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Test Equipment (test + equipment)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Engineering	75%

Selected Abstracts

Software framework for distributed experimental,computational simulation of structural systems

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 3 2006
Yoshikazu Takahashi
Abstract Supported by the recent advancement of experimental test methods, numerical simulation, and high-speed communication networks, it is possible to distribute geographically the testing of structural systems using hybrid experimental,computational simulation. One of the barriers for this advanced testing is the lack of flexible software for hybrid simulation using heterogeneous experimental equipment. To address this need, an object-oriented software framework is designed, developed, implemented, and demonstrated for distributed experimental,computational simulation of structural systems. The software computes the imposed displacements for a range of test methods and co-ordinates the control of local and distributed configurations of experimental equipment. The object-oriented design of the software promotes the sharing of modules for experimental equipment, test set-ups, simulation models, and test methods. The communication model for distributed hybrid testing is similar to that used for parallel computing to solve structural simulation problems. As a demonstration, a distributed pseudodynamic test was conducted using a client,server approach, in which the server program controlled the test equipment in Japan and the client program performed the computational simulation in the United States. The distributed hybrid simulation showed that the software framework is flexible and reliable. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Crystalline , -Alumina Deposited in an Industrial Coating Unit for Demanding Turning Operations,

ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 1-2 2010
Kirsten Bobzin
Crystalline PVD ,-Al2O3 - coatings offer great potential for their use in high-speed cutting operations. They promise high hot hardness and high oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. This is important for coatings that are used for machining of materials with low thermal conductivity such as stainless steel or Inconel 718 because heat generated during cutting can barely be dissipated by the chip. Because of the prevailing bonding forces of alumina, adhesion-related sticking can be reduced even for dry cutting. Furthermore, the high formation enthalpy of alumina prevents chemical reactions with frictional partners. The present work gives an overview of the deposition of ,-Al2O3 thin films on WC/Co-cutting inserts by using pulsed MSIP (magnetron sputter ion plating) PVD technology. To improve adhesion, a (Ti,Al)N bond coat was employed. The samples were analyzed using common thin film test equipment. Cutting tests and pin-on-disk examinations were carried out to test the coating's performance. For turning operations, the difficult-to-machine austenitic steel 1.4301 (X5CrNi18-10) was used. In comparison to a state-of-the-art (Ti,Al)N coating, (Ti,Al)N/,-Al2O3 showed a longer tool life. [source]

Temperature effects on the mass flow rate in the SBI and similar heat-release rate test equipment

FIRE AND MATERIALS, Issue 1 2007
Bart J. G. Sette
Abstract In various medium-to-large-scale fire test equipments like the ISO room corner test (RC), and more recently, the single burning item test (SBI) the mass flow rate measurement of the combustion gases plays a key role in the determination of the heat-release rate and smoke-production rate. With the knowledge of the velocity profile and the temperature of the flow, the mass flow rate is obtained by measuring the velocity on the axis of the duct. This is done by means of a bi-directional probe based on the pitot principle. However, due to the variation of the mean temperature and the temperature gradient in any cross section of the duct, introduced by ever changing combustion gas temperatures, the velocity nor the density profile are constant in time. This paper examines the resulting uncertainty on the mass flow rate. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Ground water level influence on thermal response test in Adana, Turkey

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 7 2008
. Bozda
Abstract For optimum design of borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) and ground sources heat pump (GSHP) applications, determination of underground thermal properties is required. The design and economic feasibility (number and depth of boreholes) of these systems need thermal conductivity of geological structure, , (W,m,1,K,1), and thermal resistance of ground heat exchanger, R (K,W,1,m). Thermal properties measured in laboratory experiments do not coincide with data of in situ conditions. Therefore, in situ thermal response test equipment has been developed and used in Canada, England, Germany, Norway, U.K., U.S.A. and Sweden to ensure precise designing of BTES systems. This paper describes the results and evaluations of the Adana continual thermal response test measurements. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Effect of metallised carbon content of collector strip on the wear of contact wire,collector strip pair in railway systems

