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Theory Methodology (theory + methodology)
Kinds of Theory Methodology Selected AbstractsHow Adolescent Children of African Jamaican Immigrants Living in Canada Perceive and Negotiate their Roles within a Matrifocal FamilyFAMILY PROCESS, Issue 3 2009GEOFFREY S. NAVARA PH.D. This research project examined the adolescent/young adult-parent relationships of African Jamaican immigrants currently living in Canada. Specifically, we focused on the transmission of cultural values and beliefs within these relationships and how the adolescents navigated and negotiated potential changes in these values because of their acculturative experiences. An examination of various mundane family/cultural practices provided insight into perceived transmission attempts by parents and the adolescent/young adult interpretation of these attempts. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted with adolescent/young adult members of African Jamaican immigrant families living in Canada. Using Grounded Theory methodology (Glaser & Strauss, 1967), several themes emerged during the analysis of the interviews,the most significant being the issue of matrifocality within the African Jamaican family. Issues of respect and adolescent agency are also discussed as they related to the manner in which the adolescent/young adult attempted to negotiate various roles within the family. RESUMEN En este proyecto de investigación se analizaron las relaciones entre adolescentes o jóvenes adultos y sus padres en familias de inmigrantes afro-jamaiquinos que actualmente viven en Canadá. Específicamente, nos centramos en la transmisión de valores y creencias culturales dentro de estas relaciones y en cómo los adolescentes atravesaron y negociaron posibles cambios en estos valores como consecuencia de sus experiencias aculturativas. Un análisis de diversas prácticas culturales o familiares rutinarias permitió la comprensión de los intentos de transmisión percibida que hicieron los padres y la interpretación que tuvieron los adolescentes o jóvenes adultos de estos intentos. Se realizaron veinte entrevistas minuciosas a adolescentes o jóvenes adultos miembros de familias inmigrantes afro-jamaiquinas que viven en Canadá. Mediante la aplicación del método de muestreo teórico (Glaser & Strauss, 1967), surgieron varios temas durante el análisis de las entrevistas (el más importante fue el tema de la matrifocalidad dentro de la familia afro-jamaiquina). También se habla de los temas de respeto y capacidad de acción de los adolescentes, ya que se relacionaron con la manera en la que los adolescentes o jóvenes intentaron negociar distintos roles dentro de la familia. Palabras clave: aculturación familiar, relación entre padres e hijos, socialización [source] Social constraints and spousal communication in lung cancerPSYCHO-ONCOLOGY, Issue 8 2006Hoda Badr Abstract The Social Cognitive Processing Model suggests that talking with others facilitates cognitive and emotional processing of experiences such as cancer if the social context in which these discussions take place is supportive and positive. Despite this, patients and spouses may inadvertently constrain each other's attempts to process and cope with the disease. To our knowledge, no previous studies have directly examined the effect of lung cancer on the spousal relationship. We began to examine this effect by identifying the social constraints experienced by couples coping with lung cancer through semi-structured interviews with 13 patients and 12 spouses. Using Grounded Theory methodology, our analyses showed that these couples experienced a wide variety of social constraints, including denial, avoidance, and conflict that can hinder open spousal communication. Specifically, patients and spouses reported trouble discussing continued tobacco use, cancer-related symptoms, prognosis, and the emotional effects of lung cancer on the spouse. Despite these constraints, participants who reported talking with their partners about their relationships reported fewer constraints and better communication about cancer. These findings highlight the importance of a relationship perspective in the study of lung cancer and provide information about how talking together about the spousal relationship may enable couples to minimize social constraints and enhance cognitive and emotional processing of the disease. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A Theoretical Study on the Reactivity of a Rhenium Hydroxo-Carbonyl Complex Towards ,-LactamsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 29 2008Violeta Yeguas Abstract The mechanism of the reaction between the complex [Re(OH)(CO)3(N2C2H4)] and azetidin-2-one or 3-formylamino- N -sulfonatoazetidin-2-one was investigated by using the B3LYP density functional theory methodology in conjunction with the PCM-UAHF model to take into account solvent effects. According to our calculations, the rate-determining energy barrier for the azetidin-2-one case of 38.8 kcal,mol,1, becomes 25.7 kcal,mol,1 in the case of the 3-formylamino- N -sulfonatoazetidin-2-one species. The presence of the sulfonato group is crucial for the cleavage of the ,-lactam N1,C2 bond by the Re complex thanks to the interaction of the sulfonato group with the hydroxy and bidentate ligands of the complex. This could be of interest for the synthesis of ,-amino acids and their derivatives from ,-lactams under mild conditions and in solvents of low polarity promoted by organometallic complexes. