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Thyroid Tissue (thyroid + tissue)
Kinds of Thyroid Tissue Selected AbstractsHistological Characterization of the Thyroglossal Tract: Implications for Surgical Management,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 6 2001Rakesh K. Chandra MD Abstract Objectives In the current report, we characterized the relationship between the central hyoid bone and the thyroglossal tract and determined the prevalence of ectopic thyroid follicles in the adjacent soft tissues. Study Design Retrospective pathological analysis. Methods The resected specimens from 104 patients who underwent a modified Sistrunk procedure with wide-field dissection were retrospectively analyzed. Under light microscopy, serial sections were examined to determine whether the thyroglossal tract passed anterior to, posterior to, or within the hyoid bone. Specimens were also examined for the presence of thyroid follicles in the periductal and pericystic soft tissues. Results In 50 cases (48%), the tract position in relation to the hyoid bone could not be identified secondary to extensive arborization, marked inflammation, specimen fragmentation or a combination of these. Thyroid follicles were observed in 9 (18%) of these specimens. In the remaining 54 cases (52%) the tract was located anterior to the central arch of the hyoid bone in 39 (72%) and posterior to it in 15 (28%). Thyroid tissue was observed in 46% of specimens (P = .004), regardless of whether the tract was anterior or posterior. Conclusions These results demonstrate that tract position often cannot be defined, but when a portion is dominant, it is likely to be anterior to the hyoid bone. Ectopic thyroid tissue can be found in almost 50% of specimens when the tract position is identifiable. With appropriate surgical management, a recurrence rate of less than 4% can be expected, despite the presence of ductule multiplicity, marked inflammation, tract position posterior to the hyoid bone, and ectopic thyroid follicles. [source] Dual thyroid ectopia with a normally located pretracheal thyroid gland: Case report and literature reviewHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 9 2007Ting-Shuo Huang MD Abstract Background. Only 1 case with dual thyroid ectopy and a normally located thyroid gland has been reported. Methods. We present the case of a 71-year-old woman who had 1-sided lateral neck swelling in the right submandibular space, which grew and doubled in size within 1 year. A CT scan demonstrated 2 right submandibular, lobulated, heterogeneously enhanced masses, an ectopic lingual thyroid, and bilateral thyroid goiter. A Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate thyroid scan revealed a cold area in the right lateral neck region below the submandibular gland, an ectopic lingual thyroid, and bilateral pretracheal thyroids. She underwent total thyroidectomy and en bloc excision of right neck masses. Thyroxin was prescribed following the surgery. Results. Pathological diagnoses were ectopic thyroid tissue with goitrous change and bilateral thyroid goiter. Conclusion. This report demonstrates that dual ectopic thyroid tissue accompanying a normally located thyroid gland can exist and should be differentiated from head and neck malignancies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2007 [source] Pendred's syndrome with goiter and enlarged vestibular aqueducts diagnosed by PDS gene mutation,HEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 7 2002Hajime Ishinaga MD Abstract Background Pendred's syndrome (PS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by goiter and congenital sensorineural hearing loss. Recent advances in molecular biology revealed the gene responsible for PS (PDS) and provided an important aid for the diagnosis of this condition. Methods A case of PS with huge goiter and congenital hearing impairment was diagnosed by mutational analysis of the PDS gene. Results Physical examination and computer tomography CT revealed a diffuse swelling of the thyroid gland. Thyroid function tests were normal, and the perchlorate discharge test was negative. Audiologic examination confirmed sensorineural hearing loss, and temporal bone CT revealed bilateral enlarged vestibular aqueducts. The mutational analysis revealed that the patient was homozygous for His 723 Arg (2168A,G) in exon 19, a missense mutation. Conclusions The results of thyroid function tests in PS patients are usually normal, and the positive perchlorate discharge test has been used for the diagnosis. However, this is a nonspecific test and is not sensitive enough for PS. In our case, despite a negative perchlorate test, the patient was diagnosed by mutational analysis and received total thyroidectomy to relieve respiratory distress caused by thyroid enlargement. This is the first report of a mutation detected in the thyroid tissue and clearly shows that the mutation caused histopathologic change in that gland. