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Tempered Steel (tempered + steel)
Selected AbstractsAnalyses of the Performance Potential of Oxidic PVD Wear-Protection Coatings on Cutting Tools Using the Example of Crystalline ,-Al2O3,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 7 2008F. Klocke This paper focuses on the high performance potential of oxidic PVD coatings on cutting tools using the example of crystalline ,-Al2O3. The materials used during the cutting processes were the nickel-based alloy, Inconel 718, in wet-cut drilling and milling as well as a quenched and tempered steel in dry-cut milling. The conclusion that may be drawn from these analyses is that oxidic PVD coatings are characterised by outstanding wear behaviour and can contribute to a significant increase in cutting performance. [source] Comparative study on biaxial low-cycle fatigue behaviour of three structural steelsFATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, Issue 12 2006M. De FREITAS ABSTRACT In this study the uniaxial/biaxial low-cycle fatigue behaviour of three structural steels (Ck45 normalized steel, 42CrMo4 quenched and tempered steel and AISI 303 stainless steel) are studied, evaluated and compared. Two parameters are considered for estimating non-proportional fatigue lives: the coefficient of additional hardening and the factor of non-proportionality. A series of tests of uniaxial/biaxial low-cycle fatigue composed of tension/compression with cyclic torsion were carried out on a biaxial servo-hydraulic testing machine. Several loading paths were carried out, including proportional and non-proportional ones, in order to verify the additional hardening caused by different loading paths. The experiments showed that the three materials studied have very different additional hardening behaviour. Generally, the transient process from the initial loading cycle to stabilized loading cycle occurs in a few cycles. The stabilized cyclic stress/strain parameters are controlling parameters for fatigue damage. A factor of non-proportionality of the loading paths is evaluated based on the Minimum Circumscribed Ellipse approach. It is shown that the microstructure has a great influence on the additional hardening and the hardening effect is dependent on the loading path and also the intensity of the loading. [source] Prediction of crack opening stress levels for 1045 quenched and tempered steel under service loading spectraFATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, Issue 1 2006M. KHALIL ABSTRACT The opening stresses of a crack emanating from an edge notch in a 1045 quenched and tempered steel specimen were measured under two different Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standard service load histories having different average mean stress levels. The two spectra are the Grapple Skidder history (GSH), which has a positive average mean stress, and the Log Skidder history (LSH), which has a zero average mean stress. To capture the behaviour of the crack opening stress in the material, the crack opening stress levels were measured at 900X using an optical video microscope, at frequent intervals for each set of histories scaled to two different maximum stress ranges. A crack growth analysis based on a fracture mechanics approach was used to model the fatigue behaviour of the steel specimens for the given load spectra and stress ranges. Crack growth analysis was based on an effective strain-based intensity factor, a crack growth rate curve obtained during closure-free loading cycles and a local notch strain calculation based on Neuber's rule. The crack opening stress (Sop) was modelled and the model was implemented in a fatigue notch model, and the fatigue lives of the specimens under the two different spectra scaled to several maximum stress levels were estimated. The average measured crack opening stresses were between 6 and 12% of the average calculated crack opening stresses. In the interest of simplifying the use of Sop in design, the average Sop was correlated with the frequency of occurrence of the cycle reducing the Sop to the average crack opening stress level. The use of an Sop level corresponding to the cycle causing a reduction in Sop to a level reached once per 10 cycles gave a conservative estimate of average crack opening stress for all the histories. [source] "There has always been a relationship between design and technology": Ron Arad on Interactivity and Low-Res DesignARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Issue 1 2005Lucy Bullivant Abstract Best Known for his tactile and colourful furniture designs, Ron Arad also experiments with multimedia technologies in his interactive installation and built work. Lucy Bullivant talks to Arad and discovers how he transfers the pleasures of one medium over to another: his impulse to ,bounce' physical objects such as his tempered steel ,rolling shells', translating into low-res interactive responses on demand , a technological tactility. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||