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Technology Diffusion (technology + diffusion)
Selected AbstractsINCORPORATING TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION, FACTOR MOBILITY AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE INTO CROSS-REGION GROWTH REGRESSION: AN APPLICATION TO CHINA,JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2010Laixiang Sun ABSTRACT This paper advocates a spatial dynamic model that introduces technology diffusion, factor mobility, and structural change into the cross-region growth regression. The spatial setting is derived from theory rather than spatial statistical tests. An application of this model to the study of cross-province growth in China over the period 1980,2005 indicates that incomes are spatially correlated, which highlights the significance of technology diffusion and factor mobility. Furthermore, the integration of neoclassical growth empirics and the structural change perspective of development economics provide a much improved account of interprovincial variations in income levels and economic growth. [source] Patent thickets, courts, and the market for innovationTHE RAND JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, Issue 3 2010Alberto Galasso We study how fragmentation of patent rights and the formation of the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) affected the duration of patent disputes, and thus the speed of technology diffusion through licensing. We develop a model of patent litigation which predicts faster settlement when patent rights are fragmented and when there is less uncertainty about court outcomes, as was associated with the "pro-patent shift" of the CAFC. We confirm these predictions empirically using a data set that covers patent suits in U.S. district courts during the period 1975,2000. Finally, we analyze how fragmentation affects total settlement delay, considering both the reduction in dispute duration and the increase in the number of patent negotiations. [source] High-tech rural clinics and hospitals in Japan: a comparison to the Japanese averageAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 5 2004Masatoshi Matsumoto Abstract Context:,Japanese medical facilities are noted for being heavily equipped with high-tech equipment compared to other industrialised countries. Rural facilities are anecdotally said to be better equipped than facilities in other areas due to egalitarian health resource diffusion policies by public sectors whose goal is to secure fair access to modern medical technologies among the entire population. Objectives:,To show the technology status of rural practice and compare it to the national level. Design:,Nationwide postal survey. Setting, Subjects & Interventions:,Questionnaires were sent to the directors of 1362 public hospitals and clinics (of the 1723 municipalities defined as ,rural' by four national laws). Information was collected about the technologies they possessed. The data were compared with figures from a national census of all hospitals and clinics. Results:,A total of 766 facilities responded (an effective response rate of 56%). Rural facilities showed higher possession rates in most comparable technologies than the national level. It is noted that almost all rural hospitals had gastroscopes and colonoscopes and their possession rates of bronchoscopes and dialysis equipment were twice as high as the national level. The discrepancy in possession rates between rural and national was even more remarkable in clinics than in hospitals. Rural clinics owned twice as many abdominal ultrasonographs, and three times as many gastroscopes, colonoscopes, defibrillators and computed tomography scanners as the national level. Conclusions:,Rural facilities are equipped with more technology than urban ones. Government-led, tax based, technology diffusion in the entire country seems to have attained its goal. What is already known on this subject:,As a general tendency in both developing and developed countries, rural medical facilities are technologically less equipped than their urban counterparts. What does this paper add?:,In Japan, rural medical facilities are technologically better equipped than urban facilities. [source] Analysing the factors influencing clean technology adoption: a study of the Spanish pulp and paper industryBUSINESS STRATEGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, Issue 1 2005Pablo del Río González Technological change has a relevant role to play in the transition towards a sustainable industry. However, slow diffusion of clean technologies can be observed in OECD countries. The analysis of the determinants and barriers to clean technology adoption should be a main goal of economists and social scientists. This paper shows that three sets of interrelated factors prevent but also stimulate the widespread adoption and diffusion of clean technology: these are factors external and internal to the firm, conditions of the potential adopters and characteristics of the environmental technology. These factors are included in the so-called ,triangular model', which is further applied to the analysis of clean technology adoption in the pulp and paper industry in Spain. The empirical study shows that clean technology adoption decisions are the result of an interaction between these factors, often involving contradictory signals for the potential adopter. The paper closes with some public policy recommendations for the effective and efficient promotion of clean technology diffusion. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] Knowledge Translation at the Macro Level: Legal and Ethical ConsiderationsACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 11 2007Gregory Luke Larkin MD, MSPH Macro-level legal and ethical issues play a significant role in the successful translation of knowledge into practice. The medicolegal milieu, in particular, can promote clinical inertia and stifle innovation. Embracing new clinical practice guidelines and best practice models has not protected physicians from superfluous torts; in some cases, emerging evidence has been used as the dagger of trial lawyers rather than the scalpel of physicians. Beyond the legal challenges are overarching justice issues that frame the broad goals of knowledge translation (KT) and technology diffusion. Optimal implementation of the latest evidence requires attention to be paid to the context of the candidate community and the key opinion leaders therein, characterized by the "8Ps" (public, patients, press, physicians, policy makers, private sector, payers, and public health). Ethical and equitable KT also accounts for the global burdens and benefits of implementing innovation such that disparities and gaps in health experienced by the least advantaged are prioritized. Researchers and thought leaders must attend to questions of fairness, economics, and legal risk when investigating ways to promote equity-oriented KT. [source] | |||||||||||||