LUBRICATION SCIENCE, Issue 1 2007
B. Pizzigoni
Abstract Among the topics related to the interaction between the contact wire of the overhead line and the collector strip, the wear that takes place at the contact interface, depending on both electrical and mechanical quantities, represents an important aspect of maintenance costs, affecting the mean lifetime of collectors, in terms of travelled kilometers (in terms of tenth of thousands), and contact line duration, in terms of years (between 15 and 40). Due to its importance in the global maintenance of both rolling stock and infrastructure, this topic deserved the attention of several regulations in the last decade. In order to investigate the effects of electro-mechanical wear on both contact wire and contact strip, a new test equipment has been designed and installed at Politecnico di Milano. A series of tests have been performed, involving different kinds of collector strip materials and contact conditions, tested at varying speeds and current intensities. This investigation concerned different collector strip configurations intended for 3kV D.C. lines. The combination of different contents of copper and metallised carbon in the collector has been found to influence the wear rate of both collector strip and contact wire. Differences in wear up to four times for the former and up to six times for the latter have been found depending on the composition of the collector. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Development of an improved method for investigating the frictional properties of lubricants under transient EHD conditions

LUBRICATION SCIENCE, Issue 4 2002
B.-O. Åhrström
Abstract In the design and evaluation of mechanical system performance it is important to know the frictional qualities of the lubricant. Without correct numerical treatment of the lubricant during simulations of large systems, e.g., drive trains in trucks and buses, the results will, to a large extent, be inaccurate. However, obtaining detailed information places demands on the test equipment as the events are both transient and highly loaded. Under quasi-static conditions, forces are measured with force transducers, but in elasto-hydrodynamically lubricated conjunctions, where pressures are so high that the surrounding surfaces deform elastically, this cannot be done without permanently damaging the equipment. The conceptual design of the test equipment must therefore incorporate the measuring process in transient conditions (loading-unloading times of 200,500 ,s) being performed in real time, and allow extreme pressures of up to 3 GPa without component destruction. One way to obtain accurate friction data successfully is to apply a concentrated force pulse to a non-instrumented surface and to measure the response from that pulse elsewhere. The development of a measurement technique, the Lulea ball and bar apparatus, which utilises wave propagation theory, is presented in this paper. An oblique impact on a robust end plate on a rod was used to generate both non-dispersive compression waves and dispersive flexural waves. The normal force created by the axial wave was measured using strain gauges, while the transverse force was derived from the fast Fourier transforms of two lateral acceleration histories, using dynamic beam theory. The relation between the normal and tangential force histories showed the frictional properties at the impact as a function of time. A variety of lubricants was also studied at Hertzian pressures of up to 2.5 GPa, and the development of the method and results are presented. Experiments indicate that different lubricants exhibit different frictional properties and that the resolution in the test equipment is sufficient to indicate this. [source]

Deflagration and detonation of ethylene oxide vapor in pipelines

PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS, Issue 3 2000
Paul Thibault
Pure ethylene oxide (EO) vapor may propagate decomposition flames through pipe above certain minimum conditions of temperature, pressure and pipe diameter. Flame propagation was studied in both closed and vented 5 cm (2-inch) pipe and closed 30 cm (12-inch) pipe. Flame progression in closed pipe was irregular and proceeded in pulsed stages. A possible mechanism involves preferential flame propagation at the pipe roof accompanied by periodic autodecomposition of EO accumulated in hot products behind the flame front, such accumulation probably being augmented by liquid EO condensed on the pipe walls ahead of the expanding flame system. Flames propagated 15 m (50 ft) through horizontal 5 cm pipe at 70°C and initial pressures , 4.3 bar (62 psia). In a series of 30 cm pipe tests employing low-energy ignition and otherwise increasingly severe conditions, a deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) occurred, partially destroying the test equipment. A new test facility was set up to confirm the ability of EO to propagate detonations in 30 cm pipe and to further investigate the phenomenon. Two EO detonations at 2.9 bar and one at 3.5 bar were directly initiated via the strong shocks from hydrogen-oxygen detonations. Based on a spectrum analysis of the pressure histories, the two detonations at 2.9 bar were probably marginal and propagated in a single spin detonation mode. At 3.5 bar, the pressure history suggests that the detonation propagated in a two-head detonation mode near the end of the 24 m test section. [source]