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Test Techniques (test + techniques)

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Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

FS02.8 Patch testing with gold trichloride can give false test results

CONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 3 2004
Birgitta Gruvberger
Background:, Hydrochloric acid is formed in water solutions of gold trichloride. Hydrochloric acid in contact with aluminium generates hydrogen gas which can reduce and transform trivalent gold to elemental gold. Objective:, To investigate whether patch testing with aqueous gold trichloride can cause false positive (irritant) reactions in patients without contact allergy to gold and false negative reactions in patients with gold allergy. Methods:, 13 patients with and 13 patients without positive patch test reactions to gold sodium thiosulfate were tested with gold trichloride in 2 different vehicles, water and alkaline buffer, using 2 different test techniques, the Finn Chamber technique with aluminium chambers and van der Bend technique with polypropene chambers. Results:, Irritant patch test reactions were obtained with aqueous gold trichloride tested in van der Bend chambers in 10 patients without gold allergy. In gold-allergic patients no positive test reactions were obtained from aqueous gold trichloride in Finn chambers while 2 positive test reactions were obtained from gold trichloride in alkaline buffer tested in van der Bend chambers. Conclusion:, If gold trichloride is patch tested in wrong vehicle and with wrong test technique irritant test reactions may occur which can be misinterpreted as positive allergic reactions in patients without gold allergy as well as negative reactions in patients with gold allergy. [source]

P45 Neomycine sulfate patch tests

CONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 3 2004
Bolli Bjarnason
Objective:, The purpose of this study is to investigate if patients with neomycin sulfate allergy may develop test responses that are unclassifiable by commonly used assessment scales but which should be considered positive. Materials:, 16 patients who tested positive to neomycin sulfate patch tests are retested with different dose levels and application times. Test areas are assessed visually up to 11 days. Results:, Three types of reactions were observed. The first type was characterized by erythema and diffuse infiltrate. Some of these had in addition either discrete papules or both papules and vesicles on their surface. The second type of reaction initially developed large perifollicular papules which later developed into coalescent erythema and diffuse infiltrate. The third type of reaction exhibited perifollicular papules only which declined over time. This type was unclassifiable by commonly used assessment scales. All types of reactions were of clinical significance. Conclusion:, The results support that universal assessment scales for patch-test responses due to different test agents may be inappropriate for assessment of neomycin sulfate patch tests. The clinician should only consider assessment scales as an aid in the assessment of test responses and be aware that morphology of test responses may differ between test agents and test techniques. [source]

Efficacy of ProTaper Universal rotary retreatment system for gutta-percha removal from root canals

INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 4 2008
L.-S. Gu
Abstract Aim, To evaluate the efficacy of the ProTaper Universal rotary retreatment system for gutta-percha (GP) removal from root canals. Methodology, Root canals of 60 extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were prepared and filled with laterally condensed GP and AH Plus sealer. Teeth were divided into three groups: group A , GP removal completed with the ProTaper Universal rotary retreatment system and with further canal repreparation accomplished with ProTaper Universal rotary instruments; group B , GP removal was completed using Gates Glidden drills and Hedström files with chloroform as a solvent, followed with further canal repreparation with ProTaper Universal rotary instruments; group C , the same as group B for GP removal with further canal preparation with stainless steel K-flex files (Kerr). The operating time was recorded. Teeth were rendered transparent for the evaluation of the area of remaining GP/sealer in bucco-lingual and mesial,distal directions. Statistical analysis was performed by using repeated measures analysis of variance and anova. Results, The ProTaper Universal technique (group A) resulted in a smaller percentage of canal area covered by residual GP/sealer than in groups B and C, with a significant difference between groups A and C (P < 0.05). Mean operating time for group A was 6.73 min, which was significantly shorter (P < 0.05) than group B (10.86 min) and group C (13.52 min). Conclusions, In this laboratory study all test techniques left GP/sealer remnants within the root canal. The ProTaper Universal rotary retreatment system proved to be an efficient method of removing GP and sealer from maxillary anterior teeth. [source]

Prenatal diagnostic procedures used in pregnancies with congenital malformations in 14 regions of Europe

PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS, Issue 11 2004
Ester Garne
Abstract Objective To investigate outcomes of ultrasound investigations (US) and invasive diagnostic procedures in cases of congenital malformations (CM), and to compare the use of invasive prenatal test techniques (amniocentesis (AC) versus chorionic villus sampling (CVS)) among European populations. Design Analysis of data from population-based registries of CM. Subjects 25 400 cases of CM recorded by 14 EUROCAT registries covering a total population of 1 013 352 births 1995,99. Results US were performed in 91% of cases, and positively detected CM in 35% of cases. AC was performed in 24% of the cases and CVS in 3% of cases. Thirty-eight percent of invasive tests gave positive results. Fifty-two percent of cases with maternal age , 35 years had an invasive test performed compared to 20% of cases with younger mothers. Considerable variation was found between registries in the uptake rate of invasive tests in cases with older maternal age and on the use of invasive tests with only four regions employing CVS techniques in at least a third of the cases having invasive tests. For chromosomal anomalies US gave positive results in 46% of cases with maternal age < 35 years with US performed and in 36% of cases with maternal age , 35 years with US performed. Conclusion Prenatal US was performed in 91% of all pregnancies with CM but the test was only positive in a third of the cases. There was large regional variation in the uptake rate of invasive tests with maternal age of 35 years or more. For every CVS carried out there were nine AC tests. US is an important tool in the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal anomalies in Europe. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]