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Hyalinizing trabecular tumour of the thyroid,differential expression of distinct miRNAs compared with papillary thyroid carcinomaHISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2010Sien-Yi Sheu Sheu S-Y, Vogel E, Worm K, Grabellus F, Schwertheim S & Schmid K W (2010) Histopathology56, 632,640 Hyalinizing trabecular tumour of the thyroid,differential expression of distinct miRNAs compared with papillary thyroid carcinoma Aims:, To compare the expression pattern of five microRNAs (miRNAs) (146b, -181b, -21, -221, -222) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and hyalinizing trabecular tumour of the thyroid (HTT). Methods and results:, The expression pattern of five miRNAs known to be up-regulated in PTC was retrospectively analysed in 18 HTTs, adjacent normal thyroid tissue, 10 PTCs, 10 follicular adenomas and 10 non-toxic multinodular goitres (MNG) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using the TaqMan miRNA assay. Furthermore, the two common genetic alterations characteristic for PTC, the V600E mutation of the BRAF gene and RET/PTC 1 and 3 rearrangements, were determined in all HTTs. All miRNAs were significantly up-regulated in PTCs, whereas all miRNAs in HTT, normal thyroid tissue, adenomas, and MNGs were down-regulated. Calculating relative changes in gene expression, a 510-fold change of miRNA 146b between PTC and HTT could be observed followed by fold changes between 6.4 and 29 in the remaining miRNAs (P < 0.001). All HTTs lacked BRAF mutations and RET/PTC rearrangements. Conclusions:, Our findings do not support the concept that a high proportion of HTT represents a variant of PTC. It is suggested that HTTs lacking both a miRNA expression pattern characteristic for PTC and RET/PTC rearrangements are re-designated as ,hyalinizing trabecular adenomas'. [source] Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptors expression and microvascular density in benign and malignant thyroid diseasesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Ala'eddin Jebreel Summary Angiogenesis is critical for the growth and metastatic spread of tumours. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent inducer of neovasculature, and its increased expression has been related to a worse clinical outcome in many diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between VEGF, its receptors (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2) and microvessel density (MVD) in thyroid diseases. Immunostaining for VEGF and VEGF receptors was performed in 66 specimens of thyroid tissue, comprising 17 multinodular goitre (MNG), 14 Graves' disease, 10 follicular adenoma, 8 Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 7 papillary carcinoma and 10 normal thyroid specimens. Thyrocyte positivity for VEGF and VEGF receptors was scored 0,3. Immunohistochemistry for CD31, and CD34 on the same sections was performed to evaluate MVD. Immunohistochemical staining of VEGF in thyrocytes was positive in 92% of all the thyroid tissues studied. Using an immunostaining intensity cut off of 2, increased thyrocyte staining was seen in follicular adenoma specimens, MNG and normal thyroids compared with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease (P < 0.05). Similarly, VEGF thyrocyte expression in Graves' disease was less than other pathologies (P < 0.05). VEGFR-1 expression and the average MVD score did not differ between the different thyroid pathologies. VEGF expression was lower in autoimmune pathologies compared to autonomous growth processes. Conversely, both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 were widely expressed in benign and neoplastic thyroid disease, suggesting that the up-regulation of VEGF and not its receptors occurs as tissue becomes autonomous. There was no clear relationship between MVD measurement and thyroid pathology. [source] Analysis of the genetic variability of the 1st (CCC/ACC, P52T) and the 10th exons (bp 1012,1704) of the TSH receptor gene in Graves' diseaseINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS, Issue 1 2000Viktória Kaczur We determined the genetic variability of the 1st (CCC/ACC, P52T polymorphic variant) and 10th exons (bp 1012,1704) of the TSH receptor (TSHR) gene in Graves' disease. A total of 101 Graves' patients and 163 control subjects were screened. The A253 mutant allele was carried by nine patients with Graves' disease (8.91%) and 13 control subjects (7.98%) in heterozygous genotype. No significant difference in the frequency of the mutant allele was found between Graves' patients and control subjects. These results provide evidence that the A253 polymorphism has no genetic relevance in Graves' disease. Moreover, the DNA nucleotide sequence of 693 bp of the 10th exon (bp 1012,1704) of the TSHR gene was determined in 15 Graves' patients. Six patients were homozygous for the wild-type allele and nine were heterozygous for the mutant allele at the 253rd nucleotide of the first exon. No polymorphism was found in the DNA sequences obtained from leukocytes of Graves' patients, similarly to the sequences obtained from the nine control subjects. None of the nine patients carrying the A253 polymorphism in the 1st exon of the TSHR had polymorphism in the examined part of the 10th exon, including two additional patients whose thyroid tissue was directly analysed. In all likelihood, the polymorphisms of the examined regions of either the 1st or the 10th exon of the THSR gene do not contribute to the genetic susceptibility to Graves' disease. [source] Benign ectopic thyroid tissue in a cutaneous location: a case report and reviewJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2004Kim Maino Background:, For many years, lateral, aberrant thyroid tissue in adults was a term used almost exclusively for metastatic thyroid carcinoma. However, aberrant, benign ectopic thyroid tissue does occur, and it is most commonly found as a part of the evaluation of endocrine