Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
This Article (this + article)
Kinds of This Article Selected AbstractsThe Context of DiasporaCULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Brian Keith Axel ABSTRACT This article brings diaspora studies into a fruitful conversation with linguistic anthropology by examining the relationships among the formation of Sikh diasporic subjects, images of tortured bodies, quotidian Internet practices, and state-sponsored terror in India. The fleeting emergence of an enunciative subject of diaspora within a single poetic performance compels an examination of the impact of violence and gender normativity for those who self-identify as Sikh. Diaspora may be understood more productively as a globally mobile category of identification rather than a community of individuals dispersed from a homeland, and the "context" of diaspora may be understood through its production of disparate temporalities (anteriorities, presents, futurities) and subjects. [source] Firm Networks and Korean Subsidiaries in the United StatesGROWTH AND CHANGE, Issue 3 2007DOUGLAS R. GRESS ABSTRACT This article examines the role of intra-, inter-, and extra-firm networks in influencing the location and investment of Korean firms and their subsidiaries in the U.S. Based on a survey of Korean subsidiaries in the U.S. in 2004, this article finds that inter-firm relations with customers and suppliers, as well as intra-firm relations in the form of parent firms' knowledge of the U.S. play an important role in locational decision. Korean subsidiaries' relationships with U.S. places are strongly influenced by home-based practices that favor hierarchical intra-firm organization and embedded sociopolitical extra-firm relationships that emphasize blood, school, and regional ties. Location in U.S. industrial clusters does not increase Korean subsidiaries' level of autonomy from parent firm's control that could help facilitate the sourcing of local knowledge and resources. Only improved intra-firm network positionality positively contributes to increased subsidiary autonomy. Overall, the findings indicate that while inter-firm relations may be important in locational selection among Korean firms, network norms are largely maintained through intra-firm and, to a lesser extent, extra-firm relations. [source] Growth of Creative Occupations in U.S. Metropolitan Areas: A Shift-Share AnalysisGROWTH AND CHANGE, Issue 3 2006TODD M. GABE ABSTRACT This article uses a shift-share model to investigate the growth of creative occupations in U.S. metropolitan areas during the 1990s. Empirical findings indicate that the performance of the creative economy varied widely across the U.S., and that the highest competitive growth rates of the creative workforce occurred in the Rocky Mountain, Southeast, and Southwest regions. Further analysis focused on whether high competitive workforce growth between 1990 and 2000 translated into high competitive employment growth from 1999 to 2003. The results show that many of the areas with the highest competitive growth rates of creative economy employment from 1999 to 2003 were some of the weakest regions in terms of creative workforce growth during the 1990s. This raises questions about the extent to which jobs follow people in the creative economy, and suggests that an initial strong presence in the creative economy is not a prerequisite for future growth. [source] An Urban Approach to Firm Entry: The Effect of Urban SizeGROWTH AND CHANGE, Issue 4 2005JOSEP-MARIA ARAUZO-CAROD ABSTRACT This article explores the determinants of firm entry in Spanish municipalities. The authors consider that size is an important determinant of a city's capacity to attract new manufacturing firms. Panel data were used to estimate the determinants of entry according to urban size in Spain (from 1994 to 1702). This article contributes to the literature on market entry because most previous contributions have focused on regional factors rather than urban ones. The results show that local characteristics affect the formation of new firms. However, more local data are needed to obtain more specific results. [source] A Dialogue on the Future of Nursing PracticeINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING TERMINOLOGIES AND CLASSIFICATION, Issue 3 2007APRN-BC, Mary Ann Lavin ScD PURPOSE.,The challenges of health care; its safety, effectiveness, and efficiency; the quality of care; and the outcomes patients experience are issues central to nursing practice. This centrality needs to be affirmed as the profession shapes its practice over the next 50 years. The purpose of this article is to initiate a dialogue on the future of nursing practice. METHODS.,The methods used are observation, reflection, dialogue, and proposed actions. FINDINGS.,The results of this process are preliminary. They suggest that the establishment of nursing hospitals is a distinct possibility. CONCLUSIONS.,This article concludes with a series of arguments for and against this position along with an invitation for your participation in this dialogue. NURSING IMPLICATIONS.,The major implications of this article are not "nursing" implications