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Styles Questionnaire (style + questionnaire)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Psychology	50%
Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Does defense style or psychological mindedness predict treatement response in major depression?

DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, Issue 7 2009
Kim Kronström M.D.
Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to define the impact of defense style and psychological mindedness (PM) on the prognosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) in patients treated with either fluoxetine (FLX) or short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) in a randomized comparative study. Method: 50 patients with MDD received either STPP or FLX treatment for 16 weeks. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was the outcome measure completed at baseline and in the follow-ups at 4- and 12-months. Patients completed the Psychological Mindedness Scale (PMS) and the Defense Style Questionnaire at the baseline. Results: In the FLX group recovery measured by the decrease in the HDRS during the 4-month follow-up associated with baseline mature defense style (r=,.59, P=.015). There were no correlations between the PMS-scores and the outcome measures in either treatment groups nor defense status and the outcome in the STPP group. Conclusion: Mature defense style predicts good response to FLX therapy in major depression. This association was not found in the psychotherapy group. The results may imply that patients with immature defenses benefit relatively more from brief psychotherapy than medication. PM measured by the PMS was not useful in predicting recovery in MDD. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Explanatory style change in supportive-expressive dynamic therapy

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2005
Jacques P. Barber
Change in explanatory style (measured by the Attributional Style Questionnaire [ASQ]) has often been considered specific to cognitive therapy (CT). We used data from 59 patients who had received supportive-expressive (SE) dynamic therapy after meeting DSM-III-R criteria for a depressive spectrum disorder and who had completed the ASQ at intake and termination of treatment. We found that depressive symptoms decreased significantly and that explanatory style became more optimistic over the course of treatment. Furthermore, change in ASQ correlated with change in depression. There was some evidence suggesting that ASQ at termination predicted level of depression at follow-up. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol. [source]

Sedation failures in children undergoing MRI and CT: is temperament a factor?

PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 3 2000
Terri Voepel-Lewis RN
Summary This study examined the relationship between temperament and sedation failure during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT). One hundred and two children (aged 3,7 years) who underwent MRI or CT with or without sedation were studied. Demographics, sedatives administered, efficacy of sedation, and adverse events were recorded. Parents completed the Behavioural Style Questionnaire for 3,7 years olds during their wait. Eight children underwent MRI successfully without sedation, 83 were successfully sedated, and 11 procedures were aborted. Children whose sedation failed were less adaptable than children whose sedation was successful (P =0.04). Children who underwent MRI without sedation were more persistent than children who were sedated (P =0.05), and more persistent and less active than those whose sedation failed (P =0.02 and 0.03, respectively). The child's underlying temperament may contribute to sedation outcomes during MRI and CT. A presedation assessment of the child's temperament may therefore assist in decisions regarding sedation. [source]

The relationship of adult attachment dimensions to depression and agoraphobia

PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, Issue 2 2003
Esben Strodl
We examined the unique relations between the five dimensions of the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ; Feeney, Noller, & Hanrahan, 1994) and depression and agoraphobic behavior (i.e., avoidance of situations where high anxiety is experienced). In addition, we examined mediation models in an attempt to clarify the link between adult attachment and these two dimensions of psychopathology. In testing these models, we administered the ASQ, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Agoraphobic Catastrophic Cognitions Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and the Mobility Inventory for Agoraphobia (a measure of the degree to which situations are avoided that are typically anxiety provoking for people with agoraphobia) to 122 participants (44 with agoraphobia, 25 with a current major depressive disorder, and 53 with no current psychopathology). The results showed that the insecure attachment dimensions of need for approval, preoccupation with relationships, and relationships as secondary were uniquely associated with depression and that general self-efficacy partly mediated the relationship between need for approval and depression. In contrast, only preoccupation with relationships was uniquely associated with agoraphobic behavior, and catastrophic cognitions about bodily sensations partly mediated this association. [source]

Application of Empowerment Scale to patients with schizophrenia: Japanese experience

PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 6 2007
SUMIE YAMADA ms
Abstract Rogers et al. invented the Empowerment Scale, and conducted a factor analysis, which found five factors: self-esteem, power, activism, righteous anger and optimism. Hata et al. translated this scale into Japanese and named it Empowerment Scale-J. They found that the score of the righteous anger factor does not have a significant correlation with the overall score of the Empowerment Score-J. With the aim of clarifying the characteristics of the Empowerment Scale-J, the purpose of the present study was to assess the levels of empowerment in 72 Japanese patients with chronic schizophrenia using the scale, and examine the relationship between the results of the scale and the results of the following two batteries: Social Adjustment Scale II (SAS II), and Expanded Attributional Style Questionnaire (EASQ; a questionnaire to assess some aspects of attitude toward negative circumstances). Four results were obtained as follows. No significant correlation was found between the score of righteous anger factor and overall score. No significant correlation was found between the Empowerment Scale-J score and the degree of social adjustment. Significant correlations were found between some subscales of Empowerment Scale-J and the degree of social adjustments: self-esteem and optimism, but inverse correlations were obtained between the power factor and the righteous anger factor and the degree of social adjustment. Results for the EASQ showed that subjects with a higher righteous anger score have a tendency opposite to that of subjects with higher social adjustment. On the basis of these results it is suggested that behavior related to the righteous anger among Japanese persons with schizophrenia may have some negative influence on their social adaptation and that in applying Empowerment scale-J attention should be paid to the significance of the righteous anger factor. [source]