dysfunction. Rarely, aberrant, benign ectopic thyroid presents as a primary mass. Case report:, We present a 35-year-old female who presented for removal of a lifelong posterior lateral neck nodule. Results:, Histologic examination and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the presence of aberrant, benign ectopic thyroid tissue. The patient had no endocrine problems, and she had a normally located and functioning thyroid gland. Conclusions:, This case illustrates that not all aberrant thyroid tissues in adults are malignant or associated with endocrine disorders. This case also illustrates the rare association of ectopic thyroid and a normally located and functioning thyroid gland. In this patient, a somatic mutation in a transcription factor important in thyroid migration could explain these findings. [source] Ex vivo and in vivo evaluation of laser-induced thermotherapy for nodular thyroid diseaseLASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 7 2009Jörg-P. Abstract Background and Objective The prevalence of thyroid nodules ranges between 2% and 60% depending on the population studied. However, minimally invasive procedures like laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) are increasingly used to treat tumors of parenchymatous organs and seem to be suitable for singular thyroid nodules as well. Their successful clinical application depends on the induction of sufficiently large lesions and a knowledge of the energy parameters required for complete thermal ablation. The aim of this study was to establish a dose,response relationship for LITT of thyroid nodules. Materials and Methods Thermal lesions were induced in healthy porcine thyroid glands ex vivo (n,=,110) and in vivo (n,=,10) using an Nd:YAG laser (1,064,nm). Laser energy was applied for 300,seconds in a power range of 10,20,W. During the ablation, continuous temperature measurement at a distance of 5 and 10,mm from the applicator was performed. The lesions were longitudinally and transversally measured, and the volume was calculated. Furthermore, enzyme histochemical analysis of the thyroid tissue was performed. Results The maximum inducible lesion volumes were between 0.74,±,0.18,cm3 at a laser power of 10,W and 3.80,±,0.41,cm3 at 20,W. The maximum temperatures after ablation were between 72.9,±,2.9°C (10,W) and 112.9,±,9.2°C (20,W) at a distance of 5,mm and between 49.5,±,2.2°C (10,W) and 73.2,±,6.7°C (20,W) at a distance of 10,mm from the applicator. The histochemical analysis demonstrates a complete loss of NADPH dehydrogenase activity in thermal lesions as a sign of irreversible cell damage. Conclusions This study is the first to demonstrate a dose,response relationship for LITT of thyroid tissue. LITT is suitable for singular thyroid nodules and induces reproducible clinically relevant lesions with irreversible cell damage in an appropriate application time. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:479,486, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Heterotopic intrathymic thyroid tissuePATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 10 2006Ilseon Hwang Heterotopic intrathymic thyroid tissue is an extremely rare condition, but it is important to distinguish it from metastases of clinically undetected thyroid carcinoma because metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma is often so well differentiated, simulating normal thyroid tissue. Described herein are histological findings of heterotopic intrathymic thyroid tissue that was incidentally identified in a woman with papillary thyroid carcinoma during histological examination of a radical neck dissection specimen. These findings emphasize that this rare incidence may occur and should be differentiated from metastatic papillary carcinoma. Histologically, the patient's intrathymic thyroid follicles were identical to the normal thyroid follicles, having flat cuboidal cells with uniformly small nuclei without nuclear grooves or inclusions. The follicular cells had a low Ki-67 labeling index close to zero, and immunonegativity for galectin-3, HBME-1, and RET oncoprotein, in contrast to the tumor cells in primary papillary thyroid carcinoma of the patient. To the authors' knowledge this is the first case report of intrathymic heterotopic thyroid tissue posing a diagnostic difficulty in a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma. [source] Thyrocyte integration, and thyroid folliculogenesis and tissue regeneration: Perspective for thyroid tissue engineeringPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2001Shuji Toda The thyroid gland is composed of many ball-like structures called thyroid follicles, which are supported by the interfollicular extracellular matrix (ECM) and a capillary network. The component thyrocytes are highly integrated in their specific structural and functional polarization. In conventional monolayer and floating culture systems, thyrocytes cannot organize themselves into follicles with normal polarity. In contrast, in 3-D collagen gel culture, thyrocytes easily form stable follicles with physiological polarity. Integration of thyrocyte growth and differentiation results ultimately in thyroid folliculogenesis. This culture method and subacute thyroiditis are two promising models for addressing mechanisms of folliculogenesis, because thyroid-follicle formation actively occurs both in the culture system and at the regenerative phase of the disorder. The understanding of