per se but client and patient implications and the future contribution of nursing to improved health and patient care. [source] Mental Health and Academic Achievement: Role of School NursesJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 4 2007Kathryn Rose Puskar PURPOSE.,This article discusses how school nurses promote mental health and subsequent academic achievement by screening and referral for children demonstrating mental health problems. Nursing interventions are discussed at the individual, systems, and community levels. CONCLUSION.,Mental health problems can affect school performance and academic achievement. When mental health problems are not recognized, students may be unable to reach their academic potential. School nurses are in a key position to provide interventions to address mental health and academic achievement. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.,The role of school nurses and examples of mental health collaborative activities are provided. [source] Effectiveness of exercise programmes on shoulder mobility and lymphoedema after axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer: systematic reviewJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 9 2010Dorothy N.S. Chan chan d.n.s., lui l.y.y. & so w.k.w. (2010) Effectiveness of exercise programmes on shoulder mobility and lymphoedema after axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer: systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing,66(9), 1902,1914. Abstract Aim., This article is a report of a review of the effectiveness of exercise programmes on shoulder mobility and lymphoedema in postoperative patients with breast cancer having axillary lymph node dissection, as revealed by randomized controlled trials. Background., Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. After surgery, the most common postoperative complications are reduced range of motion in the shoulder, muscle weakness in the upper extremities, lymphoedema, pain and numbness. To reduce these impairments, shoulder exercises are usually prescribed. However, conflicting results regarding the effect and timing of such exercises have been reported. Data sources., Studies were retrieved from a systematic search of published works over the period 2000,2009 indexed in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Ovid Medline, the British Nursing Index, Proquest, Science Direct, Pubmed, Scopus and the Cochrane Library, using the combined search terms ,breast cancer', ,breast cancer surgery', ,exercise', ,lymphoedema', ,shoulder mobility' and ,randomized controlled trials'. Methods., A quantitative review of effectiveness was carried out. Studies were critically appraised by three independent reviewers, and categorized according to levels of evidence defined by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results., Six studies were included in the review. Early rather than delayed onset of training did not affect the incidence of postoperative lymphoedema, but early introduction of exercises was valuable in avoiding deterioration in range of shoulder motion. Conclusion., Further studies are required to investigate the optimal time for starting arm exercises after this surgery. Nurses have an important role in educating and encouraging patients to practise these exercises to speed up recovery. [source] Vulnerability related to oral health in early childhood: a concept analysisJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 9 2010Deborah J. Mattheus mattheus d.j. (2010) Vulnerability related to oral health in early childhood: concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing,66(9), 2116,2125. Abstract Aim., This article is a report of the analysis of the concept of vulnerability and its relationship to oral health in early childhood. Background., Poor oral health is a continued problem for children worldwide. Vulnerability increases the probability of poor oral health outcomes. The lack of clarity of the concept of vulnerability creates difficulty in understanding this multi-factoral condition. Data sources., Data source included 34 articles covering the period 2000,2009 from a variety of disciplines, including nursing, dentistry, medicine and public health. Methods., The concept analysis was conducted using Rodgers' evolutionary method. The literature was analysed and a social ecology model was used to frame the discussion, recognizing family and community influences on children's oral health. Results., The context of oral health in early childhood contributes to the changes in the concept vulnerability. The attributes are closely related to family and community factors and identified as limited parental income, parental education, community-based services and fluoride; and exposure to poor parental habits, parental neglect and harmful toxins. The primary antecedent is identified as a form of limited protection from exposure to various circumstances. Conclusion., Children with limited protection have increased vulnerability and greater probability of poor health outcomes. Nurses who understand the concept of vulnerability related to oral health and can identify factors that create protection and are capable