Psychometric validation of a monitoring-blunting measure for social anxiety disorder: the coping styles questionnaire for social situations (CSQSS)

DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, Issue 1 2005
Peter G. Mezo Ph.D.
Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to conduct a psychometric validation of the Coping Styles Questionnaire for Social Situations (CSQSS). The CSQSS was developed to measure monitoring and blunting coping styles in social situations based on Miller's conceptualization of how individuals cope with threat-related information. Study 1 evaluated the content validity of the CSQSS monitoring and blunting items. Study 2 examined factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of the CSQSS in a sample of 443 college students. Evidence supported the content and face validity of the CSQSS. In addition, an exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution consistent with the monitoring and blunting constructs. Both monitoring and blunting scores were positively correlated with measures of social anxiety, with blunting having a stronger relationship. Moreover, individuals with high social anxiety engaged in a significantly higher degree of monitoring and blunting than did individuals with low social anxiety. Taken together, these results provide support for the reliability and validity of the CSQSS. The CSQSS may serve as a useful measure for further examination of monitoring and blunting coping styles in a social anxiety disorder sample. Depression and Anxiety 22:20,27, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

The role of personality dispositions to risky behavior in predicting first-year college drinking

ADDICTION, Issue 2 2009
Melissa A. Cyders
ABSTRACT Aims US college student drinking is associated with enormous risks to health, safety and productivity. Recent advances in personality research that have delineated multiple, separate dispositions to engage in risky behaviors may help to clarify the personality contribution to risk for this problem. Design The authors compared the prospective roles of sensation seeking, lack of planning, lack of perseverance, negative urgency and positive urgency (dispositions to engage in rash action when in an unusually negative or positive mood, respectively) in predicting increases in drinking frequency, drinking quantity and negative outcomes from consumption across the first year of college. Setting University of Kentucky campus. Participants A total of 418 first-year US college students enrolled in an Introduction to Psychology course during the first assessment; 293 participants completed both phases of the study. Measurements Participants completed self-report measures of personality and drinking behavior twice during the first year of college [the UPPS-R Impulsive Behavior Scale, positive urgency measure (PUM) and Drinking Styles Questionnaire (DSQ)]. Findings Whereas sensation seeking related to increases in the frequency with which college students drank alcohol, positive urgency predicted increases in (i) the quantity of alcohol students consumed at any given drinking episode and (ii) negative outcomes experienced from drinking. Conclusions It appears that although sensation seeking is a risk factor for participation in drinking behaviors, risk for increased quantity of consumption and its negative outcomes may be more a function of dyscontrol stemming from high positive mood for college students. [source]

Humour styles, personality, and well-being among Lebanese university students

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 3 2004
Shahe S. Kazarian
This research examined the structure and correlates of the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) in Lebanese university students. Four humour factors were found, as in the original Canadian samples: Affiliative, Self-Enhancing, Aggressive, and Self-Defeating humour. Scale reliabilities were generally acceptable, and inter-correlations among the scales were low. Lebanese participants scored lower than Canadians on Affiliative and Self-Enhancing humour and lower than Belgians on Affiliative and Aggressive humour. As in Canadian and Belgian samples, males reported significantly more use of Aggressive and Self-Defeating humour than did females. Humour styles correlated differentially, and generally as predicted, with horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism, attachment styles, perceived health, and psychological well-being. Overall, the findings support the cross-cultural stability of the HSQ as well as the differential relationship of these humour styles with culture-related personality traits and psychological well-being. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Humor Styles Questionnaire: personality and educational correlates in Belgian high school and college students,

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 1 2002
Vassilis Saroglou
Studies often treat sense of humour as a unidimensional construct. Recently, however, four different humour styles have been hypothesized and validated by the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ). In the present two studies, first, the HSQ received cross-cultural validation among French-speaking Belgian students (94 high school and 87 college students). Second, apart from some similarities (Extraversion, low need for closure), the four humour styles were found to be differently related to personality. Social and self-enhancing humour styles were positively related to Agreeableness, Openness, and self-esteem, whereas hostile humour was negatively related to Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Self-defeating humour was negatively related to Emotional Stability, Conscientiousness, security in attachment, and self-esteem. Finally, students' humour styles were neither direct nor indirect predictors of school performance, but self-defeating and hostile humour styles were typical of students with low school motivation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Rumination: Relationship to depression and personality in a clinical sample

PERSONALITY AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 4 2009
Janet D. Carter
Numerous studies indicate rumination has a deleterious impact on the course of depressive symptoms. Very little is known about the factors that account for individual differences in the tendency to ruminate, particularly in clinical samples. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between demographic factors, clinical characteristics of depression, personality and rumination in a clinical sample. Rumination was assessed with the Response Styles Questionnaire in 168 outpatients with a current diagnosis of major depression. Depression characteristics and personality were assessed with both structured clinical interviews and self-report measures. The results indicate that depression severity and personality predict rumination. Specifically, high initial depression severity, cluster B personality disorder symptoms and low self-directedness were significant predictors of rumination. There were no age or gender differences in the tendency to ruminate. Personality functioning appears to be an important dimension that may account for individual differences in the tendency to ruminate in depressed outpatients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]