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Sufficient Knowledge (sufficient + knowledge)
Selected AbstractsNurses' knowledge of high-alert medications: instrument development and validationJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 1 2010Ghi-Yin Hsaio Abstract Title.,Nurses' knowledge of high-alert medications: instrument development andvalidation. Aim., This paper is a report of the development and validation of an instrument to measure nurses' knowledge of high-alert medications and to analyse known administration errors. Background., Insufficient knowledge is a factor in nurses' drug administration errors. Most errors do not harm patients, but incorrect administration of high-alert medications can result in serious consequences. Sufficient knowledge about high-alert medications is vital. Method., A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2006 in Taiwan using a questionnaire developed from literature review and expert input, and validated by subject experts and two pilot studies. Section 1 of the questionnaire (20 true,false questions) evaluated nurses' knowledge of high-alert medications and section 2 was designed to analyse known administration errors. Snowball sampling and descriptive statistics were used. Findings., A total of 305 nurses participated, giving a 79·2% response rate (305/385). The correct answer rate for section 1 was 56·5%, and nurses' working experience contributed to scores. Only 3·6% of nurses considered themselves to have sufficient knowledge about high-alert medications, 84·6% hoped to gain more training, and the leading obstacle reported was insufficient knowledge (75·4%). A total of 184 known administration errors were identified, including wrong drug (33·7%) and wrong dose (32·6%); 4·9% (nine cases; 9/184) resulted in serious consequences. Conclusion., The questionnaire was valid and reliable. Evidence-based results strongly suggest that nurses have insufficient knowledge about high-alert medications and could benefit from additional education, particularly associated with intravenous bolus administration of high-alert medications. Further research to validate the instrument is needed. [source] Assessing the influence of environmental heterogeneity on bird spacing patterns: a case study with two raptorsECOGRAPHY, Issue 2 2006Thomas Cornulier Testing for aggregation or regularity in point patterns is difficult in the presence of spatial variation in abundance due to environmental heterogeneity. Using a recently developed method generalizing Ripley's K function for non homogeneous point patterns, we test the aggregation of the nests in two species of birds (little owl and Montagu's harrier) exhibiting heterogeneous distributions in response to landscape structure. We compare the results obtained under different null models accounting for environmental heterogeneity at large and/or small spatial scales. Whereas both species were initially found to form clusters at some scale, taking spatial heterogeneity into account revealed that 1) territorial little owls showed no clustering of territories when habitat availability was considered; 2) semi-colonial harriers still formed significant clusters, but part of the aggregation in this species could be explained by landscape structure alone. Our results highlight that it is feasible and highly recommended to account for non-stationarity when testing for aggregation. Further, provided that sufficient knowledge of the study system is available, this approach helps to identify behavioural and environmental components of spatial variation in abundance. Additionally, we demonstrate that accounting for large or small-scale heterogeneity affects the perception of spacing behaviours differently, so that both need to be considered. [source] Nurses' knowledge of high-alert medications: instrument development and validationJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 1 2010Ghi-Yin Hsaio Abstract Title.,Nurses' knowledge of high-alert medications: instrument development andvalidation. Aim., This paper is a report of the development and validation of an instrument to measure nurses' knowledge of high-alert medications and to analyse known administration errors. Background., Insufficient knowledge is a factor in nurses' drug administration errors. Most errors do not harm patients, but incorrect administration of high-alert medications can result in serious consequences. Sufficient knowledge about high-alert medications is vital. Method., A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2006 in Taiwan using a questionnaire developed from literature review and expert input, and validated by subject experts and two pilot studies. Section 1 of the questionnaire (20 true,false questions) evaluated nurses' knowledge of high-alert medications and section 2 was designed to analyse known administration errors. Snowball sampling and descriptive statistics were used. Findings., A total of 305 nurses participated, giving a 79·2% response rate (305/385). The correct answer rate for section 1 was 56·5%, and nurses' working experience contributed to scores. Only 3·6% of nurses considered themselves to have sufficient knowledge about high-alert medications, 84·6% hoped to gain more training, and the leading obstacle reported was insufficient knowledge (75·4%). A total of 184 known administration errors were identified, including wrong drug (33·7%) and wrong dose (32·6%); 