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Successful Incorporation (successful + incorporation)
Selected AbstractsRedirecting lentiviral vectors by insertion of integrin-tageting peptides into envelope proteinsTHE JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, Issue 7 2009Kouki Morizono Abstract Background Targeting gene therapy vectors that can home in on desired cell and tissue types in vivo comprise the ultimate gene delivery system. We have previously developed targeting lentiviral vectors by pseudotyping vectors with modified Sindbis virus envelope proteins. The envelope protein contains the Fc-binding region of protein A (ZZ domain), so the virus can be conjugated with antibodies. The conjugated antibody mediates specific transduction of the cells and tissues expressing the target antigens, both in vitro and in vivo. However, more stable conjugation of targeting molecules would be optimal for use in immunocompetent animals, as well as in humans. Methods We inserted integrin-targeting peptides into two sites of the targeting envelope proteins and determined whether the peptides serve as receptor-binding regions of the envelope proteins and redirect the pseudotyped viruses. Results The integrin-targeting peptides can mediate binding to cells via the interaction with integrins on target cells and transduction. Peptides with a higher binding affinity increase titers of pseudotyped virus. We found two regions on the envelope protein that can accommodate insertion and serve as receptor-binding regions. Combining the peptides in two distinct regions increased the titers of the virus. Conclusions Successful incorporation of targeting molecules into the envelope protein will broaden the application of targeting vectors for a wide variety of experimental and clinical settings. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Novel 3,-O-Fluorescently Modified Nucleotides for Reversible Termination of DNA SynthesisCHEMBIOCHEM, Issue 1 2010Taek-Soo Kim Dr. Serving a double purpose: 3,- O -fluorophore-labeled dTTPs were synthesized and used as reversible terminators of DNA polymerization. Successful incorporation of nucleotides with a bulky 3,- O -fluorophore and detection of fluorescence for base calling can potentially be used to improve sequencing-by-synthesis technology. [source] Synthesis of ZSM-5 Films and Monoliths with Bimodal Micro/Mesoscopic StructuresADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 1 2004I. Cho Abstract A route to synthesize ZSM-5 crystals with a bimodal micro/mesoscopic pore system has been developed in this study; the successful incorporation of the mesopores within the ZSM-5 structure was performed using tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH)-impregnated mesoporous materials containing carbon nanotubes in the pores, which were encapsulated in the ZSM-5 crystals during a solid rearrangement process within the framework. Such mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites can be readily obtained as powders, thin films, or monoliths. [source] Electrospun PEG,PLA nanofibrous membrane for sustained release of hydrophilic antibioticsJOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 1 2010Xiuling Xu Abstract Reported in this study is the successful incorporation of a hydrophilic antibiotic drug, tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), into electrospun PEG,PLA nanofibrous membrane without loss of its bioactivity. Degradation behavior of the copolymer was studied in vitro. Release behavior of TCH from the electrospun membrane and antimicrobial effects of the TCH-loaded membrane against Staphylococcus aureus culture were investigated. The medicated nanofibrous membrane demonstrated sustained release of TCH over 6 days and was found to be effective in inhibiting growth of S. aureus. In addition, increasing the antibiotic drug content in the electrospun membranes was found to enhance the anti-bacterial effectiveness of the medicated fiber mats. And the combination of mechanical barriers provided by the electrospun biodegradable nanofibrous membranes and their capability of local sustained delivery of antibiotics made these membranes more useful in biomedical applications, particularly as new wound dressings for ulcers caused by diabetes or other diseases, and to provide a better means of treatment for these malignant wounds and ulcers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 [source] PRESERVATION OF COMMERCIAL FISH BALL QUALITY WITH EDIBLE ANTIOXIDANT-INCORPORATED ZEIN COATINGSJOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION, Issue 5 2009LIAN-SYUN LIN ABSTRACT Fish ball, a surimi product rich in lipid and protein, is a popular food in Taiwan. Because lipid oxidation is one of the major deterioration reactions for fish ball, the feasibility of preservation of fish ball quality by the application of antioxidant-incorporated zein coating was investigated. Three antioxidants including butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and n-propyl gallate (PG) were used to formulate the antioxidant zein coatings. Infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the successful incorporation of antioxidant with zein protein; peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and weight loss were used as the quality indicators of fish ball stored at 4C. While all three types of antioxidant-incorporated zein coatings significantly retarded the quality deterioration, PG-incorporated zein coating exerted better quality preservation effectiveness than BHA- and BHT-incorporated zein coatings. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Edible coatings have been under research for several decades. However, most of the studies are conducted for the investigations of physiochemical or mechanical properties and usually using simulated food systems. The lack of applications on the commercial food products manufactured from food plants makes the edible coatings somewhat unrealistic. Not prepared in a laboratory for academic purpose only, the fish ball used in the present study was a real commercial product. The promising results of antioxidant-incorporated zein coatings on commercial products presented in this report will enhance the confidence of food manufacturers on the edible coatings. [source] Mixed iridium(III) and ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes containing poly(,-caprolactone)-bipyridine macroligandsJOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 17 2004Veronica Marin Abstract A hydroxy-functionalized bipyridine ligand was polymerized with ,-caprolactone utilizing the controlled ring-opening polymerization of ,-caprolactone in the presence of stannous octoate. The resulting poly(,-caprolactone)-containing bipyridine was characterized by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography, as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, revealing the successful incorporation of the bipyridine ligand into the polymer chain. Coordination to iridium(III) and ruthenium(II) precursor complexes yielded two macroligand complexes, which were characterized by NMR, gel permeation chromatography, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS, cyclic voltammetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, both photophysical and electrochemical properties of the metal-containing polymers proved the formation of a trisruthenium(II) and a trisiridium(III) polypyridyl species, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4153,4160, 2004 [source] Rethinking lifelong learning through online distance learning in Chinese educational policies, practices and researchBRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, Issue 4 2008Min Yang This paper offers a critique of the Chinese philosophy of online distance learning as a means of building a lifelong learning society. Literature about lifelong learning and its implications for online distance learning is reviewed. Documents, reports and research papers are examined to explore the characteristics of the Chinese philosophy of online distance learning as reflected in the prevailing understanding and debates in the field. Phenomenological analysis, deconstructive discourse analysis and internal criticism are employed, guided by a phenomenological qualitative methodology. The critique reveals that the notion of lifelong learning is to some extent obscured in meaning in the prevailing understanding of and debates about Chinese online distance learning. Furthermore, it shows that the Chinese philosophy of online distance learning paradoxically combines a sense of overenthusiasm with a sense of underestimation associated with the potential of online distance learning in promoting lifelong learning. Also identified is the emerging development of Chinese online distance learning towards its ,in-depth development', based on an increasing awareness of the necessity to enhance the quality of online distance learning through integration of educational theories with information and communication technologies (ICT). The paper calls for a new vision on ICT for learning as a necessary condition for successful incorporation of Chinese online distance learning with and into lifelong learning. [source] Metal Ion Coordination to Azole NucleosidesCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 21 2005Jens Müller Dr. Abstract To evaluate the possibility of introducing azole nucleosides as building blocks for metal-mediated base pairs in artificial oligonucleotides, imidazole nucleoside, 1,2,4-triazole nucleoside and tetrazole nucleoside have been synthesized and characterized. The X-ray crystal structures of p -toluoyl-protected 1,2,4-triazole and tetrazole nucleosides are reported. Contrary to the situation primarily found for deoxyribonucleosides, the sugar moieties adopt C3,- endo conformations. The acidity of the , nucleosides increases with increasing number of nitrogen ring atoms, giving pKa values of 6.01±0.05, 1.32±0.05 and <,3, respectively. This decrease in basicity results in a decreasing ability to form 2:1 complexes with linearly coordinating metal ions such as Ag+ and Hg2+. In all cases, the Ag+ complexes are of higher stability than the corresponding Hg2+ complexes. Whereas imidazole nucleoside forms highly stable 2:1 complexes with both metal ions (estimated log ,2 values of >10), only Ag+ is able to reach this coordination pattern in the case of triazole nucleoside (log ,2 = 4.3±0.1). Tetrazole nucleoside does not form 2:1 complexes at all under the experimental conditions used. These data suggest that imidazole nucleoside, and to a lesser extent 1,2,4-triazole nucleoside, are likely candidates for successful incorporation as ligands in oligonucleotides based on metal-mediated base pairs. DFT calculations further corroborate this idea, providing model complexes for such base pairs with glycosidic bond distances (10.8,11.0 Å) resembling those in idealized B-DNA (10.85 Å). [source] | |||||||||||||