of decreasing vulnerability through parent education, community awareness and policy changes that support children and families. [source] Caring for abused women: impact on nurses' professional and personal life experiencesJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 8 2009Hadass Goldblatt Abstract Title.,Caring for abused women: impact on nurses' professional and personal lifeexperiences. Aim., This article is a report of a study of the impact of caring for abused women on nurses' professional and personal life experiences. Background., Encountering abused women can have emotional, cognitive and behavioural influences on nurses, known as vicarious traumatization. They may feel incompetent to deal with such an overwhelming problem and may avoid screening survivors of abuse. Thus, nurses treating these survivors need to be aware of their attitudes, emotions and differential responses during these interactions. Method., A phenomenological study was carried out in 2005 in Israel. The data were collected using in-depth, interviews with 22 female Israeli nurses in hospitals and community healthcare clinics. Findings., Data analysis revealed one main theme, ,Struggling on work and home fronts', based on two subthemes: ,Encounter with domestic violence: a challenge to nurses' professional role perception' and ,Between work and home'. Nurses experience perplexity regarding abused women and their professional care. Encounters with these women challenge nurses' personal and professional attitudes, as well as influencing their personal lives (intimate relationships, parenthood and gender attitudes). These encounters induce empathy and compassion, but also anger and criticism towards abused women, creating emotional labour for the nurses. Conclusion., The dissonance between personal values, attitudes and emotions and the desirable professional intervention procedures might impede nurses' performance in caring for abused women. Implementing training programmes for screening and intervening with abused women might reduce the emotional labour required, enhance nurses' responses to domestic violence, and enable personal growth. [source] Perceptions of a service redesign by adults living with type 2 diabetesJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 7 2009Joan R.S. McDowell Abstract Title.,Perceptions of a service redesign by adults living with type 2 diabetes. Aim., This article is a report of a study conducted to explore the perceptions of adults with type 2 diabetes towards the service redesign. Background., Diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions and the management of this chronic illness is changing in response to this challenge. In the United Kingdom, there is ongoing restructuring of healthcare services for people with chronic illnesses to ensure that their general health and clinical needs are met predominantly in primary care. Method., An explorative qualitative approach was used. Eight focus groups were conducted with 35 people with type 2 diabetes in one urban location between 2003 and 2004. Five focus groups were conducted with people who had recently experienced the restructured service and three groups with people who had up to 2 years' experience of the new service. Concurrent data collection and thematic analysis were conducted by three researchers and credibility and verification sought by feedback to participants. Findings., Five main themes were identified: impact of living with diabetes; understanding diabetes; drivers for organizational change; care in context and individual concerns. Participants identified issues for ongoing development of the service. Conclusion., People with type 2 diabetes appreciate their care management within the primary care setting where there has been investment in staff to deliver this care. Healthcare resources are required to support the development of staff and the necessary infrastructure to undertake management in primary care. Policy makers need to address the balance of resources between primary and secondary care. [source] Schematic representation of case study research designsJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 4 2007John P. Rosenberg Abstract Title.,Schematic representation of case study research designs Aim., The paper is a report of a study to demonstrate how the use of schematics can provide procedural clarity and promote rigour in the conduct of case study research. Background., Case study research is a methodologically flexible approach to research design that focuses on a particular case , whether an individual, a collective or a phenomenon of interest. It is known as the ,study of the particular' for its thorough investigation of particular, real-life situations and is gaining increased attention in nursing and social research. However, the methodological flexibility it offers can leave the novice researcher uncertain of suitable procedural steps required to ensure methodological rigour. Method., This article provides a real example of a case study research design that utilizes schematic representation drawn from a doctoral study of the integration of health promotion principles and practices into a palliative care