the mechanistic basis of folliculogenesis is prerequisite for generation of artificial thyroid tissue, which would enable a more physiological strategy to the treatment of hypothyroidism caused by various diseases and surgical processes than conventional hormone replacement therapy. We review here thyrocyte integration, and thyroid folliculogenesis and tissue regeneration. We also briefly discuss a perspective for thyroid tissue regeneration and engineering. [source] Nano-high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with nano-electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion-cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for proteome analysisRAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 12 2003Christian Ihling Fourier transform ion-cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry offers several advantages for the analysis of biological samples, including excellent mass resolution, ultra-high mass measurement accuracy, high sensitivity, and wide mass range. We report the application of a nano-HPLC system coupled to an FTICR mass spectrometer equipped with nanoelectrospray source (nano-HPLC/nano-ESI-FTICRMS) for proteome analysis. Protein identification in proteomics is usually conducted by accurately determining peptide masses resulting from enzymatic protein digests and comparing them with theoretically digested protein sequences from databases. A tryptic in-solution digest of bovine serum albumin was used to optimize experimental conditions and data processing. Spots from Coomassie Blue and silver-stained two-dimensional (2D) gels of human thyroid tissue were excised, in-gel digested with trypsin, and subsequently analyzed by nano-HPLC/nano-ESI-FTICRMS. Additionally, we analyzed 1D-gel bands of membrane preparations of COS-6 cells from African green monkey kidney as an example of more complex protein mixtures. Nano-HPLC was performed using 1-mm reverse-phase C-18 columns for pre-concentration of the samples and reverse-phase C-18 capillary columns for separation, applying water/acetonitrile gradient elution conditions at flow rates of 200,nL/min. Mass measurement accuracies smaller than 3,ppm were routinely obtained. Different methods for processing the raw data were compared in order to identify a maximum number of peptides with the highest possible degree of automation. Parallel identification of proteins from complex mixtures down to low-femtomole levels makes nano-HPLC/nano-ESI-FTICRMS an attractive approach for proteome analysis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Aerodigestive Tract Invasion by Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Diagnosis, Management, Prognosis, and BiologyTHE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 1 2006Judith Czaja McCaffrey MD Objectives/Hypothesis: 1) To describe the clinical entity invasive well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (IWDTC), 2) to determine prognostic factors for survival in patients with IWDTC, 3) to describe and compare types of surgical resection to determine treatment efficacy, 4) to offer a staging system and surgical algorithm for management of patients with IWDTC, 5) to examine alterations in expression of E-cadherin and ,-catenin adhesion molecules in three groups of thyroid tissue and propose a cellular mechanism for invasion of the aerodigestive tract. Study Design: Basic science: quantification of expression of E-cadherin and ,-catenin in three groups of thyroid tissue. Clinical: retrospective review of patients with IWDTC surgically treated and followed over a 45-year time period. Methods: Basic science: immunohistochemical staining was used with antibodies against E-cadherin and ,-catenin in three groups of tissue: group 1, normal control thyroid tissue (n = 10); group 2, conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 20); group 3, IWDTC (n = 12). Intensity scores were given on the basis of protocol. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate differences between groups. Post hoc ANOVA testing was completed. P < .05 was significant. Clinical: patients were divided into three surgical groups within the laryngotracheal subset: group 1, complete resection of gross disease (n = 34); group 2, shave excision (n = 75); group 3, incomplete excision (n = 15). Cox regression analysis was used to determine significance of prognostic factors. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to evaluate survival. P < .05 was significant. Results: Basic science: a significant difference between the three thyroid tissue groups for E-cadherin expression was demonstrated on one-way ANOVA testing. When controls were compared with either experimental group in post hoc ANOVA testing, differences between all groups were demonstrated (P < .001). For ,-catenin, the intensities of the three groups were not different by one-way ANOVA testing. Similar nonsignificant results were found on post hoc ANOVA testing. Clinical: there was a statistically significant difference in survival for patients with and without involvement of any portion of the endolarynx or trachea (P < .01). There was a significant difference among all three surgical groups when compared (P < .001). When complete and shave groups were compared with gross residual group there was a significant decrease in survival in incomplete resection group (P < .01). Cox regression analysis demonstrated invasion of larynx and trachea were significant prognostic factors for poor outcome. The