Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Tarsal Joints (tarsal + joint)
Selected AbstractsVerification of skin-based markers for 3-dimensional kinematic analysis of the equine tarsal jointEQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 8 2004S. KHUMSAP Summary Reasons for performing study: Kinematic studies are usually based on tracking markers attached to the skin. However, complex joints, such as the tarsal joint, function in 3-dimensions (3D), and have therefore necessitated application of the invasive bone pin technique, limiting kinematic studies to the research laboratory. This study investigates the feasibility of using skin-based markers for 3D analysis of tarsal joint motion. Hypothesis: Three-dimensional motions of the tarsal joint can be measured with an acceptable degree of accuracy using skin markers. Methods: Retroreflective markers were attached over the tibial and metatarsal segments. Markers were tracked automatically at trot. Three-dimensional skin correction algorithms were used for correction of skin displacement, and 3D motions derived from the corrected (CSD) and uncorrected (USD) skin displacement were compared with data from a previous study in which those motions were described using bone-fixed markers (BFM) by correlation, root mean square errors (RMS) and shape agreement (SA) of the curves. Results: The RMS of BFM and CSD were smaller than those of BFM and USD for all motions. The correlation coefficients of BFM and CSD were higher than those of BFM and USD. SA was good or fair for all motions except internal/external rotation and medial/lateral translation. Conclusions and potential relevance: With appropriate correction for skin movement relative to skeletal landmarks, skin markers can identify tarsal 3D motions for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, cranial/caudal translation, and proximal/distal translation, allowing analysis and comparison of information between horses during swing and stance phases. [source] Tiludronate infusion in the treatment of bone spavin: A double blind placebo-controlled trialEQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 5 2010M. R. GOUGH Summary Reasons for performing study: Tiludronate regulates bone remodelling through a decrease of the resorptive process and should therefore ameliorate the remodelling processes active in osteoarthritis of the distal tarsal joints (,bone spavin') and alleviate pain associated with abnormal bone lysis. Objective: To confirm the efficacy of tiludronate, administered as a single infusion at a dose of 1 mg/kg bwt, in the treatment of bone spavin in the horse. Methods: A double blind placebo controlled trial on 108 clinical cases of bone spavin was undertaken. The lameness score of the lamest limb was assessed following distal tarsal analgesia of the contralateral limb and followed-up using the same procedure throughout the study. Bone spavin in the lamest limb was confirmed by distal tarsal analgesia and radiography. Horses were treated at Day 0 and reassessed 60 days later after controlled exercise. A second nonblinded treatment was given to unresponsive horses and all horses were re-examined at Day 120. Exercise levels were recorded at each examination. Results: Eighty-seven horses completed the trial as per the protocol. The tiludronate horses were significantly less lame than the placebo horses (P = 0.0318). Horses treated at Day 60 with tiludronate showed further improvement in lameness at Day 120 (P = 0.0096 and P = 0.0034 for horses treated with tiludronate and placebo at Day 0, respectively). The only significant difference in radiographic findings between tiludronate and placebo was for presence of periarticular osteophytes (P = 0.006). Conclusions: Tiludronate treatment is proven to be effective in bone spavin in horses in association with a controlled exercise programme. Clinical relevance: Tiludronate in combination with controlled exercise offers an alternate medical treatment for bone spavin. [source] Evidence supporting an increased presence of reactive oxygen species in the diseased equine jointEQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 5 2000A. N. Dimock Summary Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are capable of degrading many components of the joint in the presence of insufficient antioxidant defences, and as a result have been implicated in the pathogenesis of joint disease in horses. However, to our knowledge, evidence of ROS occurring in diseased joints of horses has not been reported. The objective of this experiment was to compare differences in synovial fluid protein carbonyl content (as a marker of oxidative modification of synovial fluid proteins by ROS) and the antioxidant status of synovial fluid between clinically normal and diseased equine joints. Synovial fluid was collected from the metacarpophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal, carpal and tarsal joints of 4 horses, age 2,5 years, as controls, and from diseased joints (metacarpophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal, carpal, tarsal and/or femoropatellar) of 61 horses, age 2,5 years. Synovial fluid protein carbonyl content was higher (P<0.01) in diseased joints as compared to controls. Antioxidant status of synovial fluid from diseased joints was higher, but not significantly, than that of controls (P = 0.0595). These findings require further study to determine their contribution to the overall disease process. [source] Radiographic and clinical survey of degenerative joint disease in the distal tarsal joints in Icelandic horsesEQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 3 2000S. Björnsdóttir Summary The prevalence of degenerative joint disease (DJD) in the distal tarsal joints and the relation between radiographic and clinical signs compatible with the disease were estimated in a population of Icelandic horses used for riding. The material consisted of 614 horses age 6,12 years (mean age = 7.9 years). Radiographs with 3 projections of each tarsus were made and a clinical examination, including palpation of the medial aspect of the distal tarsus and motion evaluation of the hindlimbs before and after a flexion test of the tarsus, was performed. Radiographic signs of DJD in the distal tarsal joints were found in 30.3% of the horses and the prevalence was strongly correlated with age. Hindlimb lameness before and after flexion test and palpation abnormalities were significantly associated with the radiographic findings. The lameness was usually mild and, in most cases, detectable only after the flexion test. The prevalence of lameness was not significantly correlated with age. Lameness could not be predicted by details of the radiographic findings. [source] Suppressive role of leukocyte cell,derived chemotaxin 2 in mouse anti,type II collagen antibody,induced arthritisARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 2 2008Akinori Okumura Objective We previously reported that the Val58Ile polymorphism of the leukocyte cell,derived chemotaxin 2 gene (LECT2) is associated with the severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To define the role of LECT2 in inflammatory arthritides, we investigated the development of collagen antibody,induced arthritis (CAIA) in LECT2-deficient (LECT2,/,) mice. Methods CAIA was induced in mice by administering anti,type II collagen antibodies followed by lipopolysaccharide. Daily assessment of hind paw swelling was used to monitor the development of arthritis. The histopathologic features and expression of inflammatory cytokines were also analyzed. We confirmed the role of LECT2 by introducing a LECT2 expression vector into LECT2,/, mice, using a hydrodynamic gene transfer method. Results Arthritis in LECT2,/, mice was significantly exacerbated compared with that in wild-type (WT) controls. Histopathologic assessment of the tarsal joints showed that inflammation and erosion of cartilage and bone in LECT2,/, mice were more severe than that in controls. Interleukin-1, (IL-1,), IL-6, and certain chemokines were present at significantly higher levels in the arthritic hind paws of LECT2,/, mice. In contrast, the amount of LECT2 in the serum and locally in the hind paws was higher in arthritic WT mice. Finally, hydrodynamic gene transfer experiments revealed that the severity of arthritis was reduced by the systemic expression of exogenous mouse LECT2 protein in LECT2,/, mice. Conclusion These results strongly suggest that LECT2 directly suppresses the development of CAIA. Manipulation of LECT2 might provide a rationale for novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of inflammatory arthritides such as RA. [source] | ||||||||||