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Tanner Breast Stage (tanner + breast_stage)
Selected AbstractsA Randomized School-Based Jumping Intervention Confers Site and Maturity-Specific Benefits on Bone Structural Properties in Girls: A Hip Structural Analysis Study,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2002M. A. Petit Abstract We compared 7-month changes in bone structural properties in pre- and early-pubertal girls randomized to exercise intervention (10-minute, 3 times per week, jumping program) or control groups. Girls were classified as prepubertal (PRE; Tanner breast stage 1; n = 43 for intervention [I] and n = 25 for control [C]) or early-pubertal (EARLY; Tanner stages 2 and 3; n = 43 for I and n = 63 for C). Mean ± SD age was 10.0 ± 0.6 and 10.5 ± 0.6 for the PRE and EARLY groups, respectively. Proximal femur scans were analyzed using a hip structural analysis (HSA) program to assess bone mineral density (BMD), subperiosteal width, and cross-sectional area and to estimate cortical thickness, endosteal diameter, and section modulus at the femoral neck (FN), intertrochanter (IT), and femoral shaft (FS) regions. There were no differences between intervention and control groups for baseline height, weight, calcium intake, or physical activity or for change over 7 months (p > 0.05). We used analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to examine group differences in changes of bone structure, adjusting for baseline weight, height change, Tanner breast stage, and physical activity. There were no differences in change for bone structure in the PRE girls. The more mature girls (EARLY) in the intervention group showed significantly greater gains in FN (+2.6%, p = 0.03) and IT (+1.7%, p = 0.02) BMD. Underpinning these changes were increased bone cross-sectional area and reduced endosteal expansion. Changes in subperiosteal dimensions did not differ. Structural changes improved section modulus (bending strength) at the FN (+4.0%, p = 0.04), but not at the IT region. There were no differences at the primarily cortical FS. These data provide insight into geometric changes that underpin exercise-associated gain in bone strength in early-pubertal girls. [source] The addition of rosiglitazone to insulin in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and poor glycaemic control: a randomized-controlled trialPEDIATRIC DIABETES, Issue 4pt1 2008Monique L Stone Objective:, To evaluate the effect of rosiglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, on glycaemic control and insulin resistance in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) Research design and methods:, Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of rosiglitazone (4 mg twice daily) vs. placebo (24 wk each, with a 4 wk washout period). Entry criteria were diabetes duration >1 yr, age 10,18 yr, puberty (,Tanner breast stage 2 or testicular volume >4 mL), insulin dose ,1.1 units/kg/day, and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) >8%. Responses to rosiglitazone were compared with placebo using paired t -tests. Results:, Of 36 adolescents recruited (17 males), 28 completed the trial. At baseline, age was 13.6 ± 1.8 yr, HbA1c 8.9 ± 0.96%, body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS) 0.94 ± 0.74 and insulin dose 1.5 ± 0.3 units/kg/day. Compared with placebo, rosiglitazone resulted in decreased insulin dose (5.8% decrease vs. 9.4% increase, p = 0.02), increased serum adiponectin (84.8% increase vs. 26.0% decrease, p < 0.01), increased cholesterol (+0.5 mmol/L vs. no change, p = 0.02), but no significant change in HbA1c (,0.3 vs. ,0.1, p = 0.57) or BMI-SDS (0.08 vs. 0.04, p = 0.31). Insulin sensitivity was highly variable in the seven subjects who consented to euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamps. There were no major adverse effects attributable to rosiglitazone. Conclusion:, The addition of rosiglitazone to insulin did not improve HbA1c in this group of normal weight adolescents with T1DM. [source] Age of puberty: Data from the United States of America,APMIS, Issue 2 2001Review article In an attempt to determine whether the secular trend toward an earlier onset of puberty has continued over recent decades in the United States of America, published reports concerning the age of attainment of pubertal events have been reviewed. Such reports are very limited and vary in both design and inclusive ages of study subjects. Among females, two recent large cross-sectional studies indicate that fifty percent of females in the United States attain Tanner breast stage 2 at 9.5 to 9.7 years of age. This is younger than previously thought, although adequate earlier studies of girls in the United States are not available for comparison. These two studies also indicate that about 14% of girls attain Tanner stage 2 while 8 years of age; one study extends earlier reporting that about 6% exhibit onset of breast development while 7 years of age. There is no evidence that the age of menarche or the attainment of adult (Tanner 5) breast development has decreased over the past 30 years. The data also suggest an earlier onset of Tanner stage 2 pubic hair but no change in attainment of stage 5. Among males, pubic hair may be appearing at younger ages, but data are inadequate or too inconsistent to allow firm interpretation. The lack of standardization of genital criteria of pubertal onset in the male makes any conclusions regarding secular trends impossible. In summary, earlier secular trends over recent decades related to better health, improved nutrition or socio-economic status, or any putative influence by endocrine disrupters cannot be verified. [source] Poor uterine development in Turner syndrome with oral oestrogen therapyCLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 3 2002Wendy F. Paterson Summary OBJECTIVE To evaluate uterine development in Turner syndrome (TS) patients in relation to treatment with oral ethinyl oestradiol (E2) for pubertal induction. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Pelvic ultrasound data for 96 TS patients scanned since 1989 were analysed. Patients were classified into three groups: (1) untreated (n = 48); (2) complete spontaneous puberty (n = 10); and (3) treated with ethinyl oestradiol (n = 38). Uterine development was described in the three groups and compared with the normal data. MEASUREMENTS Uterine length, fundal-cervical ratio (FCR) and shape were recorded, and presence or absence of ovaries noted. In the treated group, cross-sectional and longitudinal data were combined to compare uterine development with Tanner breast stage. RESULTS In untreated girls up to age 10 years there was a variable distribution of uterine length and FCR about the mean. Thereafter, the uterus failed to grow and mature normally. Girls with complete spontaneous puberty had morphologically normal ovaries and uteri, but of 7 girls who attained menarche, 3 subsequently developed secondary oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhoea. In the treated group, in general, breast development and uterine length progressed with increasing E2 dose. However, only 50% of girls with complete secondary sexual development had a mature heart-shaped uterine configuration. CONCLUSIONS Our current E2 treatment regimen for TS girls gives rise to satisfactory pubertal induction and maintenance, but failed to induce a fully mature uterus in half the cohort. In view of the high risk of miscarriage in TS in both spontaneous and assisted pregnancies, the effect of more physiological methods of E2 replacement on uterine development should be investigated. [source] | ||||||||||