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Study Implications (study + implication)
Selected AbstractsPredicting juvenile delinquency: The nexus of childhood maltreatment, depression and bipolar disorderCRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 4 2009Christopher A. Mallett Background,It is important to identify and provide preventative interventions for youth who are most at risk for offending behaviour, but the connection between early childhood or adolescent experiences and later delinquency adjudication is complicated. Aim,To test for associations between specified mental disorders or maltreatment and later delinquency adjudication. Method,Participants were a random sample of youth before the juvenile courts in two Northeast Ohio counties in the USA (n = 555) over a 4-year time frame (2003 to 2006). Results,Logistic regression analysis identified a lifetime diagnosis of depression and/or bipolar disorder to be predictive of later youth delinquency adjudication, but found that childhood maltreatment (or involvement with the child welfare system) made delinquency outcomes less likely. Implications,Study implications are discussed as they relate to professionals working in the fields of child welfare, social work, mental health and juvenile justice. Awareness of risks associated with maltreatment may have led to effective interventions, while there may be less awareness of risks from depression in young people; however, studies tend not to take account of intervention variables. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Does Local Television News Coverage Cultivate Fatalistic Beliefs About Cancer Prevention?JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, Issue 2 2010Jeff Niederdeppe Many U.S. adults hold fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention despite evidence that a large proportion of cancer deaths are preventable. We report findings from two studies that assess the plausibility of the claim that local television (TV) news cultivates fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention. Study 1 features a content analysis of an October 2002 national sample of local TV and newspaper coverage about cancer. Study 2 describes an analysis of the 2005 Annenberg National Health Communication Survey (ANHCS). Overall, findings are consistent with the claim that local TV news coverage may promote fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention. We conclude with a discussion of study implications for cultivation theory and the knowledge gap hypothesis and suggest foci for future research. Beaucoup d'adultes américains ont une perception fataliste de la prévention du cancer, malgré les preuves ŕ l'effet qu'une grande proportion des décčs dus au cancer sont évitables. Plusieurs chercheurs suggčrent que la couverture médiatique est l'une des sources de cette opinion. Nous rendons compte des résultats de deux études évaluant la plausibilité de l'affirmation selon laquelle les informations télévisées locales cultiveraient une perception fataliste de la prévention du cancer. La premičre étude fait état d'une analyse de contenu d'un échantillon national de la couverture du cancer en octobre 2002 par les télévision et les journaux locaux. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats appuient l'affirmation selon laquelle la couverture des informations télévisées locales pourrait promouvoir une perception fataliste de la prévention du cancer. Nous concluons par une discussion des conséquences de ces résultats pour la théorie de cultivation et l'hypothčse de l'écart des savoirs et par des suggestions pour la recherche future. Viele U.S. amerikanische Erwachsene haben fatalistische Vorstellung zur Krebsprävention, auch wenn es Beweise gibt, dass ein großer Anteil von Krebstodesfällen vermieden werden kann. Verschiedene Wissenschaftler nehmen an, dass die Nachrichtenberichterstattung eine Quelle für diese Ansichten ist. Wir dokumentieren Ergebnisse von zwei Studien, die die Plausibilität dieser Annahme zeigen, nämlich dass lokales Nachrichtenfernsehen fatalistische Ansichten zur Krebsprävention kultiviert. Studie 1 ist die Inhaltsanalyse einer nationalen Stichprobe von Fernsehlokalnachrichten und der Presseberichterstattung im Oktober 2002 zum Thema Krebs. Die Ergebnisse sind konsistent mit der Annahme, dass Fernsehlokalnachrichten fatalistische Ansichten zum Thema Krebsprävention beeinflussen. Wir schließen mit einer Diskussion der Implikationen für die Kultivierungstheorie und die Wissensklufthypothese und schlagen Forschungsfelder für die Zukunft vor. Resumen Muchos adultos Norteamericanos sostienen creencias fatalistas sobre la prevención del cáncer a pesar de la evidencia que una proporción larga de las muertes de cáncer son prevenibles. Varios eruditos sugieren que la cobertura de noticias es una fuente de esas creencias. Reportamos los hallazgos de dos estudios que evaluaron la plausibilidad que la afirmación que las noticias de la televisión local (TV) cultiva las creencias fatalistas sobre la prevención del cáncer. El estudio 1 muestra un análisis de contenido de una muestra nacional de Octubre del 2002 de la cobertura sobre el cáncer en TV local y periódicos. En general, los hallazgos son consistentes con el alegato que la cobertura de noticias locales de TV pueden promover creencias fatalistas sobre la prevención del cáncer. Concluimos con una discusión de las implicancias de este estudio para la teoría de la cultivación y para la hipótesis de la brecha de conocimiento y sugiere el foco para la investigación futura. [source] Religious involvement and depressive symptoms among Mexican-origin adults in CaliforniaJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Christopher G. Ellison A burgeoning literature has documented generally salutary relationships between various aspects of religious involvement and mental health outcomes, including depressive symptoms. However, few of these studies have focused on Latinos (Hispanics), who now constitute the largest ethnic minority population in the United States. Our work addresses this gap in the literature. A number of hypotheses concerning main and contingent effects of religious attendance, salience, and consolation-seeking are developed and tested, using data on a large (N=3,012) sample of Mexican-origin adults drawn in the Fresno, CA area in 1995,1996. An initial inverse association between religious attendance and depressive symptoms disappears with controls for supportive social ties. However, an apparently salutary association between religious salience and depression persists despite all statistical controls; this relationship is present among both men and women, but it is significantly stronger for women. Contrary to expectations, there are signs that religious involvement may exacerbate the deleterious effects of discrimination and acculturation stress on depressive symptoms. A number of study implications, limitations, and directions for future research is discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Characteristics, context and risk: NGO insecurity in confict zonesDISASTERS, Issue 2 2007Larissa Fast This paper reports on research conducted on the insecurity of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) between 1999 and 2002, with the goal of contributing to the debate on the reasons why NGO actors are targets of violence in confict settings. The research involved the collection of data from three countries,Angola, Ecuador and Sierra Leone,and exploration of the relationship between levels of insecurity, context and the characteristics of NGOs. Four risk factors appear to heighten the degree of insecurity that NGOs face: (1) carrying out multiple types of activities and providing material aid; (2),operationality'(that is, implementing programmes and activities); (3) working with both sides of the confict; and (4) integrating into the local community. The paper discusses the methodological approach adopted for the research, the differences between ambient and situational insecurity and the fndings related to risk factors. It concludes with a summary of the study's implications. [source] | |||||||||||||