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Systemic Illness (systemic + illness)
Selected AbstractsRole of T cells in a murine model of Escherichia coli sepsisEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 11 2007Sandrijn Abstract To study the role of T cells in gram-negative sepsis, we developed a mouse model in which i.v. injection of Escherichia coli results in severe systemic illness, with high mortality rates after day,5. A large proportion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are activated within 1,day after infection, as evidenced by up-regulation of CD69 and down-regulation of CD62L. Even more surprisingly, T cell-deficient mice exhibit markedly decreased disease severity compared to WT mice, indicating a pathogenic role of T cells. Mice lacking IFN-, also show diminished disease, and exhibit reduced T cell activation. Therefore, the pathogenic role of T cells may be mediated by IFN-,. Both T cell- and IFN-,-deficient mice have reduced serum IL-6 levels compared to WT mice, suggesting that T cells may stimulate innate immune responses, resulting in enhancement of disease. These data indicate an important role for T cells in a mouse model of E.,coli sepsis, and reveal an unexpected early and pathogenic T cell response to this bacterial infection. [source] Acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon (Ogilvie's syndrome) following instrumental vaginal deliveryINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 10 2006A. KAKARLA Summary Acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon (Ogilvie's syndrome) is an adynamic ileus without mechanical obstruction of the bowel. Predisposing factors include: abdominal and pelvic surgery, or trauma, or severe pre-existing systemic illness. In obstetrics, many cases have been reported after caesarean delivery, but none following a vaginal delivery. Conservative and pharmacological therapies are effective in many patients, but surgical intervention may be required. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is imperative to avoid caecal rupture, faecal peritonitis and the associated high maternal mortality. High index of clinical suspicion and proper assessment of the gastrointestinal system in the post-surgical patient are vital to the management of this uncommon but potentially serious condition met with in obstetrics practice. [source] Gingival and other oral manifestations in measles virus infectionJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 7 2003Joseph Katz Abstract Background: Measles is a highly contagious, viral infectious disease affecting mainly children and young adults. It is characterized by high fever, maculopapular rash, keratoconjunctivitis and pathognomonic oral Koplik's spots. Methods: During an outbreak of measles among soldiers in the Israeli military, patients were referred to one medical center where they were also examined for oral signs and symptoms of their illness. Results: We present a case of measles infection with distinct oral findings. These included Koplik's spots, various forms of ulcerations of the free mucosa, -like gingivitis and pericoronitis. All oral lesions resolved after cessation of systemic illness. Conclusions: The measles virus is associated with a transient inhibition of the host response. Immunosuppression may create the necessary condition for the proliferation of pathobacteria associated with the observed pericoronitis and the other gingival lesions. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Masern sind eine hochgradig ansteckende virale Infektion, die vorwiegend Kinder und junge Erwachsene befällt. Sie ist charakterisiert durch hohes Fieber, makulopapulären Ausschlag, Keratokonjunktivitis und pathognomonische orale Koplik-Flecken. Zielsetzung: Beschreibung der oralen und gingivalen Manifestationen des Masern-Virus bei jungen Erwachsenen. Methoden: Während einer Masernepidemie bei Soldaten der israelischen Streitkräfte wurden die Patienten an ein Medizinisches Zentrum überwiesen, wo sie auf orale Zeichen und Symptome ihrer Erkrankung untersucht wurden. Ergebnisse: Es wird ein Fall von Masern mit speziellen oralen Symptomen gezeigt: Koplik-Flecken, verschiedene Formen von Ulzerationen der Alveolarmukosa, der NUG ähnliche Gingivitis und Pericoronitis. Alle oralen Läsionen heilten nach Ende der systemischen Erkrankung aus. Schlussfolgerungen: Eine Infektion mit dem Masern-Virus geht mit einer vorübergehenden Schwächung der Wirtsabwehr einher. Diese Immunsuppression könnte die notwendigen Bedingungen für das Wachstum von pathogenen Keimen schaffen, die mit den beobachteten Perikoronitiden und gingivalen Läsionen assoziiert waren. Résumé La rougeole est une maladie infectieuse virale très contagieuse qui affecte essentiellement les enfants et les jeunes adultes. Elle est caractérisée par la haute température, une éruption maculo-papulaire, une kérato-conjonctivite et des spots de Koplik buccaux pathognomoniques. Durant une épidémie de rougeole parmi les soldats de l'armée israélienne, des patients ont été référés vers un centre médical où ils ont également été examinés pour les signes buccaux et les symptômes de leur maladie. Un cas d'infection de rougeole avec des