organization. Discussion., The issues discussed are: (1) the definition and application of case study research design; (2) the application of schematics in research; (3) the procedural steps and their contribution to the maintenance of rigour; and (4) the benefits and risks of schematics in case study research. Conclusion., The inclusion of visual representations of design with accompanying explanatory text is recommended in reporting case study research methods. [source] The role of antenatal pelvic floor muscle exercises in prevention of postpartum stress incontinence: a randomised controlled trialJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 19-20 2010Linda Mason Aim., This article reports a randomised controlled trial to determine the efficacy of antenatal pelvic floor muscle exercises in the primary prevention of postpartum stress incontinence in primiparous women. Background., Pelvic floor muscle exercises are effective in treating stress incontinence, yet prevention studies demonstrate equivocal findings. Design., Randomised controlled trial. Method., Pregnant women recruited from two hospitals in North-west England were randomised to an intervention (n = 141) or control group (n = 145). Data were collected from 2005,2006. The intervention comprised four sessions of taught pelvic floor muscle exercise training during pregnancy and 8,12 maximal contractions repeated twice daily at home. A modified Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom questionnaire, Leicester Impact Scale and Three Day Diary were administered at 20 and 36 weeks of pregnancy and three months postpartum. Results., The intervention group was more likely to exercise their pelvic floor muscles compared to controls at 36 weeks (p = 0ˇ019) and three months (0ˇ022), reporting fewer episodes of incontinence and a lower score on the Leicester Impact Scale. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion., Significant differences were not demonstrated between the groups in relation to incontinence episodes and degree of bother of symptoms postpartum, although trends indicate a positive effect. Further research is necessary to address issues of adherence and the effect of pelvic floor muscle exercise undertaken during pregnancy on postpartum stress urinary incontinence. Relevance to clinical practice., A proportion of women did not meet the required attendance at antenatal class, furthermore, few exercised their pelvic floor muscles during pregnancy according to instructions. Health professionals need to find ways to instruct and motivate women to perform pelvic floor muscles exercises regularly during pregnancy and the postpartum. [source] Triage, treat and transfer: reconceptualising a rural practice model,JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 11-12 2010Elise Sullivan Aim., This article argues that the current model of emergency practice in rural Victorian hospitals, which relies heavily on visiting medical officers, needs to be reconceptualised if emergency services are to be supplied to rural communities. Background., Medical workforce shortages are manifesting in Victoria as a reduction in emergency care services from rural hospitals. The suggested alternative model of emergency care involves advancing nursing practice to enable a redistribution of clinical capacity across the health care team. Clinicians will need to work collaboratively and continuously negotiate their roles to meet the patient's and the clinical team's needs. Design., Systematic review. Methods., This article is based on a review of the Victorian and Australian literature on the subject of Victorian health services and policy, emergency care, collaboration, communication and rural nurse scope of practice and roles. Emergency care activity was drawn from data held in the Victorian Emergency Management Dataset and personal communications between one of the authors and hospital executives in a small selection of rural hospitals in Victoria. Results., The evidence reviewed suggests that the current emergency practice profile of rural hospitals in Victoria does not reflect the reconceptualised model of rural emergency practice. Instead, only a small proportion of non-urgent presentations is managed by nurses without medical support, and the data suggest that metropolitan nurses are more likely to manage without medical support than rural nurses. Conclusion., Reconceptualising rural emergency care in Victoria will require significantly greater investment in rural nurses' knowledge and skills to enable them to operate confidently at a more advanced level. Clinical teams that deliver emergency service in rural hospitals will be expected increasingly to work collaboratively and interprofessionally. Relevance to clinical practice., This article offers some directions for advancing nursing practice and strategies for improving interprofessional collaboration in the delivery of rural emergency care. [source] Effectiveness of maternity support belts in reducing low back pain during pregnancy: a reviewJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 11 2009Simone SM Ho Aims., This article aims to review the literature published to date on the