			Home About us Contact

Ternary Nanocomposites (ternary + nanocomposite)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Polymers and Materials Science	80%

Selected Abstracts

Ethylene propylene diene terpolymer/ethylene vinyl acetate/layered silicate ternary nanocomposite by solution method

POLYMER ENGINEERING & SCIENCE, Issue 7 2006
H. Acharya
A new ternary nanocomposite has been developed using ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA-45) copolymer, and organically modified layered silicate (16 Me-MMT) from sodium montmorillonite (Na+ -MMT). Wide angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopic analysis confirmed the intercalation of the polymer chains in between the organosilicate layers and the nanoscale distribution of 16 Me-MMT in polymer matrix, respectively. The measurement of mechanical properties for 2,8 wt% of 16 Me-MMT loadings showed a significant increase in tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus at different elongations. Such an improvement in mechanical properties has been correlated based on the fracture behavior of nanocomposite by SEM analysis. Thermal stability of EPDM/EVA/layered silicate ternary nanocomposites also showed substantial improvements compared with the neat EPDM/EVA blend, confirming thereby the formation of a high performance nanocomposite. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:437,843, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers [source]

Comparison of polyamide 66,organoclay binary and ternary nanocomposites

ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY, Issue 3 2009
Miray Mert
Abstract Polyamide 66,Lotader® 2210 blends (95/5 w/w), polyamide 66,Cloisite® 15A binary nanocomposites (98/2 w/w), and polyamide 66,Lotader® 2210,Cloisite® 15A ternary nanocomposites (93/5/2 w/w) were prepared by twin-screw extrusion, and the changes in mechanical properties, morphology, and flow properties of the materials prepared by different mixing sequences were investigated in this study. Lotader® 2210, which is a random terpolymer of ethylene, butyl acrylate, and maleic anhydride, was used as the impact modifier for polyamide 66 blends as well as polyamide 66 based nanocomposites. The best dispersion level, highest mechanical properties, highest viscosity values, and smallest elastomeric domain sizes were obtained for the mixing sequence in which all the components forming the ternary nanocomposites were compounded simultaneously. Incorporation sequence of either the organoclay or the impact modifier into the polymeric matrix was varied in the other mixing sequences, and this resulted in poorer distribution of the organoclay platelets and elastomeric domains in the matrix owing to insufficient shear intensity applied on the components in a single extrusion step. Toughness values of the ternary nanocomposites were improved compared with the binary nanocomposites upon addition of the impact modifier into polymer,organoclay combination. It was concluded that the compounding sequence of the components plays a significant role in the dispersion of organoclay and the properties of the nanocomposites, because it directly affects the interaction between the different phases. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 28:155,164, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20158 [source]

Influence of processing conditions and physicochemical interactions on morphology and fracture behavior of a clay/thermoplastic/thermosetting ternary blend

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 6 2010
M. Hernandez
Abstract This study provides information on the mechanical behavior of epoxy-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-clay ternary composites, which have been prepared using the phase separation phenomenon of PMMA and the introduction of organophilic-modified montmorillonites (MMTs), the continuous matrix being the epoxy network. Two dispersion processing methods are used: a melt processing without any solvent and an ultrasonic technique with solvent and a high-speed stirrer. TEM analysis shows that phase separation between PMMA and the epoxy network was obtained in the shape of spherical nodules in the presence of the clay in both process methods used. Nanoclay particles were finely dispersed inside thermosetting matrix predominantly delaminated when ultrasonic blending was used; whereas micrometer-sized aggregates were formed when melt blending was used. The mechanical behavior of the ternary nanocomposites was characterized using three-point bending test, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and linear elastic fracture mechanics. The corresponding fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy to identify the relevant fracture mechanisms involved. It was evidenced that the better dispersion does not give the highest toughness because ternary nanocomposites obtained by melt blending present the highest fracture parameters (KIc). Some remaining disordered clay tactoids seem necessary to promote some specific toughening mechanisms. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 [source]