découvertes buccales distinctes est présenté. Elles comprennent : les spots de Koplik, des formes variées d'ulcérations de la muqueuse libre, une gingivite genre gingivite nécrotique et une péricoronarite. Toutes les lésions buccales ont disparu après la fin de la maladie systémique. Le virus de la rougeole est associéà une inhibition transitoire de la réponse immunitaire. L'immunosuppression peut créer la condition nécessaire pour la prolifération de bactéries pathogènes associées avec la péricoronarite observée ainsi que les autres lésions gingivales. [source] Detection of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in koi carp, Cyprinus carpio LJOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 4 2008R B Shivappa Abstract Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) is a rhabdovirus associated with systemic illness and mortality in cyprinids. Several diagnostic tests are available for detection of SVCV. However, most of these tests are time consuming and are not well adapted for field-based diagnostics. In this study, a diagnostic tool for SVCV detection based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) has been developed. Based on the nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein (G) gene of SVCV North Carolina (NC) isolate, four sets (each set containing two outer and two inner) of primers were designed. Temperature and time conditions were optimized to 65 °C and 60 min, respectively, for LAMP and RT-LAMP using one primer set. In vitro specificity was evaluated using four different strains of fish rhabdoviruses and RT-LAMP was found to be specific to SVCV. Serial dilutions of SVCV NC isolate was used to evaluate the in vitro sensitivity of RT-LAMP. Sensitivity of the assays was similar to RT-PCR and detected SVCV even at the lowest dilution of 101 TCID50 mL,1. The ability of RT-LAMP to detect SVCV from infected carp was also tested and the assay detected SVCV from all infected fish. The isothermal temperature requirements, high specificity and sensitivity, and short incubation time of the RT-LAMP assay make it an excellent choice as a field diagnostic test for SVCV. [source] Detection of human bocavirus in respiratory, fecal, and blood samples by real-time PCR,JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 3 2009Sarah J. Tozer Abstract Human bocavirus (HBoV) has been detected worldwide in respiratory samples. Two real-time PCR assays, targeting the non-structural protein (NP-1) and viral protein (VP-1) genes, were designed and validated to detect HBoV in patients with respiratory disease, gastroenteritis, or systemic illness. Sensitivity of the NP-1 and VP-1 assays were equal to the conventional PCR assay previously described by Allander et al. [2005: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 12891,12896] being 100%, and giving specificity of 94% and 93%, respectively. There was no cross-reaction identified with unrelated respiratory agents, or to human DNA. The limits of detection were 10 copies of genomic DNA equivalents per reaction for both assays. The assays were used to screen three different sample populations, combined nose, and throat swabs (n,=,96) from children with acute respiratory disease, fecal samples (n,=,375) from adults, and children with gastroenteritis and whole blood (n,=,229) collected from 31 immunocompromised children taken over an 18-month period. In total 17 (18%) respiratory samples and 18 (4.8%) fecal samples were identified as having HBoV present. Of the pediatric whole blood specimens investigated, HBoV was detected in six (2.6%) samples from four patients. In summary, two real-time PCR assays targeting different genes were designed and validated for use as screening methods for the detection of HBoV. HBoV was found in three different specimen types: parent-collected combined nose,throat swabs, fecal samples collected from symptomatic individuals and whole blood from immunocompromised children. J. Med. Virol. 81:488,493, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Cognitive dysfunction and the neurobiology of ageing in catsJOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE, Issue 10 2007D. Gunn-Moore With improvements in nutrition and veterinary medicine the life expectancy of pet cats is increasing. Accompanying this growing geriatric population there are increasing numbers of cats with signs of apparent senility. A recent study suggests that 28 per cent of pet cats aged 11 to 14 years develop at least one geriatric onset behavioural problem, and this increases to over 50 per cent for cats of 15 years of age or older. While behavioural changes may result from systemic illness, organic brain disease or true behavioural problems, the possibility of age-related cognitive dysfunction is often overlooked. Studies have revealed a number of changes in the brains of geriatric cats that showed signs of cognitive dysfunction, and potential causes include vascular insufficiency leading to hypoxia, increased free radical damage and the deposition of ,-amyloid plaques and/or the modification of other proteins. By recognising the importance of behavioural changes in old cats, investigating them fully for potentially treatable medical conditions, and