types, current use, the biomechanical effects and adverse effects of maternity support belts for low back pain during pregnancy, to identify future research directions. Background., Lumbar/pelvic support belts are frequently recommended for the prevention and treatment of low back pain during pregnancy. Design., Systematic review. Methods., MEDLINE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and patents databases were electronically searched. Results., Maternity support belts belong to one of the four main types of maternity support garments, which are widely commercially-available. Current research showed limited evidence in support of the commercial maternity products regarding the effectiveness in the prevention and/or treatment of low back pain during pregnancy, other than that from the manufacturers. However, potential stabilisation effect of maternity support belt was demonstrated in some studies. Adverse effects reported include increased pain, fetal heart rate changes, skin irritation and discomfort. Conclusions., There is insufficient scientific evidence to conclude that wearing maternity support belts reduces pregnancy-related low back pain and/or pelvic girdle pain. Future research directions in the area of biomechanics and physiology are recommended. Relevance to clinical practice., This review provides comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of maternity support belts for the relief of low back pain during pregnancy which will facilitate healthcare professionals in providing evidence-based advice to their patients. [source] A systematic review of trend studies of women seeking termination of pregnancyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 22 2008Wendy Abigail Aims and objectives., This article reports a systematic review of trend studies (1995,2006) which answers five questions: What are the patterns of: 1,Age of women seeking termination of pregnancy; 2,First ever pregnancy ending in a termination; 3,Contraception usage at the time of conception; 4,Contraception chosen immediately postoperatively; and 5,Referral sources to termination of pregnancy services. Background., Fertility patterns are changing and there is evidence to indicate that the numbers of older women conceiving for the first time are increasing. At the same time, there are new methods of contraception widely available. Little is known about the implications of these changes on termination patterns. Design., An extensive electronic search of databases such as CINAHL, MEDLINEŽ In-Process (OVID) and was conducted from January 1995,June 2006 for trend studies in pregnancy terminations. Methods., Articles chosen were based on trend studies greater than five years, contained primary quantitative research and official government statistical reports. Results., Results of the search showed age that was unable to be compared because of the many variations in measurements and time periods, and there was only limited research worldwide of trends in contraception at the time of conception in relation to a termination of pregnancy. Additionally, there were no studies worldwide in the past 11 years, which specifically examined trends in the characteristics of the number of first-ever pregnancies which ended in a termination, contraception choices postoperative to a termination of pregnancy, or referral source to a termination of pregnancy provider. Conclusion., Little is reported in the literature on trends in the five characteristics related to pregnancy termination. Relevance to clinical practice., Evidence about the changing patterns of women seeking pregnancy termination is needed to inform policy and practice, and to ensure that health promotion strategies are underpinned by accurate information that reflects the needs of the populations of women in relation to their reproductive health. [source] Lecturer practitioners in UK nursing and midwifery: what is the evidence?JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 7 2004A systematic review of the research literature Background., Lecturer practitioner roles have been widely established in the UK, and are seen as having the ability to overcome the theory,practice gap in nursing, as well as offering other benefits including functioning as a link between education and practice. Aims and objectives., This article systematically reviews the research literature on UK lecturer practitioner roles in nursing and midwifery, in order to construct a picture of the themes that emerge from their national implementation. Conclusions., Only eight published research studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified in journals, and five more included from the ,grey literature', totalling 13 suitable research reports. Of these 13 papers, six involved nurses and midwives. Key themes from the literature are outlined and discussed. There is an overwhelming preference for qualitative methodologies, although there is a strong argument for quantitative work in mixed-methods studies. Relevance to clinical practice. Lecturer practitioner roles can make an important contribution to nursing and midwifery education, but this is problematic. It is essential that managers clarify