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008) [source] Accounting and NPM in UK Local Government , Contributions Towards Governance and AccountabilityFINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2005Andrew Goddard Despite its size and economic importance, accounting in UK local government is still relatively under-researched. Two important developments which have emerged in recent years across the whole public sector are governance and New Public Management. It is timely to study the contribution which local government accounting makes in this changing context. Governance has proved a particularly contentious concept to define. This study has attempted to understand governance from the participants' perspective and consequently a grounded theory methodology has been used. The empirical research comprised four UK local authority case studies over a twelve month period. The grounded theory developed makes two important contributions to our knowledge of accounting and NPM in relation to governance and accountability in local government. These are the relative importance of accountability rather than governance per se to participants, and the more significant contribution to accountability made by budgeting practices rather than NPM practices such as performance indicators, contracting out of services and Best Value studies. The reasons for these findings are explored and theorised in the paper, using Bourdieu's concept of habitus. [source] Social inclusion in research: reflecting on a research project involving young mothers in careINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, Issue 1 2005Lena Dominelli This article considers social inclusion in research by reflecting upon a project involving young mothers in care, which used grounded theory methodology (GTM) to theorise their situations and emphasise their voice, a key issue in inclusion, and yielded mixed outcomes. GTM dealt poorly with inclusivity and was supplemented by a feminist orientation. This also failed young mothers. They were included by sitting on an Advisory Com-mittee, being paid an honorarium and assisting in disseminating results. These efforts were unable to overturn power dynamics that privileged researchers' ownership of the findings, and enabled them to benefit from doing research and their rela-tionship with funders. The attempt to change policies and practices that served clients badly was thwarted by an election that brought in a régime with different goals. The young women authored their own stories and spoke authoritatively of their experiences. However, inclusion was not fully secured in and by the research process. Their positioning as research subjects curtailed their potential in this regard. [source] Using a synthesised technique for grounded theory in nursing researchJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 16 2009Hsiao-Yu Chen Aims., To introduce a synthesised technique for using grounded theory in nursing research. Background., Nursing increasingly uses grounded theory for a broadened perspective on nursing practice and research. Nurse researchers have choices in how to choose and use grounded theory as a research method. These choices come from a deep understanding of the different versions of grounded theory, including Glaser's classic grounded theory and Strauss and Corbin's later approach. Design., Grounded theory related literature review was conducted. Methods., This is a methodological review paper. Results., Nursing researchers intent on using a grounded theory methodology should pay attention to the theoretical discussions including theoretical sampling, theoretical sensitivity, constant comparative methods and asking questions, keeping memoranda diagramming, identification of a core category and a resultant explanatory theory. A synthesised approach is developed for use, based on Strauss and Corbin's style of sampling and memoranda writing, but selecting theoretical coding families, that differ from the paradigm model of Strauss and Corbin, from the wide range suggested by Glaser. This led to the development of a multi-step synthesised approach to grounded theory data analysis based on the works of Glaser, Charmaz and Strauss and Corbin. Conclusions., The use of this synthesised approach provides a true reflection of Glaser's idea of ,emergence of theory from the data' and Strauss and Corbin's style of sampling and memoranda writing is employed. This multi-step synthesised method of data analysis maintains the philosophical perspective of grounded theory. Relevance to clinical practice., This method indicates how grounded theory has developed, where it might go next in nursing research and how it may continue to evolve. [source] Boundaries of Britishness in British Indian and Pakistani young adultsJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 6 2009Kiren Vadher Abstract This study explored what it means to be British from the perspective of young British Indian and Pakistani adults. Fifteen respondents were interviewed using a semi-structured schedule in order to explore their self-descriptions and self-categorizations, how different contexts influence their identifications as British and as Indian/Pakistani, their sense of patriotism, and their perceptions of racism, discrimination and multiculturalism. Grounded theory methodology was used to analyse the interviews. The respondents' identifications and