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Selected AbstractsDo horses suffer from irritable bowel syndrome?EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 9 2009J. O. HUNTER Summary Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in man is not a single entity but has several causes. One of the most common forms has similarities with colic and laminitis in horses. Undigested food residues may pass from the small intestine into the colon where bacterial fermentation produces chemicals that lead to disease. In horses the consequences may be disastrous, but in healthy humans such malabsorption may not be harmful. After events such as bacterial gastroenteritis or antibiotic treatment, an imbalance of the colonic microflora with overgrowth of facultative anaerobes may arise, leading to malfermentation and IBS. It is not known whether such subtle changes may likewise be present in the microflora of horses who are susceptible to colic and laminitis. Metabolomic studies of urine and faeces may provide a suitable way forward to identify such changes in the horse's gut and thus help to identify more accurately those at risk and to provide opportunities for the development of improved treatment. [source] Expression of cell fate determinants and plastic changes after neurotoxic lesion of adult mice spinal cord by cholera toxin-B saporinEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 8 2010Rosario Gulino Abstract Recent studies have attempted to repair the damaged spinal cord (SC) by stimulating neurogenesis or neuroplasticity. Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Notch-1 and Numb are involved in the stem cell functioning. Additionally, Notch-1 has a role as modulator of synaptic plasticity. However, little is known about the role of these proteins in the adult SC after removal of motoneurons. In this study, we have injected cholera toxin-B saporin into the gastrocnemius muscle to induce a depletion of motoneurons within the lumbar SC of adult mice, and analysed the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), Synapsin-I, Shh, Notch-1 and Numb proteins. The functional outcome of the lesion was monitored by grid walk and rotarod tasks. The neurotoxin lesion determined a motoneuron depletion and a transient decrease of ChAT, Synapsin-I, Shh and Numb levels in the lumbar SC. ChAT was associated with Synapsin-I expression and motor performance at 1 week but not 1 month after lesion, suggesting that the recovery of locomotion could depend on synaptic plasticity, at least in an early phase. Shh and Notch-1 were associated with Synapsin-I levels, suggesting a role in modulating synaptic plasticity. Numb expression also appeared reduced after lesion and linked to motor performance. Moreover, unlike other lesion models, we observed glial reaction but no evidence of cell proliferation within the depleted SC. Given the mentioned roles of Shh, Notch-1 and Numb, we believe that an in vivo manipulation of their signalling after lesion could represent a suitable way to improve functional recovery by modulating synaptic plasticity and/or neurogenesis. [source] An ultraviolet-finite Hamiltonian approach on the noncommutative Minkowski spaceFORTSCHRITTE DER PHYSIK/PROGRESS OF PHYSICS, Issue 6-7 2004D. Bahns This is an exposition of joint work with S. Doplicher, K. Fredenhagen, and G. Piacitelli on field theory on the noncommutative Minkowski space [1]. The limit of coinciding points is modified compared to ordinary field theory in a suitable way which allows for the definition of so-called regularized field monomials as interaction terms. Employing these in the Hamiltonian formalism results in an ultraviolet finite S -matrix. [source] Geometrical interpretation of the multi-point flux approximation L-methodINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS, Issue 11 2009Yufei Cao Abstract In this paper, we first investigate the influence of different Dirichlet boundary discretizations on the convergence rate of the multi-point flux approximation (MPFA) L-method by the numerical comparisons between the MPFA O- and L-method, and show how important it is for this new method to handle Dirichlet boundary conditions in a suitable way. A new Dirichlet boundary strategy is proposed, which in some sense can well recover the superconvergence rate of the normal velocity. In the second part of the work, the MPFA L-method with homogeneous media is studied. A systematic concept and geometrical interpretations of the L-method are given and illustrated, which yield more insight into the L-method. Finally, we apply the MPFA L-method for two-phase flow in porous media on different quadrilateral grids and compare its numerical results for the pressure and saturation with the results of the two-point flux approximation method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Manipulating deformable linear objects: Attachable adjustment-motions for vibration reductionJOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS (FORMERLY JOURNAL OF ROBOTIC SYSTEMS), Issue 7 2001Shigang Yue This paper addresses the problem of handling deformable linear objects in a suitable way to avoid acute vibration. Different types of adjustment-motions that eliminate vibration of deformable objects and that can be attached to the end of an arbitrary end-effector's trajectory are presented. For describing the dynamics of deformable linear objects, the finite element method is used to derive the dynamic differential equations. A genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal adjustment motion for each simulation example. Experiments are conducted to verify the presented manipulating method. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] Use of the wavelet method for analyzing electrochemical noise dataMATERIALS AND CORROSION/WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION, Issue 12 2007O. Duran This research paper shows the application of the mathematical tool "wavelet's" to be used in the interpretation and analysis of electrochemical noise signals. The Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) is one of the most commonly used techniques for analyzing electrochemical noise. But the application of this methodology to the analysis of stochastic signals does not allow their interpretation in a suitable way. The wavelet's methodology carries out the analysis by means of the construction of finite base functions. In several studies, it has been found out that the function that is closest to the electrochemical oscillations is the one called "coiflets," which presents a similar geometry to what it is observed when an ionic,electronic interchange occurs during an electrochemical interphase. The analysis that appears here was implemented using the toolbox "LabViewÔ." [source] Effect of light and oxygen transmission characteristics of packaging materials on photo-oxidative quality changes in semi-hard Havarti cheesesPACKAGING TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, Issue 3 2002Grith Mortensen Abstract Changing transmission characteristics of food packaging materials by colouring the materials may be a suitable way of reducing photo-oxidative quality changes. This study proved that packaging in black laminates provided the best protection of Havarti cheese, followed by a white laminate. However, transparent packaging materials did not protect the product in the critical wavelength range, i.e. 400,500,nm, and changes in colour and odour were already notable after few hours of exposure to fluorescent light. Additionally, secondary oxidation products, hexanal, 1-pentanol, and 1-hexanol, were formed in cheese packaged in transparent or semi-transparent packaging materials. The expected effects of oxygen transmission were difficult to evaluate, due to high residual oxygen levels in the packages. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] What is plant behaviour?,PLANT CELL & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 6 2009ANTHONY TREWAVAS ABSTRACT The nature of plant behaviour is discussed, and it is concluded that it is best described as what plants do. The possibility that plant behaviour is simply signal-induced phenotypic plasticity is outlined, and some limitations of this assumption are considered. Natural environments present many challenges to growing plants, and the consequent signalling that plants perceive is becoming extremely complex. Plant behaviour is active, purposeful and intentional, and examples are discussed. Much plant behaviour, concerned with stress and herbivory, is also based on an assessment of the future likelihood of further damaging episodes and is therefore predictive. Plant behaviour involves the acquisition and processing of information. Informational terminology provides a suitable way of incorporating the concepts of learning, memory and intelligence into plant behaviour, capabilities that plants are rarely credited with. Finally, trade-offs, cost,benefit assessments and decision making are common plant behavioural attributes. It is suggested that intelligent assessments that involve the whole plant are essential to optimize these adaptive capabilities. [source] | |||||||||||||