the purpose, responsibilities, support and review of lecturer practitioner roles if they are to be successful. [source] From Foraging To Farming: Explaining The Neolithic RevolutionJOURNAL OF ECONOMIC SURVEYS, Issue 4 2005Jacob L. Weisdorf Abstract., This article reviews the main theories about the prehistoric shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture. The transition, also known as the Neolithic Revolution, was ultimately necessary to the rise of modern civilization by creating the foundation for the later process of industrialization and sustained economic growth. The article provides a brief historical survey of the leading hypotheses concerning the rise of agriculture proposed in the archaeological and anthropological literature. It then turns to a more detailed review of the theories put forth in the economic literature. [source] Econometric modelling of non-ferrous metal pricesJOURNAL OF ECONOMIC SURVEYS, Issue 5 2004Clinton Watkins Abstract., This article evaluates the significance of the empirical models and the distributional properties of prices in non-ferrous metal spots and futures markets published in leading refereed economics and finance journals between 1980 and 2002. The survey focuses on econometric analyses of pricing and return models applied to exchange-based spot and futures markets for the main industrially used non-ferrous metals, namely aluminium, copper, lead, nickel, tin and zinc. Published empirical research is evaluated in the light of the type of contract examined, frequency of data used, choice of both dependent and explanatory variables, use of proxy variables, type of model chosen, economic hypotheses tested, methods of estimation and calculation of SEs for inference, reported descriptive statistics, use of diagnostic tests of auxiliary assumptions, use of nested and non-nested tests, use of information criteria and empirical implications for non-ferrous metals. [source] From Dramaturgy to Theatre as Technology: The Case of Corporate Theatre*JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Issue 1 2004Timothy Clark ABSTRACT This article examines a piece of corporate theatre. Although theatre has entered organization studies through the dramatistic writing of Kenneth Burke and the dramaturgical writings of Erving Goffman, this article is concerned with an approach variously described as organizational, radical, situation or corporate theatre that treats theatre not primarily as a resource, an ontology or a metaphor but as a technology. This approach involves the deployment by an organization of dramatists, actors, directors, set designers, lighting specialists, and musicians to put on performances in front of audiences. Using frameworks derived from studies of theatre a particular piece of corporate theatre is described and analysed. It is argued that this form of theatre appears to be used to contain reflection and to promote the views of a particular group within an organization. It does not confront an audience but subtly suggests alternative ways of evaluating, construing and understanding issues. This may be achieved by anaesthetizing audience reaction by encouraging imaginative participation in the performance so that cherished beliefs and values do not appear to be directly challenged. [source] Governing through Teamwork: Reconstituting Subjectivity in a Call Centre*JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Issue 7 2003David Knights ABSTRACT This article focuses on teamworking as a form of governmentality whereby management seeks to govern by distance. This involves mobilizing the support and commitment of employees to teamworking and organizational goals by appealing to their autonomy, unity, sociability and desire for a more enriched work experience. It is the struggle over subjectivity that is of concern here, for teamworking can be seen as a technology that aims to transform individuals into subjects that secure their sense of meaning and significance through working as a team. We will explore through a case study of a call centre in a large building society how a discourse of teamworking has begun to impinge upon individuals so as to shape not only how they behave but also how they think, derive meaning and understand the world. In turn, we consider some of the tensions and inconsistencies of teamworking in relation to the secrecy of pay differentials, and the return to productivity pressures after a period of relaxation and trust. Ultimately the article examines how individuals respond to, agonize over, resist and baulk against the imposition of ,team lives' when this rubs up against what they understand to be their ,private lives'. This will involve considering gender tensions that have so far been largely neglected in relation to call centres and teamworking. Teamworking, we will argue, reflects a will to govern rather than a mechanism of government. [source] Personal Characteristics and Resilience to Economic Hardship and Its Consequences: Conceptual Issues and Empirical IllustrationsJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 6 2009M. Brent Donnellan ABSTRACT This article describes a theoretical model that links personal characteristics