the role of context, threat and racism were studied in detail, and a model of how these individuals defined the boundaries of Britishness, and how they positioned themselves in relationship to these boundaries, was derived from the data. Six boundaries of Britishness were identified, these being the racial, civic/state, instrumental, historical, lifestyle and multicultural boundaries. Participants used these boundaries flexibly, drawing on different boundaries depending on the particular context in which Britishness was discussed. The implications of these multiple boundaries for the conceptualization of national identification are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Youth, community belonging, planning and powerJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Caterina Arcidiacono Abstract In order to explain people's action in the community to which they feel they belong (Arcidiacono, 2006; Brodsky, 2006; De Piccoli & Tartaglia, 2006), this study investigates the power perception in relation to the local community, based on two studies of Neapolitan youths. Both research projects, one with 101 participants and the other with 600 participants, looked at youth community belonging, respectively focusing on problems connected to youth unemployment, on related resources (Arcidiacono, Sommantico, & Procentese, 2001), and finally on youth planning of future actions in the community (Arcidiacono, Di Napoli, & Sarnacchiaro, submitted). A reinterpretation of the categories emerging from these studies was carried out, by first adopting the grounded theory methodology and subsequently the Prilleltensky (in press) approach of a greater conceptualization within the power frame. The classification undertaken suggests that the perception of a lack of youth power is closely linked to their expectations for the local community. A lack of individual and social power, rage and hopelessness is the core evidence among our interviewees. Powerlessness firstly denies empowerment, thus it is as if young people distance themselves from the context. The assumption of this perspective opens new paths through which promoting empowerment processes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] We're Decent People: Constructing and Managing Family Identity in Rural Working-Class CommunitiesJOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY, Issue 2 2004Margie L. Kiter Edwards Using grounded theory methodology, I establish family identity management as an important type of invisible work that connects women's household-based domestic activities with community members' perceptions and treatment of them and their family members. Detailed observations of household routines and family interactions, as well as in-depth interviews with working-class women living in two rural trailer park communities, provide insight into the meanings women assign to this labor, and their motivations for performing this work. I describe the strategies that women use to accomplish the work, examine how the work supports family life and child development, and explain how the residential environment influences the organization and accomplishment of this work. [source] Adolescents coping with mood disorder: a grounded theory studyJOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 2 2007R. J. MEADUS phd rn A grounded theory methodology was used to explore the phenomenon of coping as experienced by adolescents with a mood disorder. Mood disorders among children and adolescents are more persistent than previously thought and have numerous negative associated features, including further episodes of depression, impaired social, academic and vocational relationships, use of alcohol and other drugs, and an increased risk of suicide. Current literature offered little awareness of how adolescents cope with a mood disorder, as well as their perspective of how such an illness impacts their lives. A substantive theory regarding the process of coping for adolescents with a mood disorder was generated from the data collected from one male and eight female adolescents. Using grounded theory coding procedures, a four-phase coping theory identified by the categories feeling different, cutting off connections, facing the challenge/reconnecting, and learning from the experience was developed. The core category identified in this research was An Unplanned Journey: Coping Through Connections. Implications identified for nursing practice, research and education included greater attention on the prevention of adolescent mood disorder, and the education of adolescents about the development and enhancement of healthy coping skills. [source] Quality of life: a basis for clinical decision-making in community psychiatric careJOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 6 2004E. H. CLARK rn msn med phd This descriptive study used grounded theory methodology to illuminate how the concept of quality of life influences the practice of community psychiatric nurses caring for individuals with serious mental illnesses. In-depth interviews captured the practice wisdom of expert nurses. Data were verified through focus groups, member checks and peer debriefing. The constant comparative method was used to categorize data and identify key themes and concepts. Informants regarded the concept of quality of life as central to nursing practice. They cited examples of how it serves as a goal and philosophy of care, a basis for forming relationships, and a