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Submicron Scale (submicron + scale)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Physics and Astronomy	50%

Selected Abstracts

Nanoscale Structuring and Investigation

IMAGING & MICROSCOPY (ELECTRONIC), Issue 4 2006
Crossbeam Tool with Ultra High Resolution FIB Technology
Recent developments in nano- and semiconductor technology have substantially increased the demand for accurate and efficient site specific cross-sectioning of specimens and preparation of TEM samples. Moreover, nano-research is facing new challenges for manipulation, observation, and modification of devices on a submicron scale. [source]

Heterogeneous agglutinitic glass and the fusion of the finest fraction (F3) model

METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, Issue 12 2002
Abhijit Basu
They include (1) theoretical expectations that shock pulses should engulf and melt smaller grains more efficiently than larger grains, (2) experimental results of impact shock, albeit at lower than presumed hypervelocity impacts of micrometeorites on the lunar regolith, and (3) new analyses confirming previous results that average compositions of agglutinitic glass are biased towards that of the finest fraction of lunar soils from which they had formed. We add another reason in support of the F3 model. Finer grains of lunar soils are also much more abundant. Hence, electrostatic forces associated with the rotating terminator region bring the finest grains that are obviously much lighter than courser grains to the surface of the Moon. This further contributes to the preferential melting of the finest fraction upon micrometeoritic impacts. New backscattered electron imaging shows that agglutinitic glass is inhomogeneous at submicron scale. Composition ranges of agglutinitic glass are extreme and deviate from that of the finest fraction, even by more than an order of magnitude for some components. Additionally, we show how an ilmenite grain upon impact would produce TiO2 -rich agglutinitic glass in complete disregard to the requirements of fusion of the finest fraction. We propose an addition to the F3 model to accommodate these observations (i.e., that micrometeorite impacts indiscriminately melt the immediate target regardless of grain size or grain composition). We, therefore, suggest that (1) agglutinitic glass is the sum of (a) the melt produced by the fusion of the finest fraction of lunar soils and (b) the microvolume of the indiscriminate target, which melts at high-shock pressures from micrometeoritic impacts, and that (2) because of the small volume of the melt and incorporating cold soil grains, the melt quenched so rapidly that it did not mix and homogenize to represent any preferential composition, for example, that of the finest fraction. [source]

Initialization and logic gate operations of nuclear spin qubits using a submicron scale resistively-detected NMR device

PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 1 2008
T. Ota
Abstract We demonstrate initialization of nuclear spin qubits using a resistively-detected nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) device. In our device, nuclear spins are dynamically polarized in a sub-micron scale region defined by split gates. The population of each nuclear spin state is estimated from a resistively-detected NMR spectrum combined with numerical analysis. By applying radio frequency pulses to the polarized nuclear spins, we create two-qubit effective pure states, which is a crucial step toward NMR quantum computation. We also demonstrate simple logic gate operations such as controlled-NOT and SWAP gates in this two-qubit system. The obtained spectra are consistent with numerically calculated ones. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]

Recent developments in the use of two-photon polymerization in precise 2D and 3D microfabrications,

POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Issue 2 2006
Kwang-Sup Lee
Abstract The use of two-photon polymerization (TPP) initiated by a photosensitizer's non-linear two-photon absorption in two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) microfabrications for various photonic applications has been intensively studied. Since TPP emerged as a new technology over a decade ago, a large variety of micro-objects including 3D micro-optical components, micromechanical devices, and 3D photonic crystals have been fabricated using TPP with a high spatial resolution of approximately submicron scale to 100,nm. Recent efforts have been made to improve the fabrication efficiency and precision of micro-objects obtained with TPP; in particular, many studies have been carried out with the aim of developing efficient two-photon absorbing chromophores. In this article, efforts to develop highly efficient two-photon absorbing materials and also describe recent attempts to enhance the resolution and improve the fabrication efficiency of nanofabrications based on two-photon polymerization are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]