with resilience to economic hardship and its psychological and interpersonal consequences. This transactional model integrates social influence and social selection perspectives concerning the relation between socioeconomic circumstances and the development of individuals and families. In addition, this article discusses methodological and conceptual issues related to investigating the effects of personal characteristics in this context. Finally, initial empirical support for some of the key predictions from the proposed model are provided using longitudinal data collected from a sample of Midwestern families. Specifically, adolescent academic achievement, self-reports of Conscientiousness, and self-reports of low Neuroticism during adolescence predicted relevant outcomes in adulthood such as less economic pressure, more satisfying romantic relationships, and less harsh parenting behaviors. These preliminary findings support the hypothesized model and extend research concerning the life course outcomes associated with personal characteristics. [source] The Role of Personality in Social Identity: Effects of Field-Dependence and Context on Reactions to Threat to Group DistinctivenessJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 5 2007Yonat Tamir ABSTRACT This article examines the role of personality dispositions as determinants of people's reactions to threats to social identity. It is argued that since individuals characterized as high field-dependents have a greater tendency to anchor their identity in the social group than low field-dependents, they will be more affected by threats to social identity, especially when the context is framed as an intergroup context. Threat to social identity was manipulated by inducing intergroup similarity, and intergroup differentiation was measured. The first experiment assessed the hypothesis with minimal groups. The second experiment assessed it with real groups (two rival schools). Findings provided support for the hypotheses. The discussion centers on the role of personality dispositions in the social identity perspective. [source] Personality and Self-Regulation: Trait and Information-Processing PerspectivesJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 6 2006Rick H. Hoyle ABSTRACT This article introduces the special issue of Journal of Personality on personality and self-regulation. The goal of the issue is to illustrate and inspire research that integrates personality and process-oriented accounts of self-regulation. The article begins by discussing the trait perspective on self-regulation,distinguishing between temperament and personality accounts,and the information-processing perspective. Three approaches to integrating these perspectives are then presented. These range from methodological approaches, in which constructs representing the two perspectives are examined in integrated statistical models, to conceptual approaches, in which the two perspectives are unified in a holistic theoretical model of self-regulation. The article concludes with an overview of the special issue contributions, which are organized in four sections: broad, integrative models of personality and self-regulation; models that examine the developmental origins of self-regulation and self-regulatory styles; focused programs of research that concern specific aspects or applications of self-regulation; and strategies for increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of self-regulation. [source] Personality Reflected in a Coherent Idiosyncratic Interplay of Intra- and Interpersonal Self-Regulatory ProcessesJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 6 2006Carolyn C. Morf ABSTRACT This article discusses a framework that conceptualizes personality in terms of a unique pattern of interacting intra- and interpersonal self-regulatory mechanisms employed in the service of constructing and maintaining a desired self. These personal goals motivate the individuals' self-construction efforts and give direction, organization, and coherence to the self-regulatory dynamics,both within the person and in the social world in which they play out. The framework is illustrated through research on construct validation of the narcissistic personality type and extended by brief applications to dependency and rejection sensitivity to show how it may help us understand the complex signatures that are the expressions of a personality type. It offers a guide for where to look for and how to organize the unique features and idiosyncratic dynamics of different self-construction types and to make sense of their otherwise often seemingly paradoxical expressions. In so doing, the framework speaks to basic goals of personality psychology by providing an approach for capturing trait-like individual differences while simultaneously shedding light on the psychological mechanism that underlies them. [source] Semiparametric inference on a class of Wiener processesJOURNAL OF TIME SERIES ANALYSIS, Issue 2 2009Xiao Wang Abstract., This article studies the estimation of a nonhomogeneous Wiener process model for degradation data. A pseudo-likelihood method is proposed to estimate the unknown parameters. An