lens through which the nursing role becomes clearer. Quality of life is acknowledged to be a subjective concept. It is assessed in light of the individual's hopes, dreams and values, and within the context of his or her whole life. A quality of life focus is supported by the philosophies of holism and empowerment. Nurses promote quality of life through symptom management, educating and advocating for clients. Minimizing barriers to quality of life and helping the individual to have a broader vision of what his or her life could be, are also central to the psychiatric nursing role. [source] Initiating Sexual Experiences: How Do Young Adolescents Make Decisions Regarding Early Sexual Activity?JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, Issue 4 2005Tricia M. Michels Understanding how young adolescents make decisions to engage in early sexual activities is vital for intervention efforts aimed at fostering positive youth development and reducing the negative outcomes of adolescent sexual behavior. In-depth interviews with 42 suburban, mostly White, ninth-grade adolescents (52% females, mean age=14.1, SD=.45) elicited accounts of their early sexual decisions. We adapted grounded theory methodology to build a model of sexual decision making from the adolescents' narratives. Six dominant categories emerged: contextual factors (relationship and personal characteristics), consideration of risks and benefits, boundary setting, boundary communication, the sexual experience, and evaluation. Our model of early sexual decision-making processes, developed from the perspectives of young adolescents, highlights active consideration of health and social risks and benefits, as well as the generation of options regarding sexual activity. The model also shows that young adolescents set clear boundaries of sexual limits and evaluate sexual experiences, suggesting a dynamic process of decision making. [source] International health electives: thematic results of student and professional interviewsMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 7 2010Andrew Petrosoniak Medical Education 2010: 44: 683,689 Objectives, The purpose of this study was to explore the complexities (including harms and benefits) of international health electives (IHEs) involving medical trainees. This exploration contributes to the ongoing debate about the goals and implications of IHEs for medical trainees. Methods, This qualitative study used anonymous, one-to-one, semi-structured interviews. All participants had previous international health experiences. Between September 2007 and March 2008, we interviewed a convenience sample of health care professionals (n = 10) and medical trainees (n = 10). Using a modified grounded theory methodology, we carried out cycles of data analysis in conjunction with data collection in an iterative and constant comparison process. The study's thematic structure was finalised when theme saturation was achieved. Results, Participants described IHEs in both negative and positive terms. IHEs were described as unsustained short-term contributions that lacked clear educational objectives and failed to address local community needs. Ethical dilemmas were described as IHE challenges. Participants reflected that many IHEs included aspects of medical tourism and the majority of participants described the IHE in negative terms. However, a few participants acknowledged the benefits of the IHE. Specifically, it was seen as an introduction to a career in global health and as a potential foundation for more sustainable projects with positive host community impacts. Finally, despite similar understandings among participants, self-awareness of medical tourism was low. Conclusions, International health electives may include potential harms and benefits for both the trainee and the host community. Educational institutions should encourage and support structured IHEs for trainee participation. We recommend that faculties of medicine and global health educators establish pre-departure training courses for trainees and that IHE opportunities have sufficient structures in place to mitigate the negative effects of medical tourism. We also recommend that trainees be provided with opportunities to conduct self-reflection and critically assess their IHE experiences. [source] A qualitative study examining tensions in interdoctor telephone consultationsMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 8 2006Anupma Wadhwa Objective, Communication skills have gained increasing attention in medical education. Much of the existing literature and medical curricula addresses issues of doctor,patient communication. The critical importance of communication between health professionals, however, is now coming under the spotlight. The interdoctor telephone consultation is a common health care setting in which health professional communication skills are exercised. Breakdowns in this communication commonly occur and, surprisingly, this skill is not formally addressed in medical training. This study sought to clarify the communication issues that can occur during interdoctor telephone consultations in order to inform future educational initiatives in this domain. Methods, Data were collected and triangulated among 3 sources: documentation of 129 telephone consults received; 51 hours of field observations of consultants, and semi-structured interviews of 12 callers and 12 consultants. Analysis was performed using grounded theory