type of initial resection was significant on multivariate analysis. Removal of all gross disease is a major factor for survival. Conclusions: Basic science: there is a decrease in membrane expression of E-cadherin in IWDTC, and loss of this tumor suppressor adhesion molecule may contribute to the invasive nature of well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Clinical: laryngotracheal invasion is a significant independent prognostic factor for survival. Patients undergoing shave excision had similar survival when compared with those undergoing radical tumor resection if gross tumor did not remain. Gross intraluminal tumor should be resected completely. Shave excision is adequate for minimal invasion not involving the intraluminal surfaces of the aerodigestive tract. [source] Histological Characterization of the Thyroglossal Tract: Implications for Surgical Management,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 6 2001Rakesh K. Chandra MD Abstract Objectives In the current report, we characterized the relationship between the central hyoid bone and the thyroglossal tract and determined the prevalence of ectopic thyroid follicles in the adjacent soft tissues. Study Design Retrospective pathological analysis. Methods The resected specimens from 104 patients who underwent a modified Sistrunk procedure with wide-field dissection were retrospectively analyzed. Under light microscopy, serial sections were examined to determine whether the thyroglossal tract passed anterior to, posterior to, or within the hyoid bone. Specimens were also examined for the presence of thyroid follicles in the periductal and pericystic soft tissues. Results In 50 cases (48%), the tract position in relation to the hyoid bone could not be identified secondary to extensive arborization, marked inflammation, specimen fragmentation or a combination of these. Thyroid follicles were observed in 9 (18%) of these specimens. In the remaining 54 cases (52%) the tract was located anterior to the central arch of the hyoid bone in 39 (72%) and posterior to it in 15 (28%). Thyroid tissue was observed in 46% of specimens (P = .004), regardless of whether the tract was anterior or posterior. Conclusions These results demonstrate that tract position often cannot be defined, but when a portion is dominant, it is likely to be anterior to the hyoid bone. Ectopic thyroid tissue can be found in almost 50% of specimens when the tract position is identifiable. With appropriate surgical management, a recurrence rate of less than 4% can be expected, despite the presence of ductule multiplicity, marked inflammation, tract position posterior to the hyoid bone, and ectopic thyroid follicles. [source] Influence of surgical and postoperative treatment on survival in differentiated thyroid cancerBRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 5 2007C. I. Lundgren Background: The extent of thyroidectomy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to identify how surgical technique and postoperative treatments influence survival and locoregional recurrence in DTC. Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted in a cohort of 5123 patients diagnosed with DTC in Sweden between 1958 and 1987. One matched control subject was selected randomly for each patient who died from DTC. Details regarding surgery and postoperative treatments were obtained from medical records. The effect of treatment on survival was estimated by conditional logistic regression. Results: Patients not treated surgically had a poorer prognosis, but the risk of death from DTC was not affected by the choice of surgical technique. The extent of surgery influenced survival only in patients with TNM stage III disease. Locoregional recurrence resulted in a fivefold increased risk of death. Postoperative treatment was not associated with improved survival. Conclusion: In operated patients, the most important prognostic factor was complete removal of the tumour. The extent of removal of remaining thyroid tissue was of prognostic importance in stage III disease only. Adjuvant postoperative treatment did not influence the prognosis favourably. Copyright © 2007 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptors expression and microvascular density in benign and malignant thyroid diseasesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Ala'eddin Jebreel Summary Angiogenesis is critical for the growth and metastatic spread of tumours. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent inducer of neovasculature, and its increased expression has been related to a worse clinical outcome in many diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between VEGF, its receptors (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2) and microvessel density (MVD) in thyroid diseases. Immunostaining for VEGF and VEGF receptors was performed in 66 specimens of thyroid tissue, comprising 17 multinodular goitre (MNG), 14 Graves' disease, 10 follicular adenoma, 8 Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 7 papillary carcinoma and 10 normal thyroid specimens. Thyrocyte positivity for VEGF and VEGF receptors was scored 0,3. Immunohistochemistry for CD31, and CD34 on the same sections was performed to evaluate MVD. Immunohistochemical staining of VEGF in thyrocytes was positive in 92% of all the thyroid tissues studied. Using an immunostaining intensity cut off of 2, increased thyrocyte staining was seen in follicular adenoma specimens, MNG and