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Subjective Factors (subjective + factor)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	60%

Selected Abstracts

Objective and subjective stressors and the psychological adjustment of melanoma survivors

PSYCHO-ONCOLOGY, Issue 4 2007
Y. Hamama-Raz
Abstract This study of 300 melanoma survivors examines the relative contributions of objective illness-related factors (stage of illness at diagnosis, time since diagnosis, and change in physical condition) and of subjective factors (cognitive appraisal) to their psychological adjustment. The findings show that lower appraisal of their situation as a threat, higher appraisal of it as a challenge, and higher appraisal of their subjective ability to cope with it all increased their well-being, while lower threat appraisal and higher appraisal of subjective ability to cope also reduced their distress. These findings, which are consistent with Lazarus and Folkman's stress coping theory, suggest that subjective factors may be more important than objective medical factors in predicting patients' adjustment. With this, more advanced stage at diagnosis contributed to reducing distress, while being married contributed both to higher well-being and reduced distress. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Rank and health: a conceptual discussion of subjective health and psychological perceptions of social status

PSYCHOTHERAPY AND POLITICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2006
Pierre Morin
Abstract The social dimensions of health and illness have been studied extensively from a materialistic angle. The nonmaterial or subjective factors of social experience affecting health have only recently received some attention. This paper introduces a new multidimensional concept of rank, which includes social dimensions as well as nonmaterially based elements of emotional, psychological, and spiritual strength. It proposes that rank is an important addition to the current literature of socioeconomic inequality and health and examines its relevance for the discussion of how social status inequalities affect people's global health. It suggests that rank as a signifier of power contributes to feelings of powerlessness and leads to worsened health outcomes. This paper suggests that perceived rank may play a role in the socioeconomic status (SES) effect on self-reported health. It presents a new conceptual and therapeutic model to address issues of rank-based discrimination in health care. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Objective vs. subjective factors in the psychological impact of vitiligo: the experience from a French referral centre

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2009
P. Kostopoulou
Summary Background, Vitiligo affects around 0·5% of the population. The burden of disease perceived by patients seems to be underestimated by the medical community. Objectives, To analyse the impact of objective and psychological factors on the quality of life (QoL) and self-body image of patients with vitiligo. Methods, Demographic data, medical information and psychological factors (perceived severity, trait anxiety, trait depression, trait self-esteem, body image and QoL) were prospectively collected for all patients. Results, Forty-eight patients with a mean age of 43·9 years were included in the study. Vitiligo caused overall a moderate effect on patients' QoL with a 7·17 Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) mean score (out of 30) without correlation with gender. According to distribution, no or minimal (DLQI 0,1), mild (2,5), moderate (6,11) and severe (12,20) impairment of QoL was found in five (10%), 14 (29%), 18 (38%) and 11 (23%) patients, respectively. The mean perceived severity evaluated by the patients was 4·91 based on visual analogue scale from 0 to 10. The self-body image was influenced by gender, perceived severity and disease characteristics. Perceived severity and patient personality were predictors of QoL impairment. Perceived severity of vitiligo was explained mainly by the patients' personality and less significantly by objective criteria. Conclusions, Subjective as well as objective factors should be included in the assessment of disease severity and follow-up of patients with vitiligo. A simple perceived severity scale is useful in clinical practice. [source]

Identifying and assessing cases of child neglect: learning from the Irish experience

CHILD & FAMILY SOCIAL WORK, Issue 2 2005
Jan Horwath
ABSTRACT Although child neglect is arguably the most prevalent form of maltreatment in the western world, studies of social work practice in cases of child neglect are limited. This paper seeks to add to the body of knowledge by describing a small-scale study completed in the Republic of Ireland of social work assessments in cases of child neglect. The findings are based primarily on an analysis of case files, but reference is also made to practitioners' and managers' responses to a postal questionnaire and focus groups. The study findings highlight that social workers interpret the assessment task and process in different ways. Variations in the interpretation of the task appear to be influenced by workload pressures, resources and local systems, with teams focusing either on immediate safeguarding issues or on both safeguarding and the longer-term welfare of the child. Individual variations amongst workers irrespective of team were more apparent in the way practitioners approached the assessment task. For example, practice varied regarding which professionals and family members were contacted as part of the assessment, the type of communication workers had with children and carers, and the use the social workers made of information on case files. The paper concludes with a discussion of the role of the team in determining the focus of assessments and the subjective factors which impact on the way the individual social worker works with children, families and other professionals. [source]

Child health services in transition: II.

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 3 2005
Mothers' perceptions of 18-month-old children in the light of socio-economic status, some subjective factors
Abstract Aim: To analyse mothers' self-assessed quality of interaction with their children and their opinions about child difficulty with respect to socio-economic status and subjective factors: postnatal depression, social isolation, sense of coherence and locus of control. Methods and material: A comprehensive questionnaire was completed by 1039 mothers of 18-mo-old children participating in the baseline measurements of a Swedish multicentre study developing and testing a new psychosocial model for the child health services. Results: All subjective factors, including the number of factors, showed significant associations with perceived interaction and difficultness. Effect sizes of subjective factors ranged from about 0.3 to 1 SD for interaction, and from about 0.2 to 0.8 SD for difficultness. As for difficultness, effect sizes were larger for boys. There were no associations between high socio-economic status and high-quality interaction or low child difficultness: the few significant differences in fact favoured low-status children. Conclusion : The results provided some contradictory findings to the well-known association between high socio-economic status and favourable outcome. This result is of practical relevance for interventions: supportive programmes cannot be limited to areas and families of low socio-economic status. Positive effects may ensue if subjective factors like those studied here can be promoted among parents and children through the child health services. [source]