4·9% (nine cases; 9/184) resulted in serious consequences. Conclusion., The questionnaire was valid and reliable. Evidence-based results strongly suggest that nurses have insufficient knowledge about high-alert medications and could benefit from additional education, particularly associated with intravenous bolus administration of high-alert medications. Further research to validate the instrument is needed. [source] Anastomosis between the hepatic artery and the extrahepatic collateral or between extrahepatic collaterals: Observation on angiographyJOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 3 2009S Miyayama Summary Transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation for hepatocellular carcinoma is widely carried out not only through the hepatic artery but also through the extrahepatic collateral pathways. Anatomically, there are many anastomoses between the hepatic artery and the extrahepatic collateral as well as among the extrahepatic collaterals. However, these anastomoses may not be shown on angiography because the anastomosing braches are too small. These anastomoses may not only interfere with effective control of hepatocellular carcinoma by transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation but also cause unexpected procedure-related complications. Therefore, radiologists should have sufficient knowledge of these underlying anastomoses. In this report, we present our angiographic images. [source] In Vivo Gene Transfer Studies on the Regulation and Function of the Vasopressin and Oxytocin GenesJOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 2 2003D. Murphy Abstract Novel genes can be introduced into the germline of rats and mice by microinjecting fertilized one-cell eggs with fragments of cloned DNA. A gene sequence can thus be studied within the physiological integrity of the resulting transgenic animals, without any prior knowledge of its regulation and function. These technologies have been used to elucidate the mechanisms by which the expression of the two genes in the locus that codes for the neuropeptides vasopressin and oxytocin is confined to, and regulated physiologically within, specific groups of neurones in the hypothalamus. A number of groups have described transgenes, derived from racine, murine and bovine sources, in both rat and mouse hosts, that mimic the appropriate expression of the endogenous vasopressin and genes in magnocellular neurones (MCNs) of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. However, despite considerable effort, a full description of the cis -acting sequences mediating the regulation of the vasopressin-oxytocin locus remains elusive. Two general conclusions have nonetheless been reached. First, that the proximal promoters of both genes are unable to confer any cell-specific regulatory controls. Second, that sequences downstream of the promoter, within the structural gene and/or the intergenic region that separates the two genes, are crucial for appropriate expression. Despite these limitations, sufficient knowledge has been garnered to specifically direct the expression of reporter genes to vasopressin and oxytocin MCNs. Further, it has been shown that reporter proteins can be directed to the regulated secretory pathway, from where they are subject to appropriate physiological release. The use of MCN expression vectors will thus enable the study of the physiology of these neurones through the targeted expression of biologically active molecules. However, the germline transgenic approach has a number of limitations involving the interpretation of phenotypes, as well as the large cost, labour and time demands. High-throughput somatic gene transfer techniques, principally involving the stereotaxic injection of hypothalamic neuronal groups with replication-deficient adenoviral vectors, are now being developed that obviate these difficulties, and which enable the robust, long-lasting expression of biologically active proteins in vasopressin and oxytocin MCNs. [source] NURSES' KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF VASCULAR ACCESS INFECTION CONTROL IN HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELANDJOURNAL OF RENAL CARE, Issue 2 2008DipNS, Margaret Higgins RN SUMMARY Vascular access hygiene is an integral component of haemodialysis care. Ensuring nurses possess sufficient knowledge and utilise recommended guidelines on infection control is essential for safe practice and patient safety. The study aimed to investigate nurses' knowledge and practice of vascular access infection control among adult haemodialysis patients in the Republic of Ireland. A confidential self-completion questionnaire was sent to all 190 qualified nurses employed in nine haemodialysis units in the Republic of Ireland, which assessed knowledge and behaviour in infection control. Although 92% of respondents reported that policies had been developed by their units and 47% had received infection control education in the previous year, knowledge and adherence to best practice demonstrated significant scope for improvement. The study recommended the development of standard guidelines and regular reviews and updates of policies. Systems should also be developed to ensure a high level of compliance. [source] Lipid emulsion: is there sufficient knowledge among hospital staff?ANAESTHESIA, Issue 5 2010J. McKevith No abstract is available for this article. [source] | ||||||||||