normal thyroids compared with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease (P < 0.05). Similarly, VEGF thyrocyte expression in Graves' disease was less than other pathologies (P < 0.05). VEGFR-1 expression and the average MVD score did not differ between the different thyroid pathologies. VEGF expression was lower in autoimmune pathologies compared to autonomous growth processes. Conversely, both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 were widely expressed in benign and neoplastic thyroid disease, suggesting that the up-regulation of VEGF and not its receptors occurs as tissue becomes autonomous. There was no clear relationship between MVD measurement and thyroid pathology. [source] Benign ectopic thyroid tissue in a cutaneous location: a case report and reviewJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2004Kim Maino Background:, For many years, lateral, aberrant thyroid tissue in adults was a term used almost exclusively for metastatic thyroid carcinoma. However, aberrant, benign ectopic thyroid tissue does occur, and it is most commonly found as a part of the evaluation of endocrine dysfunction. Rarely, aberrant, benign ectopic thyroid presents as a primary mass. Case report:, We present a 35-year-old female who presented for removal of a lifelong posterior lateral neck nodule. Results:, Histologic examination and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the presence of aberrant, benign ectopic thyroid tissue. The patient had no endocrine problems, and she had a normally located and functioning thyroid gland. Conclusions:, This case illustrates that not all aberrant thyroid tissues in adults are malignant or associated with endocrine disorders. This case also illustrates the rare association of ectopic thyroid and a normally located and functioning thyroid gland. In this patient, a somatic mutation in a transcription factor important in thyroid migration could explain these findings. [source] Identification of differentially expressed proteins in papillary thyroid carcinomas with V600E mutation of BRAFPROTEOMICS - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, Issue 7 2007Efisio Puxeddu Abstract BRAF, a serine/threonine kinase of the RAF family, is a downstream transducer of the RAS-regulated MAPK pathway. V600E mutation of BRAF protein is the most common genetic alteration occurring in papillary thyroid carcinomas and is prognostic of poor clinicopathological outcomes. Protein expression in the subclass of PTC bearing the BRAFV600E mutation was investigated by using 2-DE and MS/MS techniques and compared to that of matched normal thyroid tissues from seven patients. 2-D gel image analysis revealed that the expression of eight polypeptide spots, corresponding to five proteins, were significantly underexpressed in PTC bearing BRAFV600E mutation whereas 25 polypeptides, representing 19 distinct proteins, were significantly upregulated in tumour tissue, as compared to normal thyroid. Among the differentially expressed polypeptides, mitochondrial proteins, ROS-scavenger enzymes, apoptosis-related proteins as well as proteins involved in tumour cell proliferation were identified. Although dissimilarities between the present results and those previously reported can be ascribed to the use of different 2-DE techniques, the possibility that BRAFV600E mutation is responsible for changes in protein expression distinct from those induced by other oncogenes cannot be ruled out. [source] Evaluation of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor expression in human benign and malignant thyroid lesionsAPMIS, Issue 3 2010CONSTANTINOS GIAGINIS Giaginis C, Zarros A, Alexandrou P, Klijanienko J, Delladetsima I, Theocharis S. Evaluation of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor expression in human benign and malignant thyroid lesions. APMIS 2010; 118: 210,21. Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) expression on tumor cells is associated with sensitivity to adenoviral infection, being considered as a surrogate marker for monitoring and/or predicting adenovirus-mediated gene therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of CAR expression in human benign and malignant thyroid lesions. CAR protein expression was assessed immunohistochemically on paraffin-embedded thyroid tissues from 107 patients with benign and malignant lesions and was statistically analyzed in relation to histopathologic type; tumor size; lymph node metastasis; capsular, lymphatic and vessel invasion; as well as follicular cells' proliferative capacity. CAR immunoreactivity was characterized as negative/weak in 53 (49.53%), moderate in 31 (28.97%) and strong in 23 (21.50%) of 107 thyroid cases. CAR immunoreactivity was significantly increased in malignant compared with that in benign thyroid lesions (p = 0.00002). Both malignant and benign thyroid lesions with enhanced follicular cells' proliferative capacity showed significantly increased CAR immunoreactivity (p = 0.00027). In malignant thyroid lesions, enhanced CAR immunoreactivity was significantly associated with larger tumor size (p = 0.0067). The current data revealed that CAR immunoreactivity could be considered of diagnostic utility in thyroid neoplasia. Further research effort is warranted to delineate whether CAR could be considered clinically important for both diagnosis and future (gene) therapeutic applications in thyroid neoplasia. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||