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Taurine Uptake (taurine + uptake)
Selected AbstractsTaurine uptake across the human intestinal brush-border membrane is via two transporters: H+ -coupled PAT1 (SLC36A1) and Na+ - and Cl, -dependent TauT (SLC6A6)THE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Catriona M. H. Anderson Taurine is an essential amino acid in some mammals and is conditionally essential in humans. Taurine is an abundant component of meat and fish-based foods and has been used as an oral supplement in the treatment of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hypertension. The purpose of this investigation was to identity the relative contributions of the solute transporters involved in taurine uptake across the luminal membrane of human enterocytes. Distinct transport characteristics were revealed following expression of the candidate solute transporters in Xenopus laevis oocytes: PAT1 (SLC36A1) is a H+ -coupled, pH-dependent, Na+ - and Cl, -independent, low-affinity, high-capacity transporter for taurine and ,-alanine; TauT (SLC6A6) is a Na+ - and Cl, -dependent, high-affinity, low-capacity transporter of taurine and ,-alanine; ATB0,+ (SLC6A14) is a Na+ - and Cl, -dependent, high-affinity, low-capacity transporter which accepts ,-alanine but not taurine. Taurine uptake across the brush-border membrane of human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers showed characteristics of both PAT1- and TauT-mediated transport. Under physiological conditions, Cl, -dependent TauT-mediated uptake predominates at low taurine concentrations, whereas at higher concentrations typical of diet, Cl, -independent PAT1-mediated uptake is the major absorptive mechanism. Real-time PCR analysis of human duodenal and ileal biopsy samples demonstrates that PAT1, TauT and ATB0,+ mRNA are expressed in each tissue but to varying degrees. In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrate both taurine uptake via PAT1 and functional coexpression of PAT1 and TauT at the apical membrane of the human intestinal epithelium. PAT1 may be responsible for bulk taurine uptake during a meal whereas TauT may be important for taurine supply to the intestinal epithelium and for taurine capture between meals. [source] Cortisol and IGF-1 synergistically up-regulate taurine transport by the rat skeletal muscle cell line, L6BIOFACTORS, Issue 1-4 2004Sung-Hee Park Abstract This study was undertaken to evaluate effects of exercise-induced hormones, cortisol, IGF-1, and ,-endorphin, on the regulation of taurine transport activity in rat skeletal myoblasts, L6 cells. Challenge of L6 cells with cortisol (100 nM) for 24 hrs resulted in a 165% increase in taurine transport activity, 220% increase in Vmax of the taurine transporter, and 55% increase in taurine transporter/ ,-actin mRNA level compared with untreated control cells. Neither IGF-1 (1,100 nM) nor ,-endorphin (1,20 nM), added in the incubation medium separately for 24 hrs, affected taurine uptake by L6 cells. However, when cells were co-treated with IGF-1 (10 nM) plus cortisol (100,nM), taurine transport activity (37% increase, p < 0.05), Vmax of the transporter (54%, p < 0.05), and taurine transporter/ ,-actin mRNA level were further increased compared to the value for cells treated with cortisol alone. These results suggest that taurine transport by skeletal muscle cells appear to be synergistically up-regulated during a prolonged exercise via elevated levels of cortisol and IGF-1 in muscle. [source] | ||||||||||