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Substantial Literature (substantial + literature)
Selected AbstractsContinuities and changes in self-change researchADDICTION, Issue 9 2010Harald Klingemann ABSTRACT Aims A substantial literature demonstrates that natural recoveries from substance use disorders not only occur but are a common pathway to recovery. This article reviews selectively and comments on the current state-of-the-art in natural recovery research. Methods Basic concepts in natural recovery research are presented, and topical and methodological trends and changes in self-change research over time are discussed. Conclusions Although considerable progress has occurred in natural recovery research, several topics deserving of further research are identified, and implications for policy practice are discussed. [source] Psychological and psychophysiological considerations regarding the maternal,fetal relationshipINFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2010Janet A. DiPietro Abstract The earliest relationship does not begin with birth. Pregnant women construct mental representations of the fetus, and the feelings of affiliation or ,maternal,fetal attachment' generally increase over the course of gestation. While there is a fairly substantial literature on the development and moderation of psychological features of the maternal,fetal relationship, including the role of ultrasound imaging, relatively little is known about the manner in which maternal psychological functioning influences the fetus. Dispositional levels of maternal stress and anxiety are modestly associated with aspects of fetal heart rate and motor activity. Both induced maternal arousal and relaxation generate fairly immediate alterations to fetal neurobehaviors; the most consistently observed fetal response to changes in maternal psychological state involves suppression of motor activity. These effects may be mediated, in part, by an orienting response of the fetus to changes in the intrauterine environment. Conversely, there is evidence that fetal behaviors elicit maternal physiological responses. Integration of this finding into a more dynamic model of the maternal,fetal dyad, and implications for the postnatal relationship are discussed. Research on the period before birth affords tremendous opportunity for developmental scientists to advance understanding of the origins of the human attachment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Trichophyton Mentagrophytes Perforates Hair of Adult Corpses in the Gaseous Period,JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 5 2010Renato Evando M. Filho M.S Abstract:, Despite the substantial literature on mycology, there are still limited reports of the interaction between fungi and human hosts in the postmortem period. Thus, the main goal of this study was to investigate the in vitro perforation test using Trichophyton mentagrophytes on hair from adult corpses in the postmortem period (gaseous period). The protocol was carried out with positive (prepubescent children's hair) and negative controls (healthy adult hair) as well. One strain of Trichophyton rubrum was also used as a negative perforation control. Perforations were found in all the hair samples from corpses and prepubescent children after 12,14 days exposure to T. mentagrophytes and were absent in the hair samples of healthy adults. Furthermore, hair perforation was not observed with T. rubrum. Our preliminary findings suggest the use of T. mentagrophytes as a potential marker of the death interval in forensic science. [source] The impact of criminal justice involvement on victims' mental healthJOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS, Issue 2 2010Jim Parsons The aftermath of violent crime can leave victims with persistent emotional and mental health problems. Although research has shown the potential benefits of prosecuting cases through the courts, there is also a substantial literature that suggests that common features of the criminal justice system can exacerbate the impact of the initial crime, leading to a secondary victimization. The authors present a review of the research on the positive and negative impact of criminal justice involvement, and common points of failure in the efforts of justice institutions to meet the needs of victims. They conclude with recommendations for future work, including the need for research on restorative justice, victim impact statements, court notification systems, victim services, and victim advocates. [source] Balancing move and work: women's labour market exits and entries after family migrationPOPULATION, SPACE AND PLACE (PREVIOUSLY:-INT JOURNAL OF POPULATION GEOGRAPHY), Issue 1 2006William A. V. Clark Abstract A substantial literature has examined the nature of mobility and migration and the link to workforce participation. In general that literature has documented the disadvantages to women who move or migrate with a partner during the mobility or migration process, but it suggests, especially for the US, that the disadvantage is temporarily limited. This study of the same process in the British labour market reaffirms a temporary deficit-effect of two-worker migration for women, but unlike the US labour market the process of re-entry seems slower. There are modest monetary gains from mobility and migration, but these gains come for some families only when women enter the labour force after migration. The study reconfirms the importance of gender in the migration and mobility processes. Income, for women, recovers more slowly if a birth was registered in the migration interval. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Tax Expenditures in Michigan: A Comparison to Federal FindingsPUBLIC BUDGETING AND FINANCE, Issue 1 2002Kyle I. Jen A substantial literature exists on federal tax expenditures, but almost no empirical research has been done on state tax expenditures. This article examines Michigan tax expenditures, with an emphasis on comparison to findings from the federal level. Three major topics are addressed: (1) allocation of resources by policy area, (2) distribution of tax expenditure benefits by income class, and (3) tax expenditure growth over time. Only the findings on resource allocation are consistent with findings from the federal level, suggesting that simple theories may be insufficient to systematically describe tax expenditures. [source] Drug Interactions of Clinical Importance among the Opioids, Methadone and Buprenorphine, and Other Frequently Prescribed Medications: A ReviewTHE AMERICAN JOURNAL ON ADDICTIONS, Issue 1 2010Elinore F. McCance-Katz MD Drug interactions are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Methadone and buprenorphine are frequently prescribed for the treatment of opioid addiction. Patients needing treatment with these medications often have co-occurring medical and mental illnesses that require medication treatment. The abuse of illicit substances is also common in opioid-addicted individuals. These clinical realities place patients being treated with methadone and buprenorphine at risk for potentially toxic drug interactions. A substantial literature has accumulated on drug interactions between either methadone or buprenorphine with other medications when ingested concomitantly by humans. This review summarizes current literature in this area.,(Am J Addict 2009;19:4,16) [source] How Accurate Are Value-at-Risk Models at Commercial Banks?THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE, Issue 3 2002Jeremy Berkowitz In recent years, the trading accounts at large commercial banks have grown substantially and become progressively more diverse and complex. We provide descriptive statistics on the trading revenues from such activities and on the associated Value-at-Risk (VaR) forecasts internally estimated by banks. For a sample of large bank holding companies, we evaluate the performance of banks' trading risk models by examining the statistical accuracy of the VaR forecasts. Although a substantial literature has examined the statistical and economic meaning of Value-at-Risk models, this article is the first to provide a detailed analysis of the performance of models actually in use. [source] A review of forecast error covariance statistics in atmospheric variational data assimilation.THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, Issue 637 2008I: Characteristics, measurements of forecast error covariances Abstract This article reviews the characteristics of forecast error statistics in meteorological data assimilation from the substantial literature on this subject. It is shown how forecast error statistics appear in the data assimilation problem through the background error covariance matrix, B. The mathematical and physical properties of the covariances are surveyed in relation to a number of leading systems that are in use for operational weather forecasting. Different studies emphasize different aspects of B, and the known ways that B can impact the assimilation are brought together. Treating B practically in data assimilation is problematic. One such problem is in the numerical measurement of B, and five calibration methods are reviewed, including analysis of innovations, analysis of forecast differences and ensemble methods. Another problem is the prohibitive size of B. This needs special treatment in data assimilation, and is covered in a companion article (Part II). Examples are drawn from the literature that show the univariate and multivariate structure of the B -matrix, in terms of variances and correlations, which are interpreted in terms of the properties of the atmosphere. The need for an accurate quantification of forecast error statistics is emphasized. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society [source] Active Site Ring-Opening of a Thiirane Moiety and Picomolar Inhibition of GelatinasesCHEMICAL BIOLOGY & DRUG DESIGN, Issue 6 2009Christopher Forbes (±)-2-[(4-Phenoxyphenylsulfonyl)methyl]thiirane 1 is a potent and selective mechanism-based inhibitor of the gelatinase sub-class of the zinc-dependent matrix metalloproteinase family. Inhibitor 1 has excellent activity in in vivo models of gelatinase-dependent disease. We demonstrate that the mechanism of inhibition is a rate-limiting gelatinase-catalyzed thiolate generation via deprotonation adjacent to the thiirane, with concomitant thiirane opening. A corollary to this mechanism is the prediction that thiol-containing structures, related to thiirane-opened 1, will possess potent matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory activity. This prediction was validated by the synthesis of the product of this enzyme-catalyzed reaction on 1, which exhibited a remarkable Ki of 530 pm against matrix metalloproteinase-2. Thiirane 1 acts as a caged thiol, unmasked selectively in the active sites of gelatinases. This mechanism is unprecedented in the substantial literature on inhibition of zinc-dependent hydrolases. [source] | ||||||||||||||||