methodology. Results, Overwhelmingly, participants described tensions with telephone consultation communication. Recurrent theme analysis revealed 5 key sources of tension: discursive features; context; fragmented clinical process; reason for call, and responsibility. Often, callers and consultants viewed similar instances in different and opposite manners, contributing to difficulties in the exchange. Further, a vicious cycle in which a participant's strategies to mitigate tension actually increased tension for the other participant was identified. Conclusions, Interdoctor telephone consultation has become an integral part of medical practice; however, tensions within this exchange can undermine its effectiveness. The results of this study provide a preliminary theory upon which an educational intervention to improve this communication skill can be based. [source] Teaching paediatric residents about learning disorders: use of standardised case discussion versus multimedia computer tutorialMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 8 2005Carolyn Frazer Bridgemohan Background, We developed a standardised case-based educational exercise on the topic of childhood learning disorders, and a multimedia computerised adaptation of this exercise, as part of a national curriculum project based on the Bright Futures guidelines. Objective, To explore resident perceptions of the facilitated case discussion (FCD) and the computerised tutorial (CT). Design, Quasi-randomised comparison of two educational interventions. Setting, Preclinic teaching conferences at a large urban children's hospital. Participants, A total of 46 paediatric residents years 1,3 assigned to either FCD (n = 21) or CT (n = 25). Interventions, FCD residents met in groups of 8,12 with a trained facilitator for a structured case discussion, while CT residents worked in groups of 2,3 at a computer station linked to an interactive website. Outcome Measures, Participant responses during semistructured focus group interviews. Analysis, Focus group transcripts, field notes and computer logs were analysed simultaneously using qualitative grounded theory methodology. Results, Residents experienced CT as fun, offering flexibility, greater auditory and visual appeal and more opportunities for active learning. FCD allowed greater contact with expert faculty and made the material more relevant to clinical practice. FCD participants emphasised the clinical skills gleaned and stated that the learning experience would change their future patient management. Both groups reported that case discussion was more interactive than computer learning. Median time spent on learning was slightly shorter for the CT group. All groups of learners arrived at the correct final diagnosis. Conclusions, FCD and CT stimulate different types of learning among paediatric residents. Future studies are needed to determine how to integrate these two techniques to meet the learning needs of residents in diverse settings. [source] Understanding the role of knowledge in the practice of expert nephrology nurses in AustraliaNURSING & HEALTH SCIENCES, Issue 3 2007Ann Bonner bappsc(nurs), mrcna Abstract This paper, which is abstracted from a larger study into the acquisition and exercise of nephrology nursing expertise, aims to explore the role of knowledge in expert practice. Using grounded theory methodology, the study involved 17 registered nurses who were practicing in a metropolitan renal unit in New South Wales, Australia. Concurrent data collection and analysis was undertaken, incorporating participants' observations and interviews. Having extensive nephrology nursing knowledge was a striking characteristic of a nursing expert. Expert nurses clearly relied on and utilized extensive nephrology nursing knowledge to practice. Of importance for nursing, the results of this study indicate that domain-specific knowledge is a crucial feature of expert practice. [source] Occupational therapy and early intervention: a family-centred approachOCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2003Margaret A. Edwards Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify factors that encourage or inhibit family-centred practice in the occupational therapy intervention process. A qualitative paradigm using grounded theory methodology was utilized to gather and analyse data. Participants included six families and four occupational therapists. Data analysis from the family interviews identified six categories: education, communication, relationship, parental roles, follow through, and scheduling. With further analysis two central themes of time and support were extracted from these categories. Analysis of the occupational therapists' interviews revealed six categories: education, communication, relationship, sibling/family participation, follow through, and empowerment. The central themes emerging from these categories are time and natural routine. The themes obtained from the families and occupational therapists were then compared and family individuality was identified as the core concept. Viewing families as a unique entity is necessary to assist occupational therapists in providing the most effective family-centred occupational therapy. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Pre-ICD Illness Beliefs Affect Postimplant Perceptions of Control and Patient Quality of LifePACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 3 2010CLAIRE N. HALLAS Ph.D. Background: The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is a device used in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. However, the ICD has been associated with negative psychological outcomes such as anxiety, depression, panic, and poor quality of life (QoL). Recent studies suggest that the preimplantation psychology of patients, combined with their postimplantation perceptions about their cardiac condition, are greater contributory factors than their medical status to a poor outcome. Method: Our study employed an interview-based qualitative grounded theory methodology to explore whether medical history hetereogeneity and illness beliefs impact on the QoL of 13 ICD patients. Results: Perceived control emerged as the core category related to QoL with three subsystem themes related to control: (1) illness beliefs, attributions, and appraisals; (2) coping resources and strategies; and (3) the social world. Patients at risk for the poorest adaptation were younger (<45), unemployed, and with an acute onset cardiac history. These patients interpreted their illness as severe, utilized emotion-focused coping (e.g., avoidance of situations), and believed themselves to be socially excluded. Adjusted patients used proactive problem-focused coping (e.g., normalizing) and minimized consequences of the device. Conclusions: The data developed a theoretical model of QoL, which identified perceived control, illness beliefs, and coping impacting on adjustment. From our study, we have a wider understanding of the combination psychological issues relevant to ICD patients and are able to treat those at risk with interventions to promote adjustment in the context of a society that values health and well-being. (PACE 2010; 33:256,265) [source] Step-by-step: A model for practice-based learningTHE JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS, Issue 4 2007FRCPC, Gabrielle M. Kane MB Abstract Introduction: Innovative technology has led to high-precision radiation therapy that has dramatically altered the practice of radiation oncology. This qualitative study explored the implementation of this innovation into practice from the perspective of the practitioners in a large academic radiation medicine program and aimed to improve understanding of and facilitate the educational process of this change. Methods: Multiprofession staff participated in a series of seven focus groups and nine in-depth interviews, and the descriptive data from the transcripts were analyzed using grounded theory methodology. Results: Practitioners believed that there had been a major effect on many aspects of their practice. The team structure supported the adoption of change. The technology changed the way the practices worked. Learning new skills increased workload and stress but led to a new conception of the discipline and the generation of new practice-based knowledge. When the concepts were examined longitudinally, a four-step process of learning was identified. In step 1, there was anxiety as staff acquired the skills to use the technology. Step 2 involved learning to interpret new findings and images, experiencing uncertainty until new perspectives developed. Step 3 involved questioning assumptions and critical reflection, which resulted in new understanding. The final step 4 identified a process of constructing new knowledge through research, development, and dialogue within the profession. Discussion: These findings expand our understanding of how practice-based learning occurs in the context of change and can guide learning activities appropriate to each stage. [source] Occupational therapists as expert witnesses on work capacityAUSTRALIAN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL, Issue 2 2010Shelley Allen Aim:,The aim of this study was to explore the particular challenges for occupational therapists during their cross-examination as an expert witness on work capacity. Methods:,Grounded theory methodology was used to collect and analyse data. Interviews were conducted with 31 participants with direct experience of occupational therapy work capacity assessments. Of these, 19 were occupational therapists, six were medical specialists and six were lawyers. Results:,All participant groups perceived that maintaining one's credibility in the witness box was of paramount importance. The occupational therapists identified 11 strategies that barristers may use to challenge their credibility as an expert witness. Conclusions:,The three professional groups proposed practices that maintain occupational therapists' credibility as expert witnesses on the work capacity of personal injury claimants. [source] A qualitative exploration of the perception of emotions in anorexia nervosa: A basic emotion and developmental perspectiveCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY (AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY & PRACTICE), Issue 4 2009John R. E. Fox Abstract Difficulties in emotional processing have long been regarded as a core difficulty within anorexia nervosa. Recent research and theory have started to highlight how eating disorder symptoms are often used to regulate painful emotions. However, there has been a lack of theoretical sophistication in how emotions have been considered within the eating disorders. This study was designed to use qualitative methodologies to address these inadequacies and provide a richer, more thorough account of emotions within anorexia nervosa. It used a grounded theory methodology to