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Targeted Treatment (targeted + treatment)
Selected AbstractsPhotothermal Effects of Supramolecularly Assembled Gold Nanoparticles for the Targeted Treatment of Cancer Cells,ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 22 2010Shutao Wang Dr. Lasergesteuerte Nanobombe: Supramolekulare Goldnanopartikel (Au-SNPs) mit vorgegebener Größe wurden aus 2,nm großen Goldkolloiden durch Selbstorganisation hergestellt. Diese Au-SNPs zeigten deutlich stärkere photothermische Effekte und ermöglichten nach dem Einbau zielspezifischer Liganden die selektive Zerstörung von Krebszellen unter Laserbestrahlung (siehe Bild). [source] Classification of atopic hand eczema and the filaggrin mutationsCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 5 2008Charlotte Giwercman Hand eczema is a common disease with various risk factors of which atopic dermatitis is known to be one of the most important. Recently, two mutations in the gene coding for filaggrin, a protein important for the skin barrier, have repeatedly been shown to be associated with atopic dermatitis. Moreover, one study point towards an association between the filaggrin null alleles and the subgroup of patients having both hand eczema and atopic dermatitis. For the remainder of hand eczema patients, still unknown genetic risk factors exist. We propose that in future, classification of atopic hand eczema should distinguish between patients with and without the filaggrin null alleles and to further differentiate between associations with type I allergy, type IV allergy and exposure to irritants, respectively. Furthermore, we suggest future studies of atopic hand eczema to analyse for the filaggrin mutations. We believe this will increase the possibility of subgrouping this otherwise heterogenic disease and thereby enable a better phenotype,genotype characterization of hand eczema. This could improve the preventive initiatives, secure better information of patients about the prognosis for their disease, and possibly enable targeted treatment. [source] Cells carry the clue for targeted treatment: a new horizon for cytopathologyCYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2007F. C. Schmitt First page of article [source] Fine needle aspiration of renal cortical lesions in adultsDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 10 2010Adebowale J. Adeniran M.D. Abstract The role of fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of renal cortical lesions was controversial in the past because the result of the FNA did not affect clinical management. All renal cortical lesions, except metastasis, were subject to surgical resection. However, with the advances in neoadjuvant targeted therapies, knowledge of the renal cortical tumor histological subtype is critical for tailoring clinical trials and follow-up strategies. At present, there are clinical trials involving the use of novel kinase inhibitors for conventional (clear cell) and papillary renal cell carcinoma. We studied 143 consecutive cases of renal cortical lesions, evaluated after radical or partial nephrectomies over a 2-year period. An air-dried smear and a Thinprep® slide were prepared in all cases. The slides were Diff-Quick and Papanicolaou stained, respectively. The cytology specimens were reviewed and the results were then compared with the histologic diagnosis. Cytology was highly accurate to diagnose conventional RCC, while the accuracy for papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC, and papillary urothelial carcinoma was much lower. Our results indicate that ancillary studies might have an important role in the subclassification of renal cortical neoplasms for targeted treatment. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:710,715. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Trial of fenobam, an mGluR5 antagonist, in adults with Fragile X SyndromeJOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 10 2008R. Hagerman Background: Recent advances in the study of the Fragile X knockout mouse model have demonstrated enhanced activity of the metabolic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) pathway. The use of mGluR5 antagonists has rescued behavioural, cognitive and dendritic structural abnormalities in the knockout mouse. An initial phase II trial in adults with FXS was approved by the FDA. Method: We have completed this initial trial of fenobam (50 mg to 150 mg/dose) in twelve adults with FXS (mean age 23.9 (SD 5.4; range 18.7,30.7 years) seen either at UC Davis MIND Institute or at RUSH, University in Chicago, to assess safety, side-effects, and metabolism after a single dose. Results: Outcome measures included prepulse inhibition (PPI) and a continuous performance task (CPT). All patients tolerated this single dose without significant side-effects. The metabolism of fenobam in patients with FXS is similar to controls and peaks at approximately 180 minutes after oral dose. Fifty percent of the patients had a 20% or more improvement in PPI that is significantly different from test-retest changes in PPI previously reported in individuals with FXS (p = 0.03). This effect was more pronounced in males. The majority of patients scored at ceiling on the CPT so it was not a helpful measure to assess medication benefits. Conclusion: This work documents the safety and aspects of the metabolism of fenobam in patients with FXS and will facilitate further expansion of fenobam trials in patients with FXS. Although fenobam is a targeted treatment for FXS, subgroups of autism may also benefit from fenobam treatment. [source] Neurobiological Alterations Associated With Traumatic StressPERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHIATRIC CARE, Issue 3 2007Sandra J. Weiss PhD PURPOSE.,The purpose of this article is to describe the effects of traumatic stress on brain structure and function, and the relationship of these neurobiological changes to symptoms experienced after trauma. CONCLUSIONS.,Exposure to traumatic stress is associated with changes in the limbic system, the hypothalamic,pituitary,adrenal axis, and key monoamine neurotransmitters. Different neurobiological alterations can be linked to specific symptoms of hyperarousal, dissociation/numbing, and reexperiencing of the trauma. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.,Understanding what is happening in the brain can inform more targeted treatment for various symptoms that the individual may be experiencing. [source] Quality of life of male outpatients with personality disorders or psychotic disorders: a comparisonCRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 5 2008Yvonne HA Bouman Background,Quality of life (QoL) has become increasingly important as an outcome measure in community-based psychiatry. QoL refers to an individual's sense of well-being and satisfaction with his current life conditions. It is measured both through objective social indicators and life domain-specific subjective indicators. People with a personality disorder (PD) or a major mental disorder (MMD) tend to show poor social adjustment, but their relative subjective QoL is not known. Aim,To compare the QoL of male outpatients in treatment for PD or MMD overall and by means of specific social and subjective indicators. Methods,A sample of 135 men under treatment for PD in Dutch forensic outpatient facilities were compared with 79 men with MMD using the extended Dutch version of the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile (LQoLP). Results,Almost all of the objective indicators of QoL were significantly poorer among men with MMD than those with PD, but the groups did not differ on domain-specific subjective ratings of QoL. Indeed, global subjective QoL was lower in the PD than in the MMD patient group. PD outpatients seemed to have a more complex concept of QoL than the MMD outpatients for whom almost half of the variance in subjective QoL rating was related to their everyday activities and their objective sense of safety. Conclusions and implications for practice,Further study of QoL among PD patients would be warranted to test the extent to which subjective dissatisfaction is intrinsic to PD and to explore the possibility of improving it with targeted treatments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Cancer cachexia syndrome in head and neck cancer patients: Part I. Diagnosis, impact on quality of life and survival, and treatmentHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 4 2007Marion Couch MD Abstract Background Cancer cachexia is a debilitating, wasting condition that affects many cancer patients, including those with head and neck cancer. The overall incidence of cancer cachexia is quite high for some types of cancer, and cachexia will be the main cause of death for more than 20% of all cancer patients. This syndrome uniquely challenges patients with head and neck cancer. This article outlines the diagnosis of cancer cachexia, reviews its impact on patient quality of life (QOL) and survival, and updates the reader on potential therapies that may suppress it. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed of the National Library of Medicine, which includes more than 15 million citations back to the 1950s. The Cochrane Library and Google search engine were used as well. Results This syndrome differs significantly from starvation, and thus accurate and timely diagnosis is essential. Nutritional therapy alone is insufficient. Current management strategies include corticosteroids and megesterol acetate, in conjunction with nutritional therapy. Future strategies may include nutraceuticals, omega-3 fatty acids, inflammatory antagonists, and other targeted treatments. Conclusions Because cancer cachexia differs significantly from starvation, nutritional supplementation must be used in conjunction with other anti-cachexia agents to reverse the chronic systemic inflammatory state and the effects of circulating tumor-derived factors seen in cachexia. Careful identification of patients at risk and those suffering from this syndrome will lead to better outcomes and treatments. Ultimately, more research is needed to better treat this devastating condition. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007 [source] | ||||||||||