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Symbolic Function (symbolic + function)
Selected AbstractsReinstatement of Controls at the Internal Borders of Europe: Why and Against Whom?EUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 2 2004Kees Groenendijk The actual use of this power may tell us about the functions of border controls. This article analyses on which occasions the governments of the Schengen states did actually use this power after 1995, and what is known about the effects of those temporary controls. It appears that the actual use varied considerably in time and between the Member States. In most cases the temporary controls aimed not at reducing illegal immigration or preventing serious crimes, but at the protection of meetings of political leaders. The individuals checked or stopped at the borders are predominantly union citizens, not third-country nationals. It is contended that the controls at land borders are not considered as an effective instrument of crime or immigration control. They may have a highly symbolic function: showing the public that the state is protecting its citizens against undesired events. [source] A Fatal German Marriage: The National Subtext of Fassbinder's Die Ehe Der Maria BraunGERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS, Issue 1 2001Matthias Uecker The article explores the connections between the development of Maria Braun's marriage and the political and economic conditions which made the economic miracle of the 1950s possible. Whereas Fassbinder scholarship has tended to seek parallels only between the character of Maria Braun and general developments in German society, it is argued here that both her marriage and her love affairs need to be included in such an interpretation. The analysis of non-realistic, theatrical or extra-diegetical elements in the film's style discovers a subtext which revolves around symbols of national identity and sovereignty and which is directly linked to the development of Maria Braun's marriage. Within this framework, the symbolic function of Maria Braun's lovers and of her husband are re-examined. [source] Sovereignty and Territorial Borders in a Global Age,INTERNATIONAL STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 1 2005Christopher Rudolph In an age marked by economic globalization, regional integration, and increasing transborder flows, some have questioned the continued viability of state sovereignty and territorial borders. This essay examines the conditions of sovereignty and borders in a world of trading states, exploring how conceptions of sovereignty are reflected in the grand strategy of advanced industrial democracies. By disaggregating sovereignty into its constitutive parts, the essay not only provides insights into how these facets affect modern statecraft but also reveals an underconceptualized dimension: societal sovereignty. Whereas sovereignty is willingly ceded by states to gain economically from increased trade and capital mobility, public concern over the social, political, and economic effects of high levels of international migration indicate a growing sensitivity to the maintenance of sovereignty over access to social and political community. In this process, borders serve an increasingly important symbolic function in maintaining stable conceptions of national identity that constitute the cornerstone of the nation-state. [source] Countertransference as active imagination: imaginative experiences of the analystTHE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Joy Schaverien Abstract:, Active imagination is at the heart of Jung's elucidation of depth psychology. Yet, in the discourse of present day analytical psychology theory it is not always given the serious attention accorded to some other Jungian concepts. Active imagination emerges spontaneously within the ,third' area,the imaginal or dynamic field,in-between patient and analyst. It is commonly regarded as the patient's experience but I am proposing that, looked upon as the analyst's experience as well, active imagination offers a distinctly Jungian way of understanding some forms of countertransference. I am describing what I think many present-day analytical psychologists already do in their clinical practice but, as far as I know, it has not been theorized in quite this way before. The intention is to exploit the unique contribution of our Jungian heritage by reframing certain profoundly symbolic countertransference-generated imagery as active imagination. In this article these are differentiated from other less complex forms of imaginative countertransference through examples from clinical practice. The point is that such countertransference experiences may activate the symbolic function in the analyst and thus contribute to the mediation of emergent consciousness in the analysand. Translations of Abstract L'imagination active est au coeur de l'exploration de la psychologie des profondeurs menée par Jung. Et pourtant, le discours théorique de la psychologie analytique actuelle ne lui concède pas toujours la même attention sérieuse accordée à d'autres concepts jungiens. L'imagination active émerge spontanément dans l'aire du « tiers », le champ imaginal ou dynamique entre patient et analyste. Elle est communément envisagée comme l'expérience du patient, mais je propose qu'elle soit également considérée comme l'expérience de l'analyste. En tant que telle, elle constitue alors une modalité spécifiquement jungienne pour appréhender certaines formes de contretransfert. Je décris ce que sans doute de nombreux analystes mettent déjà en oeuvre dans leur pratique clinique, mais pour autant que je sache, cela n'a pas encore été théorisé de la sorte à ce jour. Mon objectif est de redéfinir une certaine imagerie, profondément symbolique, générée par le contretransfert, comme relevant de l'imagination active et de la distinguer de formes moins complexes de contretransfert imaginatif. Un tel matériel contretransférentiel est susceptible d'activer chez l'analyste la fonction symbolique et de contribuer ainsi à médiatiser l'émergence de la conscience chez l'analysant. C'est une façon de tirer parti de l'apport unique