attractive algorithm is established to compute the estimator under this pseudo-likelihood formulation. We establish the asymptotic properties of the estimator, including consistency, convergence rate and asymptotic distribution. Random effects can be incorporated into the model to represent the heterogeneity of degradation paths by letting the mean function be random. The Wiener process model is extended naturally to a normal inverse Gaussian process model and similar pseudo-likelihood inference is developed. A score test is used to test the presence of the random effects. Simulation studies are conducted to validate the method and we apply our method to a real data set in the area of health structure monitoring. [source] Quasi-maximum likelihood estimation of periodic GARCH and periodic ARMA-GARCH processesJOURNAL OF TIME SERIES ANALYSIS, Issue 1 2009Abdelhakim Aknouche Primary: 62F12; Secondary: 62M10, 91B84 Abstract., This article establishes the strong consistency and asymptotic normality (CAN) of the quasi-maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE) for generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroscedastic (GARCH) and autoregressive moving-average (ARMA)-GARCH processes with periodically time-varying parameters. We first give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a strictly periodically stationary solution of the periodic GARCH (PGARCH) equation. As a result, it is shown that the moment of some positive order of the PGARCH solution is finite, under which we prove the strong consistency and asymptotic normality of the QMLE for a PGARCH process without any condition on its moments and for a periodic ARMA-GARCH (PARMA-PGARCH) under mild conditions. [source] Stability of nonlinear AR-GARCH modelsJOURNAL OF TIME SERIES ANALYSIS, Issue 3 2008Mika Meitz Abstract., This article studies the stability of nonlinear autoregressive models with conditionally heteroskedastic errors. We consider a nonlinear autoregression of order p [AR(p)] with the conditional variance specified as a nonlinear first-order generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity [GARCH(1,1)] model. Conditions under which the model is stable in the sense that its Markov chain representation is geometrically ergodic are provided. This implies the existence of an initial distribution such that the process is strictly stationary and , -mixing. Conditions under which the stationary distribution has finite moments are also given. The results cover several nonlinear specifications recently proposed for both the conditional mean and conditional variance, and only require mild moment conditions. [source] Testing for Neglected Nonlinearity in Cointegrating Relationships,JOURNAL OF TIME SERIES ANALYSIS, Issue 6 2007Andrew P. Blake C32; C45 Abstract., This article proposes pure significance tests for the absence of nonlinearity in cointegrating relationships. No assumption of the functional form of the nonlinearity is made. It is envisaged that the application of such tests could form the first step towards specifying a nonlinear cointegrating relationship for empirical modelling. The asymptotic and small sample properties of our tests are investigated, where special attention is paid to the role of nuisance parameters and a potential resolution using the bootstrap. [source] New Improved Tests for Cointegration with Structural BreaksJOURNAL OF TIME SERIES ANALYSIS, Issue 2 2007Joakim Westerlund C12; C32; C33 Abstract., This article proposes Lagrange multiplier-based tests for the null hypothesis of no cointegration. The tests are general enough to allow for heteroskedastic and serially correlated errors, deterministic trends, and a structural break of unknown timing in both the intercept and slope. The limiting distributions of the test statistics are derived, and are found to be invariant not only with respect to the trend and structural break, but also with respect to the regressors. A small Monte Carlo study is also conducted to investigate the small-sample properties of the tests. The results reveal that the tests have small size distortions and good power relative to other tests. [source] Additive Outlier Detection Via Extreme-Value TheoryJOURNAL OF TIME SERIES ANALYSIS, Issue 5 2006Peter Burridge Abstract., This article is concerned with detecting additive outliers using extreme value methods. The test recently proposed for use with possibly non-stationary time series by Perron and Rodriguez [Journal of Time Series Analysis (2003) vol. 24, pp. 193,220], is, as they point out, extremely sensitive to departures from their assumption of Gaussianity, even asymptotically. As an alternative, we investigate the robustness to distributional form of a test based on weighted spacings of the sample order statistics. Difficulties arising from uncertainty about the number of potential outliers are discussed, and a simple algorithm requiring minimal distributional assumptions is proposed and its performance evaluated. The new algorithm has dramatically lower level-inflation in face of departures from Gaussianity than the Perron,Rodriguez test, yet retains good power in the presence of outliers. [source] | ||||||||||||||||