament are discussed as an ideal foundation for a strong, enduring structure of personality. [source] Self-Compassion Versus Global Self-Esteem: Two Different Ways of Relating to OneselfJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 1 2009Kristin D. Neff ABSTRACT This research examined self-compassion and self-esteem as they relate to various aspects of psychological functioning. Self-compassion entails treating oneself with kindness, recognizing one's shared humanity, and being mindful when considering negative aspects of oneself. Study 1 (N=2,187) compared self-compassion and global self-esteem as they relate to ego-focused reactivity. It was found that self-compassion predicted more stable feelings of self-worth than self-esteem and was less contingent on particular outcomes. Self-compassion also had a stronger negative association with social comparison, public self-consciousness, self-rumination, anger, and need for cognitive closure. Self-esteem (but not self-compassion) was positively associated with narcissism. Study 2 (N=165) compared global self-esteem and self-compassion with regard to positive mood states. It was found that the two constructs were statistically equivalent predictors of happiness, optimism, and positive affect. Results from these two studies suggest that self-compassion may be a useful alternative to global self-esteem when considering what constitutes a healthy self-stance. [source] Basic Personality Dispositions, Self-Esteem, and Personal Goals: An Approach-Avoidance AnalysisJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 5 2006Sara A. Heimpel ABSTRACT This research examined the hypothesis that self-esteem negatively predicts avoidance (relative to approach) personal goals, as well as the hypothesis that self-esteem mediates the link between indicators of approach and avoidance temperament and avoidance (relative to approach) personal goals. Study 1 established that self-esteem is indeed negatively related to avoidance (relative to approach) goals, even with social desirability concerns controlled. In Study 2, self-esteem was found to mediate the relation between Neuroticism (conceptualized as an indicator of avoidance temperament) and avoidance (relative to approach) personal goals. In Study 3, self-esteem was documented as a mediator of the relation between BAS and BIS sensitivity (conceptualized as indicators of approach and avoidance temperament, respectively) and avoidance (relative to approach) personal goals in the achievement domain. The implications of these findings for our understanding of basic personality dispositions, self-esteem, and personal goals are discussed. [source] | ||||||||||