gather and analyse interview data from 11 participants who had a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, being seen at a regional eating disorder service (both inpatient and day patient). The results highlighted two main overarching themes regarding the perception and management of emotions within anorexia nervosa: (1) development of poor meta-emotional skills; and (2) perception and management of emotion in anorexia nervosa. These two categories comprised of a significant number of components from the qualitative analysis, including difficulties with anger, meta-emotional skills and poverty of emotional environments while growing up. Once the data had been collected and analysed, links were made between the findings of this research and the current literature base.,Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message: Practitoners needs to consider the importance of poor meta-emotional skills within anorexia nervosa. These meta skills appears to be more complicated than the simplistic notion of alexithymia. The routes to these difficulties in emotion appear to be drawn from a complicated developmental picture. The role of anger needs to be considered more fully in the psychotherapeutic work with people with anorexia nervosa. This study's findings suggest that increasing levels of anger may play a role in increased eating disorder symptomatology, especially vomitting. [source] Entrapping the Innocent: Toward a Theory of Child Sexual Predators' Luring CommunicationCOMMUNICATION THEORY, Issue 3 2007Loreen N. Olson This paper examines an unexplored form of communication deviance,the communicative process of entrapment used by child sexual predators to lure their victims into an ongoing sexual relationship. Specifically, using grounded theory methodology to analyze extant literature, a theory of luring communication (LCT) is proposed. The LCT begins by discussing how certain perpetrators gain access to particular types of children. Once in contact with a child, the perpetrator sets in motion the cycle of entrapment, which allows him to communicatively groom and entrap the child into accepting sexual advances. The theory then explores how certain communication responses by the perpetrator and the victim characterize the sustenance or disruption of an ongoing sexually abusive relationship. The essay ends with a series of propositional statements and suggestions for empirically testing and extending the theory. Résumé Cet article explore une forme non étudiée de déviance de la communication : le processus communicationnel de piégeage utilisé par des prédateurs sexuels d'enfants pour préparer leurs victimes à de l,abus sexuel de longue durée. De façon spécifique, une théorie de la communication de leurre (luring communication theory ou LCT), fondée sur la littérature existante, est proposée. La LCT explore la manière dont sept variables explicatives (les caractéristiques du prédateur, le positionnement stratégique, le développement d'une confiance trompeuse, la préparation, l,approche, les réponses des victimes et l'acte sexuel initial) et trois effets modérateurs (les caractéristiques de la victime, l,isolation et les stratégies d'entretien) collaborent dans la prévision du résultat : la présence d,abus sexuel de longue durée. Tous ces construits théoriques et leurs relations hypothétiques sont expliqués, de même que sont abordées des idées pour des tests empiriques et l'élargissement du modèle. Abstract Dieser Artikel untersucht eine bislang unerforschte Art kommunikativen Fehlverhaltens - den Kommunikationsprozess des In-die-Falle-Lockens, der von Sexualstraftätern benutzt wird, um kindliche Opfer auf den weitergehenden sexuellen Missbrauch vorzubereiten. Basierend auf umfangreicher Literatursichtung wird eine Theorie der Lock-Kommunikation (Luring Communication Theory , LCT) vorgeschlagen. Diese Theorie untersucht, wie sieben Prädiktorvariablen (Charakteristika des Straftäters, strategische Platzierung, betrügerische Vertrauensbildung, Vorbereitung, Annäherung, Opferreaktion und sexueller Erstkontakt) sowie drei Moderatorvariablen (Opfercharakteristika, Isolation und Aufrechterhaltungsstrategien) zusammenspielen und die Ergebnisvariable, nämlich fortlaufenden sexuellen Missbrauch, vorhersagen. Jedes dieser theoretischen Konstrukte sowie vermutete Zusammenhänge werden erläutert und anschließend Anregungen für die empirische Überprüfung und zur Erweiterung des Modells gegeben. Resumen Este ensayo examina una forma inexplorada de la comunicación perversa,el proceso de comunicación de incitación al delito usado por los depredadores sexuales de niños para preparar a sus víctimas de abuso sexual continuo. Basados en la literatura existente, proponemos específicamente una teoría sobre la comunicación señuelo (LCT). La LCT explora cómo 7 variables de predicción (las características del depredador, la colocación estratégica, el desarrollo engañoso de la confianza, la preparación, la aproximación, las respuestas de la víctima, y el acto sexual inicial) y 3 efectos moderadores (las características de la víctima, el aislamiento, y las estrategias de mantenimiento) trabajan juntos para predecir las variables de resultado ,la presencia de un abuso sexual continuo. Cada uno de estas construcciones teóricas y sus relaciones supuestas son explicados, como lo son también las ideas para someter a prueba empírica y extender el modelo. ZhaiYao Yo yak [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||