de notre héritage jungien. Aktive Imagination ist ein Kernstück von Jungs Verständnis der Tiefenpsychologie. Jedoch wird im Diskurs der gegenwärtigen analytischen Psychologie dieser Theorie nicht immer die ernstliche Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt, die anderen Jung'schen Konzepten zuteil wird. Aktive Imagination entsteht spontan innerhalb eines ,dritten' Bereiches,dem imaginalen oder dynamischen Feld - zwischen Patient / Patientin und Analytiker / Analytikerin. Sie wird üblicherweise als Patientenerfahrung verstanden, aber ich schlage vor, sie zugleich als Analytikererfahrung anzusehen, weil die aktive Imagination dann einen spezifisch Jung'schen Weg bietet, um einige Formen der Gegenübertragung zu verstehen. Ich beschreibe etwas, von dem ich denke, dass es heutzutage von vielen Jung'schen Analytikern und Analytikerinnen in der klinischen Praxis bereits angewendet wird. Dennoch ist dies, soweit ich weiß, bisher nicht in dieser Form theoretisch dargestellt worden. Die Absicht besteht darin, gewisse, zutiefst symbolische und durch die Gegenübertragung hervorgerufene Bilder als aktive Imagination zu verstehen und zusammenzufassen, und sie so von anderen weniger komplexen Formen der imaginativen Gegenübertragung zu unterscheiden. Diese Gegenübertragungsinhalte können die symbolische Funktion im Analytiker / in der Analytikerin aktivieren und so zur Vermittlung der auftauchenden Bewusstheit im Analysanden / in der Analysandin beitragen. Hierdurch wird ein einzigartiger Beitrag unseres Jung'schen Erbes ausgeschöpft. L'immaginazione attiva è al centro della spiegazione di Jung sella psicologia del profondo. Eppure, nel discorso della teoria analitica di oggi non viene ad essa data la seria attenzione accordata ad altri concetti junghiani. L'immaginazione attiva emerge spontaneamente all'interno della ,terza' area,il campo immaginale o dinamico- tra il paziente e l'analista. Di solito viene considerata come un'esperienza del paziente, ma io propongo che, se considerata anche come un'esperienza dell'analista, l'immaginazione attiva offre un modo particolarmente junghiano per comprendere alcune forme di controtransfert. Sto descrivendo qualcosa che credo gli analisti già fanno ogni giorno nella loro pratica clinica. Tuttavia, per quanto io ne sappia, non è stata teorizzata teorizzata prima in questo modo. L'intenzione è di ridefinire certe immagini che generano un controtransfet profondamente simbolico e di differenziare queste forme da altre forme meno complesse di controtransfert immaginativo. Tale materiale controtransferale può attivare la funzione simbolica nell'analista e contribuire così a mediare la consapevolezza emergente nell'analizzando. Con questo si utilizza un contributo unico della nostra eredità junghiana. La imaginación activa se encuentra en el corazón de la elucidación de Jung de la psicología profunda. Sin embargo, en el discurso de la teoría de la psicología analítica de nuestros días no siempre se le da una atención seria en relación a otros conceptos junguianos. La imaginación activa emerge espontáneamente dentro de la tercera área,el imaginal o campo dinámico,entre paciente y analista, con frecuencia se atribuye a la experiencia del paciente pero estoy proponiendo que se la estudie en relación al analista también, la imaginación activa ofrece un camino junguiano diferente para entender ciertas formas de contratransferencia. Estoy describiendo lo que pienso que muchos analistas hacen en la actualidad en su práctica clínica, De cualquier forma, hasta donde puedo conocer, esto no ha sido teorizado antes de esta forma. La intención es la de enmarcar ciertas imaginerías profundamente simbólicas generadas en la contratransferencia como imaginación activa y diferenciarlas de otras formas mas complejas de imaginería contratransferencial. Este material contratransferencial puede activar la función simbólica en el análisis y contribuir a la mediación emergente de la conciencia el analizando. Ello expresa la singular contribución de nuestra herencia Junguiana. [source] Interpreting the U.S. Human Trafficking Debate Through the Lens of Symbolic PoliticsLAW & POLICY, Issue 3 2007BARBARA ANN STOLZ By enacting the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, U.S. policymakers acknowledged trafficking in persons as criminal behavior, punishable under federal law. The legislation was developed through the congressional policy-making process, usually studied from the perspective of who gets what, when, and how. To expand our understanding of criminal justice policymaking, this article analyzes the act from an alternative perspective,symbolic politics. It examines how the act performs symbolic functions identified in the criminal justice literature,reassuring the law abiding/threatening the lawbreaker, communicating a moral message, providing a model for the states, and educating about a problem. [source] Harmony in Linguistic CognitionCOGNITIVE SCIENCE - A MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL, Issue 5 2006Paul Smolensky Abstract In this article, I survey the integrated connectionist/symbolic (ICS) cognitive architecture in which higher cognition must be formally characterized on two levels of description. At the microlevel, parallel distributed processing (PDP) characterizes mental processing; this PDP system has special organization in virtue of which it can be characterized at the macrolevel as a kind of symbolic computational system. The symbolic system inherits certain properties from its PDP substrate; the symbolic functions computed constitute optimization of a well-formedness measure called Harmony. The most important outgrowth of the ICS research program is optimality theory (Prince & Smolensky, 1993/2004), an optimization-based grammatical theory that provides a formal theory of cross-linguistic typology. Linguistically, Harmony maximization corresponds to minimization of markedness or structural ill-formedness. Cognitive explanation in ICS requires the collaboration of symbolic and connectionist principles. ICS is developed in detail in Smolensky and Legendre (2006a); this article is a précis of and guide to those volumes. [source] | ||||||||||||||||