instigating dietary and environmental modifications to meet their changing needs, we can make the lives of our geriatric cats much more comfortable and rewarding. [source] Cholesterol crystal embolization: an atherosclerotic disease with frequent and varied cutaneous manifestationsJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 5 2003KG Donohue ABSTRACT In this paper the basic pathogenesis of cholesterol crystal embolization (CCE) is described, its clinical characteristics are presented and diagnosis and therapy are discussed. The main focus will be on the cutaneous manifestations; however, considering that CCE is a systemic illness, findings in other organs will also be highlighted, particularly the commonly involved renal and gastrointestinal systems. [source] Antimicrobial Use in the Treatment of Calf DiarrheaJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2004Peter D. Constable Calves with diarrhea often have small intestinal overgrowth with Escherichia coli bacteria, regardless of the inciting cause for the diarrhea, and 30% of systemically ill calves with diarrhea have bacteremia, predominantly because of E coli. Antimicrobial treatment of diarrheic calves should therefore be focused against E coli in the small intestine and blood, the 2 sites of infection. Fecal bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing is not recommended in calves with diarrhea because fecal bacterial populations do not accurately reflect small intestinal or blood bacterial populations and because the break points for susceptibility test results have not been validated. Antimicrobial efficacy is therefore best evaluated by the clinical response of a number of calves to treatment, with calves randomly assigned to treatment groups. Amoxicillin, chlortetracycline, neomycin, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfamethazine, and tetracycline administered PO are currently labeled in the United States for the treatment of calf diarrhea. On the basis of published evidence for the oral administration of these antimicrobial agents, only amoxicillin can be recommended for the treatment of diarrhea. Dosage recommendations are amoxicillin trihydrate (10 mg/kg PO q12h) or amoxicillin trihydrate-clavulanate potassium (12.5 mg combined drug/kg PO q12h) for at least 3 days; the latter constitutes extra-label drug use. Parenteral administration of broad-spectrum ,-lactam antimicrobials,eftiofur (2.2mg/kg IM orSCq12h) and amoxicillin or ampicillin (10 mg/kg IM q12h),rpotentiatedsulfonamides(25 mg/kg IV or IM q24h) is recommended for treating calves with diarrhea and systemic illness; both constitute extra-label drug use. In calves with diarrhea and no systemic illness (normal appetite for milk, no fever), it is recommended that the health of the calf be monitored and that oral or parenteral antimicrobials not be administered. [source] Review article: oral ulcers and its relevance to systemic disordersALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 4 2005S. R. Porter Summary Oral ulceration is a common problem, and is sometimes a marker of gastroenterological disease. Patients with signs or symptoms of oral ulcers are sometimes referred to gastroenterology clinics, however, in most instances the ulcers does not reflect gastrointestinal disease. Indeed, a spectrum of disorders other than those of the gut can give rise to oral mucosal ulcers ranging from minor local trauma to significant local disease such as malignancy or systemic illness. This present article reviews aspects of the aetiology, diagnosis and management of common ulcerative disorders of the oral mucosa. [source] Molecular targets of botulinum toxin at the mammalian neuromuscular junctionMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue S8 2004Dorothy D. Whelchel MS Abstract The molecular targets of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are SNARE (soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor- attachment protein- receptor) proteins necessary for neurotransmitter release. BoNT are powerful therapeutic agents in the treatment of numerous neurological disorders. The goals of this study were to (1) assess toxin diffusion by measuring substrate cleavage in adjacent and distant muscles, and (2) characterize the clinical course using SNARE protein chemistry. A small volume of BoNT/A was injected unilaterally into the mouse gastrocnemius muscle. Motor impairment was limited to the toxin-treated limb. No systemic illness or deaths occurred. At five time points, a subset of mice were killed, and muscles from both hindlimbs, and the diaphragm, were collected. Protein samples were examined for changes in SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein of Mr = 25 kDa) using immunochemistry. SNAP-25 cleavage product was noted in the toxin-treated limb as early as 1 day postinjection and continued through day 28. Onset and peak levels of substrate cleavage corresponded to the onset and peak clinical response. Cleavage was observed in adjacent and distant muscles, demonstrating that substrate cleavage is a sensitive indicator of toxin diffusion. Significant increases in full-length SNAP-25 and vesicle-associated membrane protein II were evident early in the impaired limb and continued through day 28. The increased SNARE protein most likely originates from nerve terminal sprouts. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society [source] Constitutive activation of MAPK cascade in acute quadriplegic myopathyANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 2 2004Simone Di Giovanni MD Acute quadriplegic myopathy (AQM; also called "critical illness myopathy") shows acute muscle wasting and weakness and is experienced by some patients with severe systemic illness, often associated with administration of corticosteroids and/or neuroblocking agents. Key aspects of AQM include muscle atrophy and myofilament loss. Although these features are shared with neurogenic atrophy, myogenic atrophy in AQM appears mechanistically distinct from neurogenic atrophy. Using muscle biopsies from AQM, neurogenic atrophy, and normal controls, we show that both myogenic and neurogenic atrophy share induction of myofiber-specific ubiquitin/proteosome pathways (eg, atrogin-1). However, AQM patient muscle showed a specific strong induction of transforming growth factor (TGF),,/MAPK pathways. Atrophic AQM myofibers showed coexpression of TGF-, receptors, p38 MAPK, c-jun, and c-myc, including phosphorylated active forms, and these same fibers showed apoptotic features. Our data suggest a model of AQM pathogenesis in which stress stimuli (sepsis, corticosteroids, pH imbalance, osmotic imbalance) converge on the TGF-, pathway in myofibers. The acute stimulation of the TGF-,/MAPK pathway, coupled with the inactivity-induced atrogin-1/proteosome pathway, leads to the acute muscle loss seen in AQM patients. Ann Neurol 2004 [source] Oral health trends in the USINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE, Issue 2 2003V Danner Abstract In the US, dental hygienists are an integral part of the health care workforce. Dental hygienists are prevention specialists who understand that recognising the association between oral and total health can prevent disease. In the US, they also consider it as a part of their job to detect the presence of systemic illnesses. Although they cannot make a medical diagnosis, they can explain their findings to the patients and urge them to see a physician. This report explains the educational requirements for a dental hygienist, barriers and access-to-care issues, some oral health preventive methods, among other things. [source] Intramedullary fat necrosis, polyarthritis and panniculitis with pancreatic tumor: a case reportINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES, Issue 4 2010Vivek VASDEV Abstract Acute polyarthritis can occur in non-rheumatic systemic illnesses, presenting a diagnostic dilemma. We present an extremely rare case presenting as acute polyarthritis, panniculitis and medullary fat necrosis with underlying pancreatic pathology. This case report describes a young woman presenting with panniculits, pancreatic tumour, polyarthritis and intra-osseus fat necrosis with a fatal outcome. The medical fraternity needs to be aware of this potentially fatal albeit rare musculoskeletal complication secondary to a pancreatic pathology. [source] Nail Matrix Arrest Following Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease: A Report of Five ChildrenPEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2000Gina C. Clementz B.S. Nail matrix arrest has been associated with a variety of drug exposures and systemic illnesses, including infections, and may result in a variety of changes, including transverse ridging (Beau's lines) and nail shedding (onychomadesis). The association of HFMD with Beau's lines and onychomadesis has not been reported previously. Five children, ages 22 months,4 years, presented with Beau's lines and/or onychomadesis following physician-diagnosed HFMD by 3,8 weeks. Three of the five patients experienced fever with HFMD, and none had a history of nail trauma, periungual dermatitis, periungual vesicular lesions, or a significant medication intake history. All patients experienced HFMD within 4 weeks of one another, and all resided in the suburbs of the Chicago metropolitan area. In all patients the nail changes were temporary with spontaneous normal regrowth. The mechanism of the nail matrix arrest is unclear, but the timing and geographic clustering of the patients suggests an epidemic caused by the same viral strain. [source] Acquired ichthyosis associated with an overlap syndrome of systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosusTHE JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2006Hae-Woong LEE ABSTRACT Acquired ichthyosis is a condition accompanying many systemic illnesses such as lymphoma, sarcoidosis, dermatomyositis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Overlap syndromes are defined as clinical entities which satisfy each of the diagnostic criteria of two different connective tissue diseases concurrently or consecutively. The coexistence of SLE with systemic sclerosis has been very rarely reported. We describe a 33-year-old woman with an overlap syndrome consisting of systemic sclerosis and SLE who developed ichthyosis on her extremities. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||