Home  About us  Contact
 

Study Draws (study + draw)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting40%
Humanities and Social Sciences30%

Selected Abstracts

Stratification in Higher Education, Choice and Social Inequalities in Greece

HIGHER EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2010
Eleni Sianou-Kyrgiou
Higher education has expanded to a remarkable extent in many countries in recent decades. Although this has led to high levels of participation, inequalities not only persist but are also strengthened. The persistence of inequalities is partly the result of policies for the widening of participation having been accompanied by institutional stratification with educational choices being unequal and socially defined. There is evidence that with the development of new university departments and the increase in the number of university entrants in Greece, a stratified system of higher education has emerged. This study draws on quantitative data that provides evidence that choice has been driven largely by the students' social class: the close relationship between social class and educational opportunities has remained intact. Furthermore, social inequalities in access and distribution in higher education persist, despite the substantial increase in participation in higher education. Social class is a key factor in the interpretation of choice of study, which, along with the performance in the national level examinations that determines entrance into universities, has also led to the increase in the stratification of higher education institutions. [source]

Tapping Deep Pockets: The Role of Resources and Social Capital on Financial Capital Acquisition by Biotechnology Firms in Biotech,Pharma Alliances

JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Issue 8 2008
Shanthi Gopalakrishnan
abstract Strategic alliances with pharmaceutical firms allow small biotechnology firms to acquire needed financial capital in exchange for sharing new, cutting-edge technologies. This study draws from aspects of resource-based view and social capital theory to examine the factors that influence the extent of financial capital biotech firms acquire when forming an alliance with pharmaceutical firms. Using a sample of 184 alliances from the period 1995,2000, we found that alliances where the pharmaceutical firm has greater management control are associated with greater acquisition of financial capital by the biotech firm. We also found that the credibility of the pharmaceutical firm is positively associated with the extent of financial capital acquired by the biotechnology firm and that the number of patents that the biotech firm has is negatively associated to the financial capital the biotech firm receives. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory, research, and management practice. [source]

Collective Myopia and Disciplinary Power Behind the Scenes of Unethical Practices: A Diagnostic Theory on Japanese Organization

JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Issue 3 2002
Nobuyuki Chikudate
This study draws on multiple writings to offer a new conceptualization, one that aids in the assessment of unethical practices. Traditionally, phenomenology and the sociology of knowledge have focused on perception, cognition and common sense. Ethnomethodology has focused on procedural infrastructures of ordinary lives. This article combines concepts and ideas from these methodologies in the general concept of ,collective myopia' with some Habermasian and Foucaultian influences. The conceptualization focuses on normative controls operating behind the scenes of unethical practices in Japanese business. The contributions of national culture to the crimes are omitted as much as possible to establish a position of general theory. The conceptualization is then applied to examine the case of the Dai-ichi Kangyo Bank, which was linked to racketeering in 1997. [source]

Parenting and Adolescents' Sexual Initiation

JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY, Issue 4 2009
Monica A. Longmore
This study draws on social control and social learning theories to examine the role of dating-specific attitudes and practices as predictors of adolescents' sexual initiation. We include attention to the adolescent's reaction to control attempts as a further means of assessing family dynamics (i.e., frequency of dating disagreements). The study uses longitudinal data from 697 adolescents who were not sexually active at the first interview as well as separate interviews with parents. In models that include all parenting variables, parental caring, parents' preferences that the child should delay sex, and the frequency of dating disagreements were significant predictors of initiation of teen sexual activity. [source]

Information source horizons and source preferences of environmental activists: A social phenomenological approach

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 12 2007
Reijo Savolainen
This study focuses on the ways in which people define their source preferences in the context of seeking orienting information for nonwork purposes. The conceptual framework of the study combines ideas drawn from social phenomenology and information-seeking studies. The study utilizes Alfred Schutz's model describing the ways in which actors structure everyday knowledge into regions of decreasing relevance. It is assumed that this structuring based on the actor's interest at hand is also reflected in the ways in which an actor prefers information sources and channels. The concept of information source horizon is used to elicit articulations of source preferences. The empirical part of the study draws on interviews with 20 individuals active in environmental issues. Printed media (newspapers), the Internet, and broadcast media (radio, television) were preferred in seeking for orienting information. The major source preferences were content of information, and availability and accessibility. Usability of information sources, user characteristics such as media habits, and situational factors were mentioned less frequently as preference criteria. [source]

Novel factor of merit for center-frequency tunable bandpass filters comparison

MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 4 2009
Emmanuel Pistono
Abstract This article presents an improved factor of merit for the comparison of center-frequency tunable bandpass filters. This study draws up a comparison between existing tunable filters for which different commonly used parameters demonstrating their performance are given. A first factor of merit that takes all the major characteristics of such tunable filters into account is introduced. A second factor of merit is proposed to evaluate the filter compactness. These new factors of merit are applied for the comparison of more than 30 recently published papers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 985,988, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24220 [source]

Miscarriages of apothecary justice: un-separate spaces of work and family in early modern Rome

