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Territorial Structure (territorial + structure)
Selected AbstractsTerritorial Behaviour and Communication in a Ritual LandscapeGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 2 2001Leif Sahlqvist Landscape research in the last decade, in human geography as well as in anthropology and archaeology, has often been polarized, either according to traditional geographical methods or following the principles of a new, symbolically orientated discipline. This cross,disciplinary study in prehistoric Östergötland, Sweden, demonstrates the importance of using methods and approaches from both orientations in order to gain reasonable comprehension of landscape history and territorial structure. Funeral monuments as cognitive nodes in a prehistoric cultural landscape are demonstrated as to contain significant elements of astronomy, not unlike what has been discussed for native and prehistoric American cultures, e.g. Ancestral Pueblo. A locational analysis with measurements of distances and directions was essential in approaching this structure. A nearest neighbour method was used as a starting,point for a territorial discussion, indicating that the North European hundreds division could have its roots in Bronze Age (1700,500 BC) tribal territories, linked to barrows geographically interrelated in cardinal alignments. In the European Bronze Age faith and science, the religious and the profane, were integrated within the framework of a solar cult, probably closely connected with astronomy in a ritual landscape, organized according to cosmological ideas, associated with power and territoriality. Cosmographic expression of a similar kind was apparently used even earlier, as gallery,graves (stone cists) from the Late Neolithic (2300,1700 BC) in Östergötland are also geographically interrelated in cardinal alignments. [source] Breeding performance, age effects and territory occupancy in a Bonelli's Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus populationIBIS, Issue 2 2008JOSÉ A. MARTÍNEZ Bonelli's Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus is one of the most endangered birds of prey in Europe. Despite mounting interest and research, several questions regarding the conservation implications of territory occupancy and site-dependent population regulation remain insufficiently explored for this species. Here, we report on a 12-year study of the territorial structure of a Bonelli's Eagle population in southeastern Spain. No signals of population decline were found in the breeding population, as mean annual productivity was stable and the presence of mixed-age pairs in the population decreased with the years. However, the average proportion of subadults occupying territories was larger than that observed in other Spanish populations. Contrary to the predictions of a despotic distribution model, we found no significant relationship between occupancy rates and breeding parameters. Our results showed significant variations in productivity attributable to differences in the quality of individuals (i.e. mixed versus adult pairs), but no variability among territories per se (i.e. caused by habitat heterogeneity). Moreover, coexistence with intraguild species did not have any significant effect on productivity, although the proximity of Eagle Owls Bubo bubo affected the occupation rate of territories. Finally, our population does not appear to experience site-dependent population regulation, as a positive relation between mean annual productivity and density was found. The threat posed by changes in land use in the study area leads us to suggest that strict protection of current territories is necessary to ensure population persistence, and we suggest that a significant population increase is only likely if new or deserted territories become available. [source] "SCENOGRAPHIC" AND "COSMETIC" PLANNING: GLOBALIZATION AND TERRITORIAL RESTRUCTURING IN BUENOS AIRESJOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS, Issue 3 2006LAURENCE CROT ABSTRACT:,The aim of the present article is to provide an account of the ways in which the impact exerted by globalizing forces on the territorial structure of the city of Buenos Aires has been mediated by local planning processes. After a brief review of the main trends and critiques found in the academic literature, the author examines how the territorial transformations that have taken place in Buenos Aires over the past fifteen years may not be simplistically related to,or blamed on,global pressures. It is argued that the determinacy imposed by long-term historical tendencies, together with specific territorial planning arrangements characteristic of the Argentine planning system, have played a major role in the production of Buenos Aires' territorial structuring over the past fifteen years. [source] The constitution and the politics of national identity in SpainNATIONS AND NATIONALISM, Issue 1 2010ENRIC MARTÍNEZ-HERRERA ABSTRACT. The 1978 Spanish Constitution enshrined the recognition of linguistic, cultural, and some degree of ,national' pluralism in the country and outlined procedural mechanisms for the creation of regional ,autonomies', which has given rise to a de facto asymmetrical federal state. This article begins by analyzing the compromise over issues of national identity embedded in the Constitution and the process by which this was forged. It highlights the articulation among political forces of contending conceptions of national identity and different projects for reorganising the territorial structure within and/or against the Spanish state. It also describes the social bases of support for the respective projects. Next, the article examines recent challenges to the parameters of the constitutional compromise. It shows that citizens' support for the basic parameters of the 1978 compromise remains high and has even become stronger. It emphasises that the preferences of the general public stand in sharp contrast with the preferences of influential sections of the Basque and Catalan regional political establishment, and it concludes that current challenges to the constitutional compromise are driven by political elites. [source] Black gold to green gold: regional energy policy and the rehabilitation of coal in response to climate changeAREA, Issue 1 2009Frances Drake Energy production has come under increasing scrutiny as concerns about energy security and climate change have risen. In the UK changes in government structure and privatisation of the electricity industry have led to the emergence of multi-level governance. This means that decisions on how to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the electricity-generating sector should no longer be solely a national policy decision. Previous studies have sought to explore how renewable energy may develop under multi-level governance, but this paper pays attention to a traditional fossil fuel source, coal, which is still an important means of electricity generation. Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel and advocates argue that carbon capture and storage techniques could make coal ,clean', paving the way for a long-term, secure and low emission way to produce energy. This study focuses on the Yorkshire and Humber Region, which has had a long association with coal mining and looks at the implications of this as the region seeks to develop a climate change action plan and an energy strategy within the new regional governance structures. The paper argues that the regional networks developed to address climate change are influenced by existing social power structures and alliances. The region as a territorial structure becomes a useful device in promoting national priorities. [source] Motility: mobility as capitalINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN AND REGIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2004Vincent Kaufmann Social and territorial structures form intricate relations that transcend a social stratification or spatial focus. Territorial features and geographic displacements are structuring principles for society, as societal features and social change effect the structure and use of territory. Based on our examination of the conceptual and theoretical links between spatial and social mobility, we propose a concept that represents a new form of inequality. Termed ,motility', this construct describes the potential and actual capacity of goods, information or people to be mobile both geographically and socially. Three major features of motility , access, competence and appropriation , are introduced. In this article, we focus on conceptual and theoretical contributions of motility. In addition, we suggest a number of possible empirical investigations. Motility presents us with an innovative perspective on societal changes without prematurely committing researchers to work within structuralist or postmodern perspectives. More generally, we propose to revisit the fluidification debate in the social sciences with a battery of questions that do not begin and end with whether or not society is in flux. Instead, we introduce a field of research that takes advantage of the insights from competing paradigms in order to reveal the social dynamics and consequences of displacements in geographic and social space. Les structures sociales et territoriales forment des relations complexes qui dépassent toute stratification sociale ou convergence spatiale. Les caractéristiques territoriales et déplacements géographiques sont, pour la société, des principes structurants, tout comme les caractéristiques sociétales et le changement social font naître la structure et l'usage d'un territoire. A partir d'un examen des liens conceptuels et théoriques entre les mobilités spatiale et sociale, cet article propose un concept traduisant une nouvelle forme d'inégalité: appelé,motilité', il décrit le potentiel et l'aptitude réelle des marchandises, informations ou individus àêtre mobiles sur un plan tant géographique que social. Trois traits essentiels de la motilité, accès, compétence et appropriation , sont présentés. Si l'article s'attache aux contributions conceptuelles et théoriques de la motilité, il suggère aussi plusieurs axes possibles d'études empiriques. La motilité offre une perspective novatrice sur les changements sociétaux, sans engager prématurément les travaux de recherches sur des rails structuralistes ou post-modernes. Plus généralement, il s'agit de revisiter le débat sur la fluidification en sciences sociales à l'aide d'une batterie de questions qui, ni au début ni à la fin, ne demande si la société est fluctuante ou non. En revanche, l'article propose un domaine de recherches qui exploite les réflexions tirées de paradigmes concurrents afin de révéler la dynamique sociale et les conséquences des déplacements dans l'espace géographique et social. [source] Home-range overlap and spatial organization as indicators for territoriality among male bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus)JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, Issue 3 2005Torsten Wronski Abstract Many studies have concluded that territoriality is absent in male bushbuck Tragelaphus scriptus but a minority has suggested that some exclusive mechanisms act between adult males. This study provides indirect evidence for the existence of territorial structures between adult male bushbuck by comparing home-range overlap between adult and sub-adult males. The spatial organization of individuals in relation to each other was established by using numerical classification. Location fixes of 52 males, each individual distinguished by a characteristic coat pattern, were taken over a period of 3 years. Home ranges were estimated using the fixed kernel density estimator. Two indices (coefficient of overlap, index of overlap) were applied to compare home-range overlap between the different male age classes. There was a strong home-range overlap up to the 30% home-range core between sub-adult as well as between adult and sub-adult males, while adult male home ranges overlapped up to the 50% home-range core only. It could be shown that home ranges of adult males overlapped significantly less than those of sub-adult males and those between sub-adult and adult males indicating an exclusive use of central core areas (home sites). Sub-adult males form bachelor pools without being permanently associated. With increasing age, sub-adult males challenge territory holders and replace them in order to take over their exclusive areas. These maturing sub-adult males (young adults), often focused on a particular territory holder denoting the young adults as prospects or candidates. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||