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Thin Line (thin + line)
Selected AbstractsThe nature of advocacy vs. paternalism in nursing: clarifying the ,thin line'JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 8 2009Meg Zomorodi Abstract Title.,The nature of advocacy vs. paternalism in nursing: clarifying the ,thin line'. Aim., This paper is an exploration of the concepts of advocacy and paternalism in nursing and discusses the thin line between the two. Background., Nurses are involved in care more than any other healthcare professionals and they play a central role in advocating for patients and families. It is difficult to obtain a clear definition of advocacy, yet the concepts of advocacy and paternalism must be compared, contrasted, and discussed extensively. In many situations, only a thin line distinguishes advocacy from paternalism. Data sources., A literature search was conducted using PubMed and CINAHL databases (2000,2008) as well as a library catalogue for texts. Discussion., Four case stories were described in order to discuss the ,thin line' between advocacy and paternalism and develop communication strategies to eliminate ambiguity. Weighing the ethical principles of beneficence and autonomy helps to clarify advocacy and paternalism and provides an avenue for discussion among nurses practicing in a variety of settings. Implications for nursing., Advocacy and paternalism should be discussed at interdisciplinary rounds, and taken into consideration when making patient care decisions. It is difficult to clarify advocacy vs. paternalism, but strategies such as knowing the patient, clarifying information, and educating all involved are initial steps in distinguishing advocacy from paternalism. Conclusion., Truly ,knowing' patients, their life experiences, values, beliefs and wishes can help clarify the ,thin line' and gain a grasp of these difficult to distinguish theoretical concepts. [source] The effect of perceived length on visuomotor localizationOPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, Issue 3 2001Nick Fogt Summary Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to study visuomotor localization in the presence of either a horizontal array of equally spaced dots or a thin horizontal line. Methods: Pointing behavior was used to assess directional localization. In experiment 1, subjects were made myopic using a contact lens and then corrected with a spectacle lens. Subjects were tested in the presence and absence of a regularly spaced, horizontal array of dots with and without the contact lens/spectacle combination. In experiment 2, subjects wore the contact lens/spectacle in all cases. Some subjects were tested in the presence and then in the absence of a regularly spaced, horizontal array of dots while the order of conditions was reversed for other subjects. In experiments 3 and 4, subjects were tested without the contact lens/spectacle combination. In experiment 3, subjects were tested in the absence and then in the presence of a regularly spaced, horizontal arrays of dots. In experiment 4, subjects were tested in the absence and then in the presence of a thin horizontal line. Results: In experiment 1, in the absence of the array of dots, subjects undershot targets with the contact lens/spectacle combination. When the array was present, pointing with the contact lens/spectacle combination was accurate. In experiment 2, subjects undershot targets in the absence of the array of dots if this condition was performed first. If the array was present in the initial condition, the pointing undershoot in the second condition (array absent) was reduced. In all cases, the pointing undershoot was reduced in the presence of the array. In experiments 3 and 4, a pointing overshoot was found in the presence of an array of dots or a thin line. Conclusions: It is concluded that extraretinal eye position information is not the primary determinant of visuomotor localization in the presence of a horizontal contour. The overshoot produced by a horizontal contour may be related to a length illusion brought about by spatial filtering in the visual system or inaccurate distance judgments. [source] The nature of advocacy vs. paternalism in nursing: clarifying the ,thin line'JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 8 2009Meg Zomorodi Abstract Title.,The nature of advocacy vs. paternalism in nursing: clarifying the ,thin line'. Aim., This paper is an exploration of the concepts of advocacy and paternalism in nursing and discusses the thin line between the two. Background., Nurses are involved in care more than any other healthcare professionals and they play a central role in advocating for patients and families. It is difficult to obtain a clear definition of advocacy, yet the concepts of advocacy and paternalism must be compared, contrasted, and discussed extensively. In many situations, only a thin line distinguishes advocacy from paternalism. Data sources., A literature search was conducted using PubMed and CINAHL databases (2000,2008) as well as a library catalogue for texts. Discussion., Four case stories were described in order to discuss the ,thin line' between advocacy and paternalism and develop communication strategies to eliminate ambiguity. Weighing the ethical principles of beneficence and autonomy helps to clarify advocacy and paternalism and provides an avenue for discussion among nurses practicing in a variety of settings. Implications for nursing., Advocacy and paternalism should be discussed at interdisciplinary rounds, and taken into consideration when making patient care decisions. It is difficult to clarify advocacy vs. paternalism, but strategies such as knowing the patient, clarifying information, and educating all involved are initial steps in distinguishing advocacy from paternalism. Conclusion., Truly ,knowing' patients, their life experiences, values, beliefs and wishes can help clarify the ,thin line' and gain a grasp of these difficult to distinguish theoretical concepts. [source] |