Polyamide 66 binary and ternary nanocomposites: Mechanical and morphological properties

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 1 2010
Miray Mert
Abstract Polyamide 66 (PA 66)/impact modifier blends and polyamide/organoclay binary and PA 66/organoclay/impact modifier ternary nanocomposites were prepared by the melt-compounding method, and the effects of the mixing sequences on the morphology and mechanical and flow properties were investigated. Lotader AX8840 and Lotader AX8900 were used as impact modifiers. The concentrations of the impact modifiers and the organoclay (Cloisite 25A) were maintained at 2 and 5 wt %, respectively. Both the binary and ternary nanocomposites displayed high tensile strength and Young's modulus values compared to the PA 66/impact modifier blends. Decreases occurred in the strength and stiffness of the binary nanocomposites upon incorporation of the elastomeric materials into the polymeric matrix. In general, the mixing sequence in which all three ingredients were added simultaneously and extruded twice (the All-S mixing sequence) exhibited the most enhanced mechanical properties in comparison with the mixing sequences in which two of the components were extruded in the first extrusion step and the third ingredient was added in the second extrusion step. The mechanical test results were in accordance with the organoclay dispersion. The impact strength was highly affected by the elastomeric domain sizes, interdomain distances, interfacial interactions, and organoclay delamination. The smallest elastomeric domain size was obtained for the All-S mixing sequence, whereas the elastomeric domain sizes of the other mixing sequences were quite close to each other. Drastic variations were not observed between the melt viscosities of the ternary nanocomposites prepared with different mixing sequences. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 [source]

Morphology and thermal behavior of organo-bentonite clay/poly(styrene- co -methacrylic acid)/poly(isobutyl methacrylate- co -4-vinylpyridine) nanocomposites

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 1 2009
Abderrahmane Habi
Abstract Poly(styrene- co -methacrylic acid) containing 29 mol % of methacrylic acid (SMA-29) and poly(isobutyl methacrylate- co -4-vinylpyridine) containing 20 mol % of 4-vinylpyridine (IBM4VP-20) were synthesized, characterized, and used to elaborate binary and ternary nanocomposites of different ratios with a 3% by weight hexadecylammonium-modified bentonite from Maghnia (Algeria) by casting method from tetrahydrofuran (THF) solutions. The morphology and the thermal behavior of these binary and ternary elaborated nanocomposites were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry. Polymer nanocomposites and nanoblends of different morphologies were obtained. The effect of the organoclay and its dispersion within the blend matrix on the phase behavior of the miscible SMA29/IBM4VP20 blends is discussed. The obtained results showed that increasing the amount of SMA29 in the IBM4VP20/SMA29 blend leads to near exfoliated nanostructure with significantly improved thermal stability. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009 [source]

Preparation and Properties of PVC Ternary Nanocomposites Containing Elastomeric Nanoscale Particles and Exfoliated Sodium-Montmorillonite

MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS & ENGINEERING, Issue 6 2006
Qingguo Wang
Abstract Summary: A novel rigid PVC ternary nanocomposite containing NBR-ENP and untreated Na-MMT has been fabricated. X-ray diffraction XRD, TEM and SEM observations revealed that the untreated Na-MMT was exfoliated and most NBR-ENPs (about 90 nm) were separately dispersed in the PVC matrix. DMTA and TGA demonstrated that the PVC ternary nanocomposites had a higher glass transition temperature and a higher decomposition temperature than neat PVC, while the toughness increased simultaneously. Combustion tests showed that the exfoliated clay in the PVC/NBR-ENP/MMT ternary nanocomposites did not improve the flame retardancy after ignition under strong heat flux. Schematic diagram of the fabrication procedure of PVC/NBR-ENP/Na-MMT ternary nanocomposites. [source]

Impact modified polyamide-6/organoclay nanocomposites: Processing and characterization