RENAISSANCE STUDIES, Issue 4 2007
Elizabeth S. Cohen
Claiming that a disruptive inspection by the College of Apothecaries had caused his wife and co-worker to miscarry and shortly die, a Roman candymaker in 1609 brought criminal charges against six guildsmen. A microanalysis of the trial records tells two linked stories. The first reconstructs tensions between, on the one hand, communal and corporate discipline and, on the other, one master's practices. The second recounts an obstetrical crisis involving self-help and several sorts of medical practitioners. These themes of work, health, public authority, and domesticity intersect within the confines of the artisan's shop and home. To explicate the meanings of these ,un-separate' spaces, this case study draws on Michael McKeon's reformulation for the early modern world of the binary, often invoked by scholars, of public and private. His ,distinction without separation' better characterizes the experiences of this candymaker and his family. (pp. 480,504) [source]

University Commercialization Strategies in the Development of Regional Bioclusters,

THE JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2008
Shiri M. Breznitz
To analyze university contribution to economic development, the present study examines universities' technology transfer policies and their associated economic development impact. The article examines how a university defines itself as part of a region as well as what activities, if any, do university commercialization strategies in context of their regional environment affect spin-off activity. Furthermore, this study explores the ways universities contribute to regional economic development by examining existing theories and analyzing universities' relationships with both government and industry in two regions. This study draws from Roberts and Malone's (1996) selectivity,support typology and highlights this article's argument by comparing the commercialization strategies of world-class universities strategies in the development of regional biotechnology clusters in Massachusetts and in Connecticut. This article investigates the notion of whether universities can differently influence the economic development processes of the while still having successful commercial outcomes. These findings build on previous research (Clarysse et al., 2005; Degroof and Roberts, 2004; Powers and McDougall, 2005), which argues that low support,low selectivity policies may be more suitable to entrepreneurially developed environments, whereas high support,high selectivity policies are more efficient in entrepreneurially underdeveloped environments. Masachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is located in a strong technopole region, whereby many of its support structures for spin-off formation are provided by the regional infrastructure of the Cambridge,Boston region. In contrast, Yale University, which has an underdeveloped entrepreneurial context, has had to take a more proactive role in providing incubation capabilities to their spin-off projects. This finding supports a contingent based perspective of academic entrepreneurship, whereby low support,low selectivity policies are more fitted to entrepreneurially developed environments, whereas high support,high selectivity policies are more efficient in entrepreneurially underdeveloped environments. [source]

L'ajustement mutuel dans le fonctionnement organique du système multiorganisationnel d'aide et de services aux sans-abri de Montréal

CANADIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION/ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE DU CANADA, Issue 1 2009
Alain Dupuis
Sommaire : Notre étude de l'organisation du secteur de l'aide et des services aux sans-abri à Montréal Centre met en lumière un système multiorganisationnel de services de santé et de services sociaux qui n'est pas intégré hiérarchiquement dans son ensemble et qui n'est pas soumis à une « entente de gestion et d'imputabilité» globale propre à une gestion fondée sur la normalisation des résultats. L'étude présente un système d'ensemble de type « organique » plutôt que bureaucratique, largement fondé sur des ajustements mutuels entre les nombreux acteurs publics et « communautaires » de ce secteur. La coordination des services se réalise alors essentiellement dans les interactions entre les intervenants alors qu'ils accomplissent leur travail, et ce avec le soutien des gestionnaires. À l'aide de nombreux extraits d'entrevues, nous étudions le fonctionnement de ce système « organique » sous la forme de trois catégories de processus d'ajustement mutuel qui se superposent et se complètent pour assurer la valeur des services : disjoint unilatéral, conjoint bilatéral et conjoint multilatéral. Selon les sciences de l'organisation, un tel système est potentiellement mieux adaptéà composer avec la complexité des connaissances et des valeurs caractéristiques des services humains, qu'un à système formellement intégré et contrôlé par des règles, des indicateurs et des cibles quantifiables. Abstract: This study of the organization of the sector dedicated to providing aid and services to the homeless in Central Montreal reveals a multiorganizational health and social services system that is neither hierarchically integrated as a whole nor subject to a comprehensive "management and accountability agreement" specific to standardized results-based management. The study details a comprehensive system that is "organic," rather than bureaucratic, and broadly organized based on mutual adjustments among the numerous public and "community" practitioners in this sector. The coordination of services is therefore essentially achieved through the interaction of the workers as they perform their jobs, with the support of management. This study draws on a number of extracts from interviews to examine how this "organic" system operates, in the form of three distinct processes of mutual adjustment that are superimposed and complementary to ensure the value of the services: "unilateral disjoined,""bilateral joined" and "multilateral joined." According to organizational science, this type of system is potentially more likely to address the complexities inherent in the knowledge and values that are characteristic of human services than a formally integrated system that is controlled by rules, indicators and quantifiable targets. [source]

Early indicators of child abuse and neglect: a multi-professional Delphi study

CHILD ABUSE REVIEW, Issue 1 2003
Catherine Powell
Abstract Through the application of the Delphi technique, this study draws on the expertise of British child protection academics and practitioners from a wide range of disciplines in seeking to develop a consensus opinion on possible early indicators of child abuse and neglect. The search for early indicators is described in the context of a secondary preventative approach to the problem of child maltreatment. A very tentative conclusion arising from the study is that the early indicators of child abuse and neglect that achieved consensus of agreement may help in diagnosing child abuse and neglect at an earlier stage, although they are not necessarily diagnostic. Alternative explanations, differential diagnoses and information-gathering are paramount, as is a willingness and ability to act on concerns. Although great caution is urged, it is suggested that the findings from the study are credible and of interest to those who are working towards more timely recognition and referral of abused and neglected children. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]