POLYMER COMPOSITES, Issue 2 2008
Isil Isik
The effects of melt state compounding of ethylene-butyl acrylate-maleic anhydride (E-BA-MAH) terpolymer and/or three types of organoclays (Cloisite® 15A, 25A, and 30B) on thermal and mechanical properties and morphology of polyamide-6 are investigated. E-BA-MAH formed spherical domains in the materials to which it is added, and increased the impact strength, whereas the organoclays decreased the impact strength. In general, the organoclays increased the tensile strength (except for Cloisite 15A), Young's modulus and elongation at break, but the addition of E-BA-MAH had the opposite effect. XRD patterns showed that the interlayer spacing for the organoclays Cloisite 25A and Cloisite 30B increased in both polyamide-6/organoclay binary nanocomposites and in polyamide-6/organoclay/impact modifier ternary systems. TEM analysis showed that exfoliated-intercalated nanocomposites were formed. The crystallinities of polyamide-6/organoclay nanocomposites were in general lower than that of polyamide-6 (except for Cloisite 15A). In ternary nanocomposites, crystallinities generally were lower than those of polyamide-6/organoclay nanocomposites. Cloisite 15A containing ternary nanocomposites had higher tensile and impact strengths and Young's modulus than the ternary nanocomposites prepared with Cloisite 25A and Cloisite 30B, owing to its surface hydrophobicity and compatibility with the impact modifier. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers [source]

Reactive extrusion of poly(ethylene terephthalate),(ethylene/methyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate),organoclay nanocomposites

POLYMER COMPOSITES, Issue 2 2007
Elif Alyamac
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of component concentrations and addition order of the components on the final properties of ternary nanocomposites composed of poly(ethylene terephthalate), organoclay, and an ethylene,methyl acrylate,glycidyl methacrylate (E-MA-GMA) terpolymer acting as an impact modifier for PET. In this context, first, the optimum amount of the impact modifier was determined by melt compounding binary PET-terpolymer blends in a corotating twin-screw extruder. The amount of the impact modifier (5 wt%) resulting in the highest Young's modulus and moderate elongation at break was selected owing to its balanced mechanical properties. Thereafter, by using 5 wt% terpolymer content, the effects of organically modified clay concentration and addition order of the components on the properties of ternary nanocomposites were systematically investigated. Mechanical testing revealed that different addition orders of the materials significantly affected the mechanical properties. Among the investigated addition orders, the best sequence of component addition (PI-C) was the one in which poly(ethylene terephthalate) was first compounded with E-MA-GMA. Later, this mixture was compounded with the organoclay in the subsequent run. In X-ray diffraction analysis, extensive layer separation associated with delamination of the original clay structure occurred in PI-C and CI-P (Clay + Impact Modifier followed by PET) sequences with both 1 and 3 wt% clay contents. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that at these conditions exfoliated structures resulted as indicated by the disappearance of any peaks due to the diffraction within the consecutive clay layers. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:251,258, 2007. © Society of Plastic Engineers [source]

Ethylene propylene diene terpolymer/ethylene vinyl acetate/layered silicate ternary nanocomposite by solution method

Supramolecular selectivity of poly(ethylene oxide) in semi-crystalline polymer nanocomposites

POLYMER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 12 2007
Li Zhou
Abstract Semi-crystalline polymer nanocomposites were prepared using successive meltings and recrystallizations techniques by intercalation of small guest molecules such as 4-chlorotoluene (PCT), 4-bromotoluene (PBT) and 1,4-dibromobenzene (PDBB) into poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) crystals. Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction experimental results show that supramolecular selectivity exists for the PEO,PDBB/PBT ternary system, while there is no supramolecular selectivity for PEO,PCT/PBT ternary nanocomposites. The interactions between PEO chains and small guest molecules have an important influence on the polymer conformation, which